Antigen tests are generally less sensitive than PCR-based methods and their clinical
performance depends on the circumstances in which they are used. The Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have released guidance for rapid antigen testing for
SARS-CoV-2. FDA and CDC guidance suggest that antigen test results should be
considered in the context of clinical observation, patient history, and epidemiological
information.
A positive test result when the person is symptomatic or has been exposed to COVID-19
indicates that SARS-CoV-2 antigen was detected and that the individual is very likely
infected and considered a COVID-19 case. Positive individuals should be isolated per Ohio
Department of Health guidance.
A positive test result for an asymptomatic person who has not been exposed has the
potential to be a false positive result. In these situations, the individual with the positive
test result should be isolated until confirmatory PCR testing can be performed and results
returned.
For negative results, FDA guidelines suggest “it is not necessary to perform confirmatory
high-sensitivity molecular tests on individuals with negative antigen tests if they are
obtained during routine screening or surveillance.” However, symptomatic individuals with
negative tests should be isolated until confirmatory PCR testing can be performed and
results returned.
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Interpreting Test Results