Senate - Congressional Record

Congressional Record

United States

of America

PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE

117

CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

S2637

Vol. 168 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, MAY 24, 2022 No. 90

Senate

The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was

called to order by the Honorable R

APH

AEL

G. W

ARNOCK

, a Senator from the

State of Georgia.

PRAYER

The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of-

fered the following prayer:

Let us pray.

O Lord, who governs the minds of all

who are called to serve You and coun-

try, guide our lawmakers to fulfill

Your purposes. When it is difficult to

see the path ahead, give them the wis-

dom to trust the unfolding of Your

powerful providence. Empower them to

resist the sins that bring dishonor as

they seek to live for Your glory.

Lord, unite them to bear the burdens

which are laid upon them during these

challenging days. As they remember

their accountability to You, inspire

them to be good stewards of Your

bounty. And, Lord, bless Ukraine.

We pray in Your great Name. Amen.

PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE

The Presiding Officer led the Pledge

of Allegiance, as follows:

I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the

United States of America, and to the Repub-

lic for which it stands, one nation under God,

indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.

APPOINTMENT OF ACTING

PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The

clerk will please read a communication

to the Senate from the President pro

tempore (Mr. L

EAHY

The senior assistant legislative clerk

read the following letter:

U.S. S

ENATE

RESIDENT PRO TEMPORE

Washington, DC, May 24, 2022.

To the Senate:

Under the provisions of rule I, paragraph 3,

of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby

appoint the Honorable R

APHAEL

G. W

ARNOCK

a Senator from the State of Georgia, to per-

form the duties of the Chair.

ATRICK

J. L

EAHY

President pro tempore.

Mr. WARNOCK thereupon assumed

the Chair as Acting President pro tem-

pore.

RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-

pore. Under the previous order, the

leadership time is reserved.

CONCLUSION OF MORNING

BUSINESS

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-

pore. Morning business is closed.

EXECUTIVE SESSION

EXECUTIVE CALENDAR

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-

pore. Under the previous order, the

Senate will proceed to executive ses-

sion and resume consideration of the

following nomination, which the clerk

will report.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

read the nomination of Dara

Lindenbaum, of Virginia, to be a Mem-

ber of the Federal Election Commis-

sion for a term expiring April 30, 2027.

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-

pore. The majority whip.

INFANT FORMULA SHORTAGE

Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, the

hardest job in America during the pan-

demic certainly fell on the shoulders of

our healthcare heroes. We owe a great

debt of gratitude to the sacrifice and

integrity they showed during this chal-

lenge.

But I want to add another category

and that would be the category of par-

ents, particularly of newborn infants

during the pandemic. They have dealt

with school closures and COVID

lockdowns, rising prices at the check-

out counter, and for parents with kids

under the age of 5, the wait for COVID

vaccine has been excruciating.

Now parents throughout the country

are facing another burden—of all

things—the availability and cost of in-

fant formula. Since the beginning of

this year, the supply of infant formula

in America has been reduced by nearly

half—half. The obvious question is,

Why?

In February, the Food and Drug Ad-

ministration discovered that Abbott’s

Michigan factory, which produces

Similac, a well-known infant formula

to many parents, may have been the

source of a bacteria outbreak. That

outbreak sent four infants to the hos-

pital. Tragically, it claimed the lives of

two. As a result, the factory in Michi-

gan was shut down.

That shutdown and larger supply

chain issues has caused a shortage and

caused panic among many families. At

this very moment, parents are fran-

tically scouring the internet for for-

mula, driving for hours from store to

store, and paying obscene prices to

shady sellers exploiting this desperate

situation.

Some of the parents in Illinois have

written to me. One of them is Jennifer

Sendeski from Deer Park, IL. Eight

months ago, she gave birth to her son.

In her words, it was a moment of

‘‘sheer joy, love and excitement.’’ Soon

after she gave birth, Jennifer joined

millions of other women in

supplementing her son’s diet with for-

mula.

Jennifer wrote to me that ‘‘in the

last several months we have been fight-

ing an uphill battle to find formula . . .

what would have once cost . . . $13 for

12 [ounce] can of powdered formula now

sells for $40 . . . if you can find it on

the shelves.’’

Jennifer describes her struggle to

find that formula as a ‘‘nightmare.’’

She is not alone. Another mother

named Jennifer, who lives in Lake Zu-

rich, IL, said the formula shortage is

‘‘becoming dire,’’ in her words.

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Sadly, these moms are right. The

shortage is dire. That is why I am

grateful that the President has sprung

into action trying to help these parents

and families. Two days ago, the admin-

istration completed its first shipment

of more than 75,000 pounds of imported

formula as part of Operation Fly For-

mula, enough for more than half a mil-

lion bottles. The second shipment is ex-

pected in a few days.

As these shipments reach American

shores, President Biden has also in-

voked the Defense Production Act, an

authority he has under the law to ramp

up domestic production. This could

help to eliminate supply chain bottle-

necks and compel manufacturers to

prioritize the production of infant for-

mula. It is hard to think of anything

that would be a higher priority.

Both of these steps are crucial, but in

the meantime, if you are a parent

struggling to find formula, the Depart-

ment of Health and Human Services

has a website you should visit,

HHS.gov/formula. That is HHS.gov/for-

mula. It identifies companies and

healthcare providers, food banks, and

other resources that have supplies

available. Let me say it again:

HHS.gov/formula.

Additionally, last week, President

Biden signed the Access to Baby For-

mula Act into law. It allows parents to

purchase more infant formula through

WIC, which provides nutritional sup-

port for low-income families, and I be-

lieve I read that half the babies in

America count on WIC.

Finally, the Food and Drug Adminis-

tration is working to maximize for-

mula production as well—in particular,

the production of specialized formulas,

like hypoallergenic formula, for in-

fants with specific health needs.

The FDA also has entered into an

agreement with Abbott to get its

Michigan factory back in business.

That is the largest infant formula fac-

tory in the country. We need to get it

reopened safely and quickly. As long as

the company meets critical safety

standards, we want them in produc-

tion.

But let’s be clear: This disastrous sit-

uation could have been averted if the

FDA was not chronically understaffed

and underfunded. At the time Abbott’s

factory was shut down, try to guess

how many Federal employees had the

responsibility for the oversight of this

life-and-death industry. The answer:

nine. Nine people within FDA were re-

sponsible for the oversight of infant

formula, nine workers monitoring a

$3.5 billion industry that directly im-

pacts millions of American families.

These workers are spread way too

thin, and here is why that is a problem:

When a safety issue arises, it can take

months for the FDA to launch an in-

vestigation. That is exactly what hap-

pened at Abbott’s plant in Michigan.

The FDA received a complaint about

that factory’s production last October,

but they didn’t physically inspect the

plant until January of this year.

FDA does essential work with lim-

ited resources, but it cannot serve the

needs of the American consumers and

families on a thin budget. If we want to

truly protect the safety and well-being

of families and kids, we need to step up

in Congress. The House of Representa-

tives did it last week. House law-

makers passed Congresswoman R

OSA

AURO

’s legislation to provide $28

million in additional funding to help

the FDA resolve the formula shortage

and to prevent the next one.

This legislation is a no-brainer from

my point of view, and that is why it is

puzzling that 190 Republican Congress

men and women voted against it. They

voted against giving money to the FDA

to get the infant formula back safely

into the homes of American families

and to prevent any healthcare and safe-

ty issue in the future, and 190 Repub-

licans said: No, I don’t want to spend

that money. That is right, the party

that often claims to be so pro-family

voted against legislation to help par-

ents feed their families, feed their ba-

bies, and provide parents with the

peace of mind that their formula is

safe.

Now, I am sure my Republican col-

leagues will keep coming to the floor

this week to express outrage over the

infant formula shortage, but as you lis-

ten to what they say, also watch how

they vote. If they are serious about

protecting kids and families, it is time

to vote that way. Congresswoman

AURO

’s legislation puts us on the

right path. I hope the Senate joins the

House in passing it soon.

While we are at it, let’s also recog-

nize the challenges that were facing

working families long before the for-

mula shortage and even before the pan-

demic.

Congress has waited far too long to

provide the support working families

need to thrive. So let’s extend the en-

hanced child tax credit. Let’s provide

paid parental leave. Let’s offer

postpartum health coverage to all new

moms. Let’s help parents afford the

cost of high-quality education. I think

those measures are critical, and they

are pro-family.

We have the power to make America

the best place in the world to raise a

family. We are not quite there. Instead

of denying families the freedom to

choose when and how to raise a child,

I have a different proposal for my col-

leagues on both sides of the aisle: Let’s

invest in the health and potential of

every family in America.

I yield the floor.

I suggest the absence of a quorum.

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-

pore. The clerk will call the roll.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

proceeded to call the roll.

Mr. M

CONNELL. Mr. President, I

ask unanimous consent that the order

for the quorum call be rescinded.

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-

pore. Without objection, it is so or-

dered.

RECOGNITION OF THE MINORITY LEADER

The Republican leader is recognized.

BIDEN ADMINISTRATION

Mr. M

CONNELL. Mr. President, on

the campaign trail, Candidate Biden

made some big promises for America’s

economic recovery. His campaign pub-

lished ‘‘the Biden Plan to revitalize

Main Street and invest in small busi-

nesses’’ and another ‘‘to give America’s

working families the tools, choices,

and freedom they need to build back

better.’’ So just how have the working

families and small businesses fared

with President Biden and the Demo-

cratic Party calling the shots? Sixty-

nine percent of Americans say our

economy right now is bad. Even more—

77 percent—say they are pessimistic

about costs rising even more in the

coming months. Just last month, one

longstanding measure of optimism

among small business owners reached

its lowest level on record.

Month after month, the historic high

inflation Democrats helped unleash

with runaway spending last spring is

taking its toll on Americans’ hope for

the future, but more immediately, it is

taking its toll on their wallets. More

than a third of Americans say they are

having difficulty paying for usual

household expenses.

Just last month, the price of a gallon

of milk was 16 percent higher than the

year before. Gas prices are scraping the

stratosphere. In Kentucky, the average

price for a gallon of regular reached an

alltime high 2 weeks ago. Today, it is

20 cents higher than that.

In Lexington, one resident who drives

a rideshare put it this way:

I’m not trying to be a billionaire, I’m just

trying to pay some bills.

She is facing more pain at the pump,

and so are the folks paying even more

to fill up trucks, tractors, or delivery

vans with diesel.

The costs behind small business own-

ers’ headaches are behind consumers’

hardship.

But somehow, as our Nation reaps

the effects of their first year of one-

party control, Washington Democrats

are operating as if the exact opposite

conditions were afoot. After their

spending bonanza helped kick off his-

toric inflation, they want to pile on the

biggest tax hikes in history. After

their radical day 1 climate agenda

hammered the most affordable forms of

American energy, they want to double

down on far-left fantasies.

As the Biden administration passed

its 100th day in office, I urged the

President to ‘‘recommit to solving our

nation’s actual problems.’’ Well, here

we are, approaching his administra-

tion’s 500th day in office. By now,

America’s working families have fig-

ured out for themselves that the so-

called ‘‘Biden Plan’’ for them is just a

fast track to historic hardships.

ELECTION LAWS

Mr. President, now on an entirely dif-

ferent matter, 5 months ago, Demo-

crats in the media were saying the sky

was falling because of some States’

mainstream voting laws. Georgia

passed a voting law that was more open

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than the rules on the books in blue

States like New York and Delaware.

Texas passed a law that switched off

some one-time COVID exceptions, like

keeping polls open in the middle of the

night.

These mainstream laws brought a

torrent—a torrent—of hysteria from

the far left, from corporate America,

Hollywood, and the corporate media

rushed to condemn laws they hadn’t

even read. It was almost completely

untethered from reality. One poll a few

months back found that less than half

of 1 percent of Americans said voting

laws were the country’s most impor-

tant problem. More Americans actually

believe current voting laws are too lax

than believe they are too restrictive.

But the far left bubble became fix-

ated—fixated—on this nonissue.

The manufactured outrage just kept

coming. At the peak of the crescendo a

few months back, 48 of 50 Senate Demo-

crats voted to break this institution—

to break this institution—to ram

through a 3-year-old voting takeover

bill on a partisan basis. That is how

close we came.

Now, fortunately, a bipartisan major-

ity saved the Senate as an institution,

and now, we are seeing the hard evi-

dence that, as we all knew, the

hysteria was never based on fact to

begin with.

Georgia’s primary election day is

today. But we already know a lot,

thanks to early voting figures.

And here was a Washington Post

headline a few days ago, ‘‘Voting is

surging in Georgia despite controver-

sial new election law.’’

The story goes on:

[R]ecord-breaking turnout is undercutting

predictions that the Georgia Election Integ-

rity Act . . . would lead to a falloff in voting.

By the end of Friday, the final day of early

in-person voting, nearly 800,000 Georgians

had cast ballots—more than three times—

three times the number in 2018, and—

Listen to this—

higher even than in 2020, a presidential year.

Turnout is up despite the fact that

fewer Georgians are availing them-

selves of the State’s no-excuse mail-in

voting. Georgians are getting back to

in-person voting, a return to

prepandemic norms, and doing so in

huge, huge numbers.

The reporter quoted one 70-year-old

Black voter who was stunned by the

easiness of the voting process after all

the disinformation that had been

thrown around.

Here is what she said:

I had heard that they were going to try to

deter us in any way possible . . . [so] [t]o go

in there and vote as easily as I did . . . I was

really thrown back.

Shame—shame—on the Democrats

who pushed the Big Lie that a grand

scheme was afoot to prevent millions

of Americans from voting. It was never

true. It was just to push their pre-

existing policy agenda. The fake

hysteria was just a pretext to push a

sweeping national takeover of election

laws that Democrats had already had

on the shelf for a number of years.

Now the rhetoric is proving false

right before our eyes. These common-

sense Republican laws appear to be

achieving just what the American peo-

ple want. The American people want to

make it easier to vote and harder to

cheat.

This whole episode proves exactly

why our democracy still needs its cool-

ing saucer. This is exactly the reason

why the U.S. Senate exists, so that one

party cannot lose its head to a short-

term fever and upend massive Federal

laws on a partisan basis under false

pretexts.

Thank goodness—thank goodness—a

bipartisan majority stopped Democrats

from destroying the Senate over this

fake issue a few months back.

I suggest the absence of a quorum.

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-

pore. The clerk will call the roll.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

proceeded to call the roll.

Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, I ask

unanimous consent that the order for

the quorum call be rescinded.

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-

pore. Without objection, it is so or-

dered.

RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY LEADER

The majority leader is recognized.

THE REPUBLICAN PARTY

Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, it has

become clear over the last few months

that too much of the Republican Party

has been taken over by MAGA Repub-

licans, who are now dominating the

party and Republicans in the Senate,

moving the party away from things it

has often stood for in the pest.

The contrast has become clear:

Democrats, for instance, want to codify

a woman’s freedom to make decisions

about her own body into Federal law,

but MAGA Republicans want to take

away women’s rights by pushing na-

tional abortion bans, jailing women

and doctors for carrying out abortions,

and even pushing bans with no excep-

tion for rape or incest.

In the wake of the Buffalo shooting,

MAGA Republicans continue embrac-

ing unhinged conspiracy theories like

the ‘‘great replacement,’’ which has

been a rallying cry for

ultranationalists and White suprema-

cists in Europe for years.

And all year long, while Democrats

have been pushing solutions that will

lower costs, MAGA Republicans and

the chair of the Republican campaign

arm openly support raising taxes on

the poor and working families, while

cheering on inflation as a ‘‘gold mine.’’

And those were Senator S

COTT

’s words,

not mine. He called inflation a gold

mine. Imagine.

MAGA Republicans are showing

Americans exactly who they are. In an

amazing happening this weekend, the

Conservative Political Action Con-

ference, the largest conservative orga-

nization in America, held their con-

ference in Hungary and welcomed one

of Europe’s most notorious proponents

of ‘‘replacement theory,’’ Viktor

Orban, as their keynote speaker.

Again, the Conservative Political Ac-

tion Conference, a very important or-

ganization in the new Republican

MAGA party, had Viktor Orban as

their keynote speaker, an autocrat,

who has whittled away democracy in

Hungary.

It is sickening—sickening—to see

that 2 weeks after the shooting in Buf-

falo, Republicans as prominent as Don-

ald Trump and Tucker Carlson, spoke

at the same event as one of Europe’s

most prominent White nationalists and

authoritarians. It is a scary and other-

worldly turn for one of America’s two

parties to take.

I know not all Republicans embrace

the views of MAGA Republicans. I

know many of them support women’s

rights and embrace diversity and reject

conspiracies like ‘‘White replacement.’’

I urge these Republicans in the Sen-

ate and the country to repudiate the

MAGA wing taking over the GOP. I in-

vite the voters to support Democratic

candidates as a protest against extre-

mism so we as a nation can halt the

dangerous rise of the hard right.

This week, all of us in the Senate

will have a chance to take a stand

against extremism by voting to begin

debate on the Domestic Terrorism Pre-

vention Act.

For the information of all, I will take

the first procedural step on this legis-

lation later today, and Members can

expect to vote on Thursday on this bill

that will crack down on domestic ter-

rorism and extremism.

As far as legislation goes, this bill is

as much of a no-brainer as it comes.

Two years ago, when Donald Trump

was President, the House passed this

bill unanimously. Every single Repub-

lican was for the bill. But in a sign of

how radicalized the GOP has become,

nearly every single House Republican

opposed it last week, despite one Morn-

ing Consult poll that showed that a

majority of Republicans and Repub-

lican voters support these common-

sense measures.

Let me say it again. According to one

Morning Consult poll, a majority of Re-

publican voters support cracking down

on domestic terrorism. Yet, neverthe-

less, every single House Republican

voted against this bill last week.

If you wanted some proof that the

MAGA wing of the Republican Party is

taking over the whole party, there it

is.

I hope that, given everything hap-

pening across the country right now,

Senate Republicans will act differently

and support this bill.

Let me be clear, Democrats’ goal is

to pass this bill, just as it is with all

bills we bring to the Senate floor. But

if Republicans keep going down their

extremist, obstructionist path, then

this vote will still allow the American

people to hold their elected representa-

tives accountable.

Not long ago, views like ‘‘replace-

ment theory’’ were relegated to the

fringes of American society, shared pri-

marily by twisted minds on online mes-

sage boards. But today, White suprem-

acy, which has been with us for decades

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and centuries, is now out in the open,

and proponents speak about it un-

abashedly and unashamedly.

Many were shocked in 2017, when, out

in the open, thousands of White su-

premacists marched at the Unite the

Right rally in Charlottesville and

chanted: ‘‘You will not replace us.’’

It was out in the open on January 6,

as insurrectionists waved Confederate

flags through the hallways of this Cap-

itol—the first time that ever occurred

in American history.

It is out in the open every time Don-

ald Trump holds a MAGA rally and

blames undocumented immigrants for

stealing the 2020 election.

And it is out in the open on cable

news networks like FOX, where Tucker

Carlson has spread ‘‘replacement the-

ory’’ in over 400 episodes, and other

commentators join in.

To be sure, the extremism of MAGA

Republicans is hardly limited to their

embrace of ridiculous conspiracy theo-

ries. Across the country, the hard right

is also hell-bent on turning back the

clock on women’s rights by 100 years,

pushing restrictions on abortions that

are wildly outside the mainstream.

Whether it is a national ban on abor-

tions, which Leader M

ONNELL

ac-

knowledges is possible if Republicans

win the Senate, or the prosecution of

women who pursue abortions, or even

banning businesses that help employ-

ees access abortions out of State,

MAGA Republicans are openly cham-

pioning restrictions that would have

been career-enders just a few years ago

but are now part of GOP canon. We

cannot ignore who suffers most under

these radical restrictions: women of

color, low-income families, families

who live in deeply gerrymandered

States, where their views have all been

but silenced.

This is what MAGA Republicans

clamor for: a world ruled by conspiracy

theories, national abortion bans, and

the greatest curtailing of individual

rights in 50 years; a world where immi-

grants and communities of color are

considered ‘‘replacers’’; where women

are considered second-class citizens

and are told what to do with their bod-

ies; where White supremacy is toler-

ated or even embraced; and where our

democracy erodes in favor of autoc-

racy.

Imagine again Orban, the leading au-

tocrat of Europe, being the lead speak-

er at CPAC, with President Trump and

other major Republicans participating.

Who would think we would see that

day? Who would think?

We cannot let these views become ac-

cepted or even become the norm in the

United States. This week, we can take

one step of many in helping silence the

voices of White supremacy, the voices

of domestic terrorism.

So I implore my Republican col-

leagues: If you reject the dangers of

White supremacy and views like

‘‘White replacement,’’ you should vote

in favor of moving forward to begin de-

bate on this domestic terrorism bill.

This is a test. This is about account-

ability. Republican Senators, do you

reject the views of MAGA Republicans?

Do you reject White supremacy and

‘‘replacement theory’’?

Taking a stand against domestic ter-

rorism and White supremacy should be

the easiest thing in the world. If Re-

publicans can’t join us on something as

simple as that, Americans will see,

with even greater clarity, how radical

the GOP has become under Donald

Trump and the MAGA Republicans.

I yield the floor.

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.

ADILLA

). The Senator from Indiana.

REMEMBERING SERGEANT CHARLES GARRIGUS

Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, what de-

fines an American soldier? Is it courage

under fire? Is it physical strength? Is it

the great victories on the battlefield?

No. I think it is something else. Above

all, it is sacrifice. It is the selflessness

to surrender one’s life so that a set of

values will endure not only for the liv-

ing but for generations to come. It is

the faith that the future of this great

Nation is more important than the life

of any one of its citizens; that the

cause of liberty is greater than any in-

dividual.

Be that as it may, every fallen hero

must be remembered. Every individual

who makes the ultimate sacrifice must

be honored. That is why, in the spring

every year, we decorate their graves

with flowers and the flag they fought

for. Those headstones made of marble

or granite are often indistinguishable

from a distance. Fittingly, their sac-

rifice was the same no matter how fa-

bled or forgotten the battle, no matter

in victory or defeat; and though we

rightly revere our glorious triumphs—

the trenches of Yorktown, the hills of

Gettysburg, the fields of the Marne,

the beaches of Normandy—it is often in

America’s darkest hours, in the face of

great disaster, when we see the virtues

of America’s warriors most clearly.

So it was with SGT Charles Garrigus,

a farm boy from the town of Francisco

in Southern Indiana.

In growing up during the Depression,

he developed a passion and skill for

motors, of driving trucks and tractors

across the Hoosier countryside. It was

why he was drawn to the U.S. Army;

why, after his discharge at the end of

World War II, he reenlisted, serving as

a motor pool sergeant in Japan. Ser-

geant Garrigus was scheduled to return

to Indiana on June 26, 1950. One day be-

fore that, on the 25th, the Korean war

began, and so he again answered the

call.

After the initial setbacks, with the

North Korean People’s Army pushing

U.S. forces south, by the end of the

summer, the North Koreans were in re-

treat, and Americans were advancing

north, up the peninsula. The end of the

war was in sight.

GEN Douglas MacArthur divided his

forces. The Eighth Army went from

Seoul to Pyongyang. From there, it

would link with Ten Corps. Sergeant

Garrigus’s force, the 7th Army Divi-

sion, 32nd Regiment, was assigned to

guard the Ten Corps’ flank. Once con-

nected, they would march toward the

Chinese frontier, reunite Korea, and

end the war. The soldiers might be

home for Christmas.

Then came the Battle of Chosin Res-

ervoir, where 100,000 Chinese soldiers

attacked. The Americans, isolated and

spread out across the Chosin Reservoir,

were surrounded; they were trapped. It

was an unmitigated disaster—one of

the worst in the history of America’s

military. The fighting continued for

two more nights before Sergeant

Garrigus’s regiment consolidated with

another larger unit, led by COL Allan

MacLean.

On the morning of the 29th, their 60-

vehicle convoy made its way to

MacLean’s perimeter. The Chinese fire

was so heavy, though, that two trucks

filled with supplies were left on the op-

posite of the bridge leading to

MacLean’s men. When Sergeant

Garrigus looked across that bridge and

saw Chinese soldiers approaching the

vehicles, he dashed, on foot, across the

bridge, reached the first van, and drove

it back across the ice-covered bridge.

Then he got out, ran back across the

bridge again, jumped in the second

truck, and drove that one across Amer-

ican lines too. Just as he made it over,

the engine stalled out, but his fellow

soldiers roared. It was a shot of hope in

a desperate hour.

After 80 hours of attacks, the situa-

tion had grown so dire that, on the

morning of the 30th, the Americans de-

termined to break out and drive over

mountain roads to the safety of the

Marine base at Hagaru-ri, at the south-

ern end of the reservoir. They loaded

what rations and supplies they had

left, along with the wounded, into 35

trucks and jeeps, and prepared to set

out across the narrow mountain roads

that led to the marines.

Before they departed, Chinese forces

commandeered the Americans’ defen-

sive machinegun posts. Sergeant

Garrigus rallied several other soldiers;

fought off the Chinese; and retook the

weapons, turning them on the enemy,

freeing up the column of vehicles to de-

part. The way was treacherous, along

rutted, ice-covered roads. The forma-

tion was disorganized, scattered by

steady Chinese gunfire.

With Sergeant Garrigus at its head,

the convoy finally drew near the Ma-

rine base at Hagaru-ri. What was once

a 35-vehicle convoy was now 15. The

trucks and jeeps were full of bullet

holes, but the final run was at hand.

With mortar blasts exploding along its

sides, Sergeant Garrigus guided the

convoy forward. Hagaru-ri was 5 miles

away, just in reach. Then a tremendous

blast of machineguns erupted. The lead

vehicle veered off the road and

smashed into a ditch. Sergeant

Garrigus lay dead behind the wheel.

The entire convoy ground to a halt.

The surviving soldiers were at the

mercy of the Chinese.

SGT Charles Garrigus never returned

home to Indiana. His name is among

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2641 May 24, 2022

the missing—the ones who answered

their country’s call and never came

home. He was awarded the Distin-

guished Service Cross for his service

and sacrifice.

Though his mission was doomed, his

death was not in vain. The fighting at

Chosin Reservoir distracted the Chi-

nese Army long enough to allow the

Army to successfully withdraw south—

the longest withdrawal in American

history. He and his brothers in arms

fought like hell, through hell. Their

chances of victory, of even survival,

were remote. But they didn’t fight for

themselves. They fought for their

countrymen, living and generations

away, for the ideal of self-government.

On Memorial Day, we honor all those

who have died in service to America in

defense of that ideal. Let us not mis-

take the stillness of the patriot graves

with silence, though. The rows of

headstones speak to us of sacrifice for

the common good. They remind us of

the price at which our freedom was

won, of the too often smallness of our

divisions, of the many reasons for faith

in our fellow Americans no matter how

strained our bonds may be, of the bless-

ings we share even if they are obscure,

and of our ability to pass through any

trial no matter how daunting.

When we listen to them, I believe we

will lift our heads from today’s anxi-

eties and face the future optimisti-

cally. As the story of Sergeant

Garrigus shows, we Americans have re-

fused to let far greater obstacles deter

us or accepted that more difficult prob-

lems can’t be solved.

Months after his death, at the Chosin

Reservoir, Sergeant Garrigus’s parents

received a note of condolence from

GEN Douglas MacArthur. In it, he

hoped that the loss of their son in the

defense of this country offered ‘‘some

measure of comfort.’’ The letter also

spoke of the sergeant’s ‘‘devotion to

duty at the cost of all he held dear.’’

Eloquent words or well-meaning ges-

tures on Memorial Day or any day have

small power to comfort those left be-

hind, but we can take more than a

measure of comfort and should be eter-

nally grateful that, from our founding

until today, there have always been

Americans willing to keep us safe and

free at the cost of all they hold dear.

May God bless them and keep them

in His arms.

I yield the floor.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-

ator from Nevada.

SOLAR ENERGY

Ms. ROSEN. Mr. President, for years,

solar power has been a growing source

of clean, low-cost energy and economic

development in my State of Nevada, in

States across our Nation, and surely in

States like the Presiding Officer’s, in

California, but Nevada currently has

the largest solar economy in the coun-

try, with the most solar jobs per cap-

ita—per capita—of any State.

Supporting solar energy creates

American jobs, and these jobs are help-

ing us to transition to clean, renewable

energy. Our domestic solar industry is

made up of more than 10,000 businesses,

large and small, located in every single

State, employing over 250,000 American

workers. But, at this moment, the

American solar industry is at risk. All

of the progress we have made to transi-

tion to clean energy and dramatically

lower energy costs for American fami-

lies is at risk. Hundreds of thousands of

good-paying solar jobs are at risk be-

cause of a Department of Commerce in-

vestigation into imported solar panels.

Our domestic solar industry’s success

depends on a steady supply of solar

panels to install. If we don’t have the

panels to install, we do not have—we

just don’t have—a domestic solar in-

dustry. Unfortunately, solar panel

manufacturers in the United States

can only meet the needs of 15 percent—

15 percent—of American solar projects.

That leaves 85 percent of solar projects

without any access to solar panels, and

this requires—requires—importing

solar panels.

And let me make something very

clear. I 100 percent support ramping up

domestic solar manufacturing so that

someday all of our solar panels and

cells can be made in the United States,

and I have introduced a bipartisan bill

with Senator J

ERRY

ORAN

to do just

that. However, today, we simply do not

have the capacity or the capability to

manufacture enough panels to meet de-

mand or to support the hundreds of

thousands of American workers—many

in union jobs—whose livelihoods—well,

they depend on access to available, af-

fordable solar panels.

Utilities across the country, and es-

pecially in the southwestern States,

are shifting to renewable solar energy.

They have already hired workers and

in many cases have made multimillion-

dollar investments to do so. These are

good-paying jobs, which often require

special expertise to install and main-

tain our solar installations.

But since the administration’s inves-

tigation was launched, there have been

widespread reports of project cancella-

tions and layoffs. It has thrown the en-

tire solar industry into uncertainty,

and it is threatening jobs. It is setting

us back on our clean energy goals, and

it is just sending—well, sending the

wrong message to our communities as

they plan for their infrastructure in-

vestments.

One industry report states that as a

result of the solar freeze, over 80 per-

cent of American solar companies—I

want to repeat that—over 80 percent of

American solar companies are facing

cancellations; they are facing delays on

all the materials that they need.

Projects are on pause, companies are

facing closure, and American jobs—

people’s livelihoods—they are in jeop-

ardy.

Earlier this month, the State of Indi-

ana announced that, due to the inves-

tigation, it will not be able to complete

its solar projects on time and will have

to keep its coal-powered plant opened

several years longer than initially

planned. They won’t be able to com-

plete their solar panels in time.

And in my State of Nevada, NV En-

ergy, the State’s largest power com-

pany, has said that this investigation

is causing massive disruptions to mul-

tiple Nevada solar projects that would

provide low-cost—low-cost—power to

more than 114,000 homes. This is hurt-

ing President Biden’s own clean energy

goals. It is reversing our progress to-

ward clean, renewable energy.

I have highlighted all this in bipar-

tisan letters that I have led to the De-

partment of Commerce and to the

White House signed by nearly a quarter

of the Senate, including many of the

colleagues you are going to hear from

today.

If the Department of Commerce con-

tinues down the path we are on and en-

acts additional and retroactive solar

tariffs, more than 100,000 American

jobs could be lost. Hard-working fami-

lies across this country will feel the

pain of this decision that will cause en-

ergy costs—they are going to cause en-

ergy costs to go up.

Americans are already getting

squeezed at the gas pump, facing his-

toric inflation, and paying more for

groceries. We cannot allow home en-

ergy costs to increase as well.

The administration—they can pre-

vent this outcome and quell the panic

in the solar industry by swiftly bring-

ing the Department of Commerce’s

misguided investigation to an end.

I understand and respect the Depart-

ment of Commerce’s need to be thor-

ough in investigating any claims of un-

fair trade practices, but as I have been

pointing out, this petition is built upon

a house of cards. The petition for the

investigation was brought by one—one

single solar company relying on data

from researchers who say the com-

pany’s claims are wrong and that the

claims and the complaint do not accu-

rately reflect their research.

We cannot let this one single com-

pany use data in a misleading way to

destroy hundreds of thousands of

American jobs. We must support and

build our U.S. solar manufacturing,

and I stand ready to work with all my

colleagues to make that possible. But

there are supply needs that need to be

met right now, and we cannot simply

build our domestic solar manufac-

turing overnight. This is not an either-

or situation. We need to do both. Amer-

ican jobs are on the line. We need a res-

olution.

So I call on the Department of Com-

merce and the White House again to

use every resource at their disposal to

expedite this process and get American

solar—well, let’s get us back on track.

President Biden, we need action

today; not next week, not next month,

or later this summer. Hundreds of

thousands of American solar workers,

their families, our communities, they

are counting on you.

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Today, we will hear from several of

my colleagues on this critically impor-

tant issue, and I look forward to hear-

ing from them about how we can con-

tinue to work together to save Amer-

ican jobs and protect our climate fu-

ture.

I yield the floor.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-

ator from Nevada.

Ms. CORTEZ MASTO. Mr. President,

I, along with my colleague Senator

OSEN

, am pleased to be able to speak

out today. We have both been working

throughout our time here in the U.S.

Senate to support Nevada’s booming

renewable energy industry, including

our solar sector for so many of the rea-

sons that my friend and colleague Sen-

ator R

OSEN

highlighted right now.

There is one thing that is important

to also understand, and I want to put

this in perspective. In 2020, I helped to

secure extensions of the investment

tax credit and the residential renew-

able energy tax credit for solar so that

we could increase private sector invest-

ments in this critical sector.

What has happened is, with this in-

vestigation—and don’t get me wrong,

and I think all of my colleagues feel

the same way—that under the statute,

under the code, the Commerce Depart-

ment has every right to investigate

this circumvention petition. That is

not the issue that, for me, we are com-

ing here today. What we are asking the

administration to do, at least from my

perspective, is pursuant to that very

statute, under sub (f), the adminis-

trator—in this case, the Department of

Commerce and their incredible staff,

which they do have working on this—

are required to make a determination

within 300 days of the petition being

filed—within 300 days of the petition

being filed. What we are asking is for

that swift determination to be made.

Here is why: Because we know in our

State, and what I am hearing from so

many of the industry in my State, it is

having a chilling effect from us moving

forward and being able to move forward

to, quite honestly, achieve this admin-

istration’s goal of aggressive

decarbonization targets for this coun-

try and for our future.

What I do know is this: Because of

the chilling effect it is having during

this period of investigation, there are a

couple of things that are happening. In

the solar industry right now, every-

thing is on hold. There are concerns

that, depending on how the outcome of

this investigation rolls out, there could

be retroactive tariffs applied to these

solar industries, more costs to these

solar industries. So, of course, any

business is going to say, wait, I don’t

know in the industry what the lay of

the land is right now, what my costs

are going to be, so I am going to stop

moving forward until I know the re-

sults of that investigation, because if

there are retroactive tariffs, retro-

active costs to me, I want to be able to

know about that as a business owner.

Here is the other thing: Because of

this chilling effect, because nothing is

moving forward, I talked about the fact

that we actually passed, under the pre-

vious administration, in 2020, exten-

sions of the investment tax credit and

the residential renewable energy tax

credit for solar. So we gave incentives

to the solar industry in 2021 and 2022,

at 26 percent so that we can build up

our solar industry; so that we can re-

duce our carbon footprint; so we can

meet our decarbonization aggressive

goals that we had. And then at 26 per-

cent, they are entitled to that tax cred-

it from years 2021 to 2022, and then it

goes down to 22 percent in year 2023,

down to 10 percent in year 2024 for com-

mercial, and 0 percent for 2024 residen-

tial. If nothing is moving forward, no-

body is getting the benefits of that in-

vestment tax credit that we fought so

hard for under the previous administra-

tion to move forward with.

Here is what our challenge is in this

country: Yes, we are all here because

we want to move forward with this

decarbonization. We want to move for-

ward with clean energy. Solar is a way

to do that. But we need a ramp to get

there. We cannot shut off the compo-

nents, the modules, the panels—every-

thing we need. And 80 percent of those

panels come from outside of this coun-

try. We cannot shut it down overnight

and expect our small solar manufac-

turing companies to achieve the capac-

ity that we need in this country to con-

tinue to move forward. So we need a

longer ramp. We need to figure out,

working together, how we make this

happen, with our ultimate goal being

reducing that carbon footprint in this

country, bringing back that supply

chain and building and making it in

America again, all of those panels, the

modules, everything that we need for

solar. But it can’t be done overnight.

Yes, we have put those investments

out there to bring that manufacturing

here. Yes, we have a new plant going in

in Ohio, which is fantastic. But I will

tell you, that one plant alone isn’t

enough to achieve what we need in ca-

pacity for the solar industry in this

country.

So as we stand here, what is hap-

pening is that nothing is moving for-

ward, and we now have a potential of

losing out potentially to other coun-

tries and slowing down a process that

we need to reach our clean energy

goals for this country.

That is why so many of my col-

leagues, including in Nevada but across

the country, are coming up and talking

with the administration. What we are

just asking is for the administration to

understand the challenges that we are

facing right now but at the same time,

make a swift, determined investigation

and action. Do it quickly, quickly, so

that we can move forward, so that the

solar industry has the information that

it needs.

Why are we so vocal about this? I

will tell you, Nevada’s solar industry is

the largest in the Nation. The industry

supports more jobs per capita in my

State than in any other. Many of those

are union jobs, and they are on hold

right now, and nothing is moving for-

ward right now. That is not, I don’t be-

lieve, the intent of the administration

or what we have been trying to achieve

here at the end of the day as we look

forward to a clean energy economy.

I know this industry in my State

makes our economy much stronger and

more resilient. Solar and other renew-

ables help us meet our climate goals

and enhance our energy independence

in this country, which we need now

more than ever. An investment in re-

newable energy is lowering energy

costs for Nevadans across the State.

Right now, my concern is because of

the hundreds of union-trained workers

whose progress on building out critical

solar capacity will be at risk if they

can’t get the material they need to

move forward quickly—we are slowing

down not only the potential to meet

that clean energy future, but we are

slowing our economy, and we are put-

ting too many of our good-paying

union workers out of jobs right now.

So my request, and I believe with my

colleagues, was that we are asking the

Commerce Department just to make a

swift decision here. Yes, they should be

doing this. Yes, this is their right

under the statute. Yes, the circumven-

tion petition is important so that we

can prevent any type of dumping by

other countries and flooding our mar-

ket. Absolutely, I agree. But within the

provisions of the trade laws that we

have right now and the statute, the

Commerce Department rightly does the

investigation, but they can do it quick-

ly. And that is all we are asking here.

I yield the floor.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-

ator from Delaware.

Mr. CARPER. Mr. President, this

week, the solar industry in this coun-

try is at something in naval aviation

that we call refusal speed. Now, what is

refusal speed? Refusal speed is the

speed at which an aircraft continues to

pick up speed on its takeoff roll or

abandon, abort that takeoff roll and re-

main on the ground. That is what re-

fusal speed is.

In recent years, America’s solar en-

ergy industry has been rolling down

the runway, picking up speed every

day. Unfortunately, there are forces at

large today that threaten to abort the

takeoff roll and ground this vital in-

dustry.

Today, I join my colleagues in rising

to express our grave concerns about a

challenge that threatens to bring the

solar industry to a halt—to a halt—not

from climate change deniers but from

our own Federal Government.

As we speak, Mr. President, the U.S.

Commerce Department is investigating

whether solar energy products coming

from Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, and

Cambodia should be subject to the

same tariffs as are currently in place

for products coming here from China.

This investigation is currently freezing

access to these products for American

businesses that import and deploy

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2643 May 24, 2022

them across our country, and the

threat of astronomical tariffs looms

large.

As a result, a number of our col-

leagues are deeply concerned about the

impact of the Commerce investigation

not only on the solar industry but also

on our ability to combat the climate

crisis and meet President Biden’s bold

climate goals. We are already in danger

of running out of time to reduce green-

house gas emissions. I know that. The

Presiding Officer knows that. All our

colleagues realize that. Now this inves-

tigation threatens to create an

unforced error—an unforced error—in

our commitment to protect our planet.

We don’t have time for an unforced

error. We are not waiting for the cli-

mate crisis to arrive; the climate crisis

is here, and it is here now.

Without bold action, our country and

our planet will continue to feel ever

more devastating impacts. Already, in

the last year alone, we have witnessed

wildfires burning millions of acres in

California, Montana, Arizona, and

other Western States—fires as big as

my State. The same hurricane that

knocked out access to power and water

for a million people in Louisiana and

Mississippi then went on to produce

flash floods in New Jersey and New

York. People there actually drowned in

their basements, unable to escape the

torrent of floodwater.

To prevent further devastating, irre-

versible effects of climate change and

protect our planet for future genera-

tions, we need to continue

transitioning our Nation and our plan-

et away from fossil fuels. Among other

things, we should be doing everything

in our power to lift up innovators in

the solar industry, to boldly cut emis-

sions from our power sector, and to at-

tack this climate crisis head-on. But,

unfortunately, the Commerce Depart-

ment’s investigation threatens to ham-

string one of the strongest weapons in

our fight: clean renewable energy.

The prospect of as much as a 250-per-

cent tariff on solar products will have

an immediate, disastrous impact on a

leading renewable energy source for

our Nation. Effectively, we would be

punishing the very green industry that

is helping to lead the charge to curb

emissions and further reduce our Na-

tion’s reliance on fossil fuels.

We would be punishing the hundreds

of thousands of Americans who work in

the solar industry. In fact, the Solar

Energy Industries Association esti-

mates that this investigation currently

underway threatens 70,000 jobs between

now and 2025—70,000 jobs. But more

than that, we have heard from busi-

nesses in the solar industry that say

that the very threat of these tariffs is

already freezing imports needed to

build solar infrastructure and bolster

our defense against the climate crisis.

The idea that solar companies may

have to sit around waiting for January

2023 to come around just to see if in-

dustry-rocking tariffs will be an-

nounced—that alone is destabilizing. It

is worse than destabilizing; it already

risks bringing investments to a stand-

still, while adding uncertainty to the

solar market and pushing utility com-

panies to slow their transition away

from fossil fuels out of fear for a

change in American climate priorities,

because that is what is at stake here.

What do we value? Are we committed

to a clean energy future, a transition

to a 100-percent carbon pollution-free

electric sector by 2035 and to pro-

tecting American jobs and lives from

an impending climate crisis or are we

OK with the status quo, with holding

back our renewable energy prospects

and continuing to let politics dictate

our planet’s future?

Across this Nation, Americans are

feeling the effects of climate change in

every storm surge and every coastal

flood. We certainly see that in my

home State of Delaware. We are the

lowest lying State in America. The

seas around us are rising. My State is

sinking. Americans across the country

are ready to do whatever it takes to

save our planet and create a ton of jobs

at the same time.

I implore the Biden administration

to swiftly expedite its investigation

rather than drag this process out and

add to the uncertainty of businesses

across our country and to rule out ret-

roactive, job-killing tariffs in the proc-

ess.

In this moment—in this moment—we

have to act with greater urgency to

drive down emissions. In this moment,

we have to unleash the power of Amer-

ican clean energy. In this moment, we

need to protect our planet for genera-

tions to come.

To fall short of our commitment

would be to let down all of those who

inherit this planet from us. Make no

mistake, future generations will look

back at this critical moment in our Na-

tion’s history to see what we did when

our planet was on the line. Heaven for-

bid they look back and see that our

own hand—our own hand—forced this

error.

Again, I implore this administration

to end this investigation, lift up the

solar industry, and help us meet our

Nation’s climate goals.

I yield the floor.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-

ator from Alabama.

MEMORIAL DAY

Mr. TUBERVILLE. Mr. President,

the first stanza of our national anthem

ends with ‘‘O say does that star-span-

gled banner yet wave o’er the land of

the free and the home of the brave?’’

We sing this part as a triumphant

declaration, but if you read the lyrics

of the ‘‘Star-Spangled Banner,’’ the

sentence actually ends with a question

mark. Francis Scott Key intended this

line to be sung as a question rather

than a statement. That is fitting be-

cause, while our freedom may be con-

crete, hate and evil threaten the secu-

rity of our freedom from one genera-

tion to the next.

Over the years, our national anthem

took on a feeling of confidence and as-

surance rather than uncertainty, and

that is thanks to the millions of men

and women who bravely answered the

call to serve. Many soldiers lost their

lives to give us the security we all

enjoy and the assurance we are proud

of. That is what we keep in our hearts

and on our minds as we honor the fall-

en on this Memorial Day.

Throughout the course of our Na-

tion’s history, our freedom has been

protected by those who stood toe to toe

with hate and evil, endured sleepless

nights on the battlefield, rough days at

sea, harsh conditions in the desert, and

years living in a far corner of the globe

so that we, as Americans, can sleep

peacefully in the comfort and security

of our home.

Sadly, some of our Nation’s heroes

never ever returned. My State of Ala-

bama lost 2,500 soldiers during World

War I, 5,114 soldiers during World War

II, and hundreds and hundreds of others

in wars since.

Alabama pays tribute to those who

have made the ultimate sacrifice with

memorials across our State. More than

400,000 people visit the USS Alabama

Battleship Memorial Park in Mobile

annually, where they learn more about

our military and those who served. The

city of Trussville, AL, recently broke

ground on the Alabama Fallen Warrior

Monument to honor Alabama service-

members killed since 9/11.

But these sites are more than just

landmarks; they tell stories of count-

less lives that were forever changed—

the stories of daughters, sons, hus-

bands, wives, mothers, and fathers who

answered the call to defend our coun-

try at home and abroad, not knowing

what their future would hold; stories of

mothers who hugged their children and

husbands who kissed their wives with-

out knowing if it was for the last time.

Every year on Memorial Day, we pause

to honor these heroes and reflect on

the price they have paid for our free-

dom.

Today, I would like to recognize

some of Alabama’s fallen soldiers who

have paid freedom’s high cost and the

Gold Star families who still grieve

from their absence.

Many of our fallen servicemembers

had not yet reached the prime of their

lives. Some were still in high school

when they answered the call to service.

That is true for PFC James Joshua,

Jr., of Gadsden, AL, who left high

school to become a U.S. marine at the

young age of 18. This bright young man

adored his family, and his dreams for

his life were like that of many 18-year-

olds.

Private Joshua had great aspirations

of travel, and he wanted a successful

career, but he also felt a higher calling

to serve his country in Vietnam. The

second oldest of eight children, Private

Joshua was a natural protector who

wanted to make sure his family and his

country were safe, so he deployed as a

marine, but he never returned home.

On May 22, 1968, his life was cut short.

He was killed when his company was

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attacked with mortars in Vietnam’s

Quang Tri Province.

Private Joshua’s younger sister Judy

recalls getting ready for her high

school graduation when the notifica-

tion officers arrived with news of her

brother’s passing. A day that started as

a celebration of graduation turned into

a day of tragedy as she, her mother,

and her sisters received the news. Still

Judy remembers the screams in shock

and despair.

The Joshua family never got over the

passing of their beloved brother and

son James. Judy’s mom especially

struggled to cope with the loss. She

passed away from a heart attack at age

49, which Judy attributes to the grief

she experienced following the tragic

loss.

Private Joshua was posthumously

awarded a Bronze Star and a Purple

Heart for his courage and his bravery.

His hometown of Gadsden honors his

service at Central-Carver Museum’s

Wall of Honor. He is also honored on

Panel 65E, Line 11, of the Wall of Faces

at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial

here in Washington, DC. Private Josh-

ua gave his country the best years of

his life, a sacrifice we can never fully

repay.

Sadly, his life is not the only in-

stance of years cut short because of

service to our country. Private First

Class Thomas Stagg, known as

Tommy, from Birmingham, AL, was

declared missing in action in 1950 dur-

ing the Korean war. He was 21 years old

at the time. He and 10 other para-

troopers from the U.S. Army 187th Reg-

imental Combat Team were on a patrol

in the Hwanghae Province when they

were overwhelmed by Chinese forces.

All 11 members were declared dead and

missing in action.

Private Stagg received several

awards for his services, including a

Purple Heart and a National Defense

Service Medal.

Private Stagg’s nephew, Colonel

Larry Leonard, was very young when

his family received the news about his

uncle, but he witnessed the toll it took

on his mother who had already lost an-

other brother during World War II.

Colonel Leonard shared that his moth-

er’s dying wish was for her little broth-

er to be found and returned to Bir-

mingham to be buried alongside her

and their parents. Five years ago, Colo-

nel Leonard saw his mother’s wish ful-

filled. Thanks to the help of the De-

fense POW/MIA Accounting Agency or

the DPAA under the Department of De-

fense, Private Stagg’s remains were

identified and returned home for a

proper memorial service in 2017, more

than 67 years after he was declared

missing.

Colonel Leonard says that while Me-

morial Day is a somber day, it is im-

portant to recognize those who

‘‘thought so much of their country

they were willing to give their lives for

it.’’

I know it is estimated more than

81,600 missing American soldiers are

still missing since World War I—81,600

still missing.

Some families are still searching for

answers, like Teresa Schmitt of Hunts-

ville, AL, who was only 8 years old

when her father, U.S. Air Force Tech-

nical Sergeant Elbert Phillips’ airplane

crashed in the Mekong River during

the Vietnam war. Sergeant Phillips’

body was never recovered, but he was

presumed dead and labeled missing in

action.

Teresa was one of six children be-

tween the ages of 4 and 11 who were left

behind. She spoke of the many days

and nights she spent waiting to see if

her father would ever be found and the

heartbreak of growing up knowing that

he would never be present to teach her

how to ride a bike, meet her high

school boyfriends, celebrate her grad-

uation, or walk down the aisle at her

wedding.

Teresa’s mother committed to rais-

ing her children alone, never remarry-

ing in the hopes that her husband

would return. Sergeant Phillips re-

ceived numerous awards for his cour-

age, including the National Defense

Service Medal with one Battle Star and

the Air Force Commendation Medal

with Oak Leaf Cluster. He is honored

at the Huntsville Veterans Memorial in

Alabama and on Panel 46W, Line 52, of

the Wall of Faces at the Vietnam Vet-

erans Memorial here in Washington,

DC.

The Phillips family reminds us of the

ordinary moments we take for granted

and the immense sacrifice of Gold Star

families.

Our military defends us abroad, but

also protects us here right at home

when acts of terror occur on American

soil. That is the story of U.S. Navy

Petty Officer 1st class Marsha Ratch-

ford, a native of Prichard, AL, who was

killed when hijackers crashed Amer-

ican Airlines flight 77 into her office on

the western side of the Pentagon on

September 11, 2001.

She is described by her family as

someone with a huge, huge heart who

was passionate about helping those in

need. The 34-year-old mother left be-

hind a husband and three young chil-

dren ages 11, 8, and 18 months. She was

awarded a Purple Heart for her courage

in the wake of one of the most horrific

days in America’s history.

Officer Ratchford’s son Rodney told

the story of learning about his moth-

er’s passing when he arrived home to

see his father crying as he held the

telephone and recalled him seeing the

Pentagon in flames on television. Rod-

ney described the next day without his

mother like ‘‘waking up in a new

world.’’ His teenage years were met

with the struggles of relocating to be

near loved ones without having his

mother’s loving hand as a guide.

Rodney’s story is another heart-

breaking example of Gold Star children

who faced a childhood they didn’t ask

for but were given as a result of the un-

thinkable sacrifices their loved ones

made for freedom. Their courage is no

doubt a testament to the brave parents

who raised them.

It is impossible to speak of Gold Star

families without mentioning the par-

ents who are robbed of the joy of seeing

their children grow up and have fami-

lies of their own. Danny Jordan from

Elba, AL, is one such Gold Star parent.

Danny’s son, U.S. Army Sergeant

Jason Jordan of the 101st Airborne Di-

vision, was killed in the Iraqi village of

Tallifar on the night of July 20, 2003,

when his humvee was attacked by

rocket-propelled grenades. Even

though it was not required for the 24-

year-old, he chose to go on patrol that

night because he would not ask his

company to do something he wasn’t

willing to do himself.

Because of his service and sacrifice,

Sergeant Jordan earned the Combat In-

fantryman Badge, a Purple Heart, and

a Gold Star. Sergeant Jordan is hon-

ored in Elba at the ‘‘Lest They Be For-

gotten’’ memorial at Veterans Memo-

rial Park in Alba.

Danny describes his son as a natural-

born leader who led by example. He

said Jason was studying chemical engi-

neering prior to his military service

but joined the military because he felt

there was a need. Danny said Jason was

a hard worker who loved his home-

town, his State, and his country. To

cope with his grief, Danny drives the

truck that once belonged to his son.

For fathers like Danny, holding onto

ordinary possessions of their loved ones

helps them feel close even after they

have passed on.

These are the stories of Americans

who gave their lives for freedom’s

cause—mothers, brothers, sisters, and

sons who became heroes to all of us.

There are many, many others who have

made the ultimate sacrifice for all of

us and for our country. These heroes

lived lives of impact, driven by a desire

to serve their country at any cost. We

tell their story to keep their memory

alive and ensure their sacrifices are

never, never forgotten. And as long as

there are brave men and women like

those I’ve mentioned today, we can

continue to sing the national anthem—

not with a question mark, but with a

declaration that we are the ‘‘land of

the free and the home of the brave.’’

As Memorial Day approaches, I hope

we will take the time to honor Amer-

ica’s fallen, along with the brave fami-

lies who they left behind and always

remember that our freedoms were won

by men and women who made the ulti-

mate sacrifice.

I yield the floor.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-

ator from Missouri.

NOMINATION OF DARA LINDENBAUM

Mr. BLUNT. Mr. President, Dara

Lindenbaum is the President’s nominee

to be a Member of the Federal Election

Commission. We are scheduled to vote

on that nomination today.

On April 6, the Committee on Rules

and Administration held a hearing to

consider this nominee. She shared her

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credentials for the job and her under-

standing of the agency’s mission and

the role of a commissioner.

On May 3, she was favorably reported

out of committee. I supported her nom-

ination to be voted out of committee.

The Federal Elections Commission

plays a vital role for Campaign Finance

Committees. As a former Secretary of

State, I work with the FTC on a reg-

ular basis; and since that time, I have

run in many Federal elections. I know

how important a fully functioning FEC

is to Federal candidates who need to

avail themselves of the FEC’s guidance

and advisory opinions. I also know how

important the stability of the agency

is to the regulated community.

While the commissioners to the Fed-

eral Election Commission are, by de-

sign, partisan, it is unlikely that every

Senator will agree with the views of all

nominees. Ms. Lindenbaum has ex-

pressed a willingness to work with the

other commissioners and find con-

sensus to do the important work of the

agency. I am a Republican and Ms.

Lindenbaum is a Democrat. This Com-

mission only works with if there is an

equal number of Republicans and

Democrats.

Sadly, with the three Republican

nominees from the last administration,

the vote on the floor was 49 to 43, 49 to

47, 50 to 46. These should not be par-

tisan nominations. They are partisans

nominated to a partisan job; and,

frankly, we have to do a better job

than 49 to 43, or 49 to 47, or 50 to 46,

which, again, was the vote on the floor

of President Trump’s Republican nomi-

nees who are currently serving.

Ms. Lindenbaum enjoys the support

of a bipartisan group of election law

practitioners. Senator K

LOBUCHAR

and

I received a letter from 30 practitioners

on both sides of the aisle highlighting

Ms. Lindenbaum’s decade of relevant

experience, especially her experience

representing clients on matters of

State and Federal campaign finance

and election laws.

I look forward to supporting her

nomination today. I hope many of my

colleagues will join me in supporting

her. This a commission, one, that

doesn’t work without an equal number

of Republicans and Democrats, and it

doesn’t work if the commission doesn’t

have at least that equal number. Un-

less there are at least four commis-

sioners, the Commission ceases to func-

tion. For too many months of the last

dozen years, we had a Commission that

wasn’t fully functioning, couldn’t

make final decisions, couldn’t issue

opinions. I am looking forward to a six-

member Commission.

I look forward to voting for Ms.

Lindenbaum today when her nomina-

tion comes up early this afternoon.

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.

UJA

). The Senator from Colorado.

SOLAR ENERGY

Mr. BENNET. Mr. President, I am

here today to spend a few minutes on

an issue that is profoundly important

to Colorado and, I would say, to the

Presiding Officer’s State, as well, with-

out being presumptuous, New Mexico,

our neighbor to the south.

In March, the Biden administration

launched an investigation into whether

China is evading solar tariffs. That

may seem fine on its face, but, in re-

ality, it has taken a sledge hammer to

the solar industry in Colorado and all

across the country.

There are over 330 solar companies in

my State. They have created nearly

7,000 jobs and driven close to $5 billion

of investment. Our companies are lead-

ing the Nation. Last year, we nearly

quadrupled our deployment of solar ca-

pacity compared to 2017, and before the

Biden administration’s investigation,

we were projected to double or even tri-

ple that capacity.

Washington should be lifting up Colo-

rado’s success as exactly the kind of

progress we need to achieve net zero

emissions by 2050, which we have to do.

Instead, the Commerce Department’s

investigation is driving our solar in-

dustry out of business, because it could

end with a massive expansion of tariffs

that could drive up costs and cripple

that sector.

Worse, the administration has said

they might even apply these tariffs

retroactively. Think about that. If you

are a solar company in Colorado, you

are already dealing with supply chain

delays, you are already dealing with

labor issues, and you are already deal-

ing with rising prices and continued

uncertainty over the clean energy tax

credit, because this place can’t get its

act together to pass legislation that

can give certainty to American busi-

ness.

And now, on top of all of that, you

face the prospect of your own govern-

ment sending the price of your supplies

through the roof when you need that

least.

Businesses can’t make decisions with

that kind of uncertainty. Investors

hate that level of uncertainty. And

these aren’t talking points. This is the

reality on the ground.

In Colorado, the price of solar panels

is already up 30 to 50 percent, and we

know Colorado families are ultimately

going to bear that cost, and that it is

going to slow our energy transition.

Many of our solar companies have

begun hiring freezes. Some are consid-

ering major layoffs. Construction

workers are losing hundreds of thou-

sands of hours. Investors are pulling

out of major projects. It has put hun-

dreds of millions of dollars and thou-

sands of jobs at risk, which is why I am

here to ring this alarm.

More than 90 percent of solar compa-

nies surveyed in Colorado report ‘‘se-

vere’’ or ‘‘devastating’’ harms to their

businesses from this investigation by

the Commerce Department.

In my State, we have major solar

projects that are frozen in place, and if

this continues, they may never move

forward at all. A lot of these projects

are in rural counties that are counting

on the projects being built for jobs and

tax revenue. This is the last thing they

need from Washington.

A 200-megawatt solar project in

Pueblo was just canceled since the de-

veloper can’t get the components they

need. Another 150-megawatt project in

northern Colorado has been delayed. A

community solar developer told me

they have canceled all of their new

construction for the rest of the year.

Utilities in my State, like United

Power and Tri-State, are ready to sup-

port hundreds of megawatts in new

projects, but our solar companies can’t

submit bids because they don’t have

the certainty to do it.

One 80-megawatt project in Watkins

is demobilized as they wait for solar

panels. A project at Denver Inter-

national Airport is indefinitely de-

layed, and I have heard story after

story like this since this Commerce De-

partment decision to have this inves-

tigation was made.

If you add it all up, this investigation

has put at least 870 megawatts of new

solar capacity at risk in Colorado, and

it has put more than 50 gigawatts at

risk across the entire country. That is

enough to power nearly 10 million

homes.

I cannot understand why the Biden

administration is doing this. You can’t

say, on the one hand, we want to rap-

idly deploy clean energy and then use

the other hand to stick a dagger in

American solar. You can’t say we are

going to fight climate change and then

punch American solar in the gut.

Last year, electricity generation

from coal increased—increased—in this

country for the first time since 2014.

And at the same time that is hap-

pening, now what we are going to say is

that we are going to cut the deploy-

ment of solar panels by a third or by

half, as a result of this?

It is crazy. The administration

should have viewed that alone—the

fact that coal is up for the first time

since 2014—they should have viewed

that alone as a reason to increase our

investments in clean energy, not pur-

sue an investigation that is sabotaging

one of the fastest growing sectors in

Colorado and across the country.

I also don’t understand why the ad-

ministration would do this at this time

when we have to find a way to replace

Russian oil because of what Putin has

done in Ukraine, and we should be re-

placing that with our own oil produc-

tion and with our reserves in this coun-

try.

But you would think that supporting

American solar would be on the top of

the list as one of the best things we can

do to diversify our energy and protect

our security. Instead, the administra-

tion has paralyzed the industry with

this investigation. It is a self-inflicted

wound on America’s clean energy lead-

ership, our energy security, and our

economy at the worst possible mo-

ment.

I have said this before, and I will say

it again. I deeply believe that we need

to restore critical supply chains, not

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just for solar but for so many areas

that are critical to our economy.

I think the era where we told our-

selves the story about why we were

privileging people who wanted to make

stuff as cheaply as possible in China in-

stead of privileging other important

things, like protecting our supply

chains, like protecting our national se-

curity, like having an economy that,

when it grows, grows for everybody,

not just the people at the very top—we

have an incredible opportunity to bring

these supply chains home in order to

do that.

I think reshoring is an essential part

of an economy, as I say, that works for

everybody, not just those at the top,

but that is going to take time, and we

can’t drive people out of business today

when we don’t have that supply chain

in place. Until then, until we do have it

in place, we can’t cripple America’s

solar industry. That can’t be our pol-

icy. That can’t be the right answer.

I am sure if the Biden administration

understood the facts on the ground, it

wouldn’t be doing what it is doing. The

least the administration could do is lift

the uncertainty off the solar industry

by coming out and saying: We are drop-

ping this investigation. In fact, they

should have said: We are going to boost

American solar—that is what we

should be doing—by extending the

clean energy tax credits and giving

businesses certainty over the long

term. On top of that, what we should be

doing is strengthening the credits. And

then we are going to do everything we

can to take every action that we can to

clear the path for American solar de-

ployment—wind and other types of

clean energy—to accelerate our transi-

tion.

That is what they should say. Unlike

this investigation, that would be wel-

come news in Colorado and, I would

say, almost everywhere across the

country.

NOMINATION OF CHARLOTTE N

SWEENEY

Mr. President, I wanted to take a few

minutes to talk about Charlotte

Sweeney, who is President Biden’s

nominee for the U.S. District Court for

the District of Colorado.

For Charlotte, equality under the law

isn’t an abstraction; it is her life’s

work.

A native of Littleton, CO, Charlotte

grew up hiking and skiing with her

family on the Rocky Mountain trails

within an hour of their home. Today,

she hits the same trails with the two

most important people in her life: her

teenagers Jordan and Addison.

As much as Charlotte loves our

State, she also remembers a time when

it wasn’t easy for LGBTQ Coloradans

like herself to be open about who they

were, especially—especially—at work.

It was a time when, instead of leading

the Nation on equality, as we are

today, Colorado actually passed an

amendment that blocked laws to pro-

tect LGBTQ people from discrimina-

tion.

You know, I just want to pause by

saying that, you know, sometimes peo-

ple say ‘‘Well, you can’t make a dif-

ference in this country’’ and ‘‘The de-

mocracy is broken, and you can’t make

progress.’’ But when you see the way

Colorado has made extraordinary

progress, it reminds me that we should

never give up, that change is always

possible.

When the Colorado Supreme Court

declared that amendment unconstitu-

tional that we had passed, Charlotte

saw the power of law to tip the scales

for or against—for or against—equal-

ity, and she decided to spend the rest of

her career on the side of equality.

After graduating summa cum laude

from the University of Denver School

of Law, she joined a small firm that fo-

cused on representing plaintiffs. She

rose to become a partner in just 2

years, and just 2 years after that, she

became a named partner of the firm.

Most people would have been content

with that achievement, but Charlotte,

being Charlotte, kept on going. In 2008,

she started her own firm to represent

people in employment law cases. Over

the last 20 years, Charlotte has become

one of Colorado’s top employment at-

torneys, representing Federal, State,

and private sector workers in virtually

every aspect of employment law.

In one case, she represented her

former law professors at the University

of Denver who had been paid less than

their male colleagues for decades. She

obtained $2.6 million in relief for her

clients on top of their overdue pay

raises.

Sadly, that outcome isn’t the norm

in our country, where our justice sys-

tem too often sides against workers

even when the facts of the case are ac-

tually on their side. That is corrosive

to the American people’s confidence in

the rule of law, and it is why we need

more judges with Charlotte’s perspec-

tive.

Charlotte’s obvious credentials, her

integrity, and her much needed experi-

ence more than qualify her for this

role, and it is why I strongly support

her nomination.

If confirmed, Charlotte would also

become the first openly gay woman to

serve as a Federal judge west of the

Mississippi—a powerful affirmation of

America’s commitment to opportunity

and equality for all and something that

is just long overdue.

So I want to thank the Judiciary

Committee for sending Charlotte, this

exceptional nominee, to the floor, and I

urge Members of both parties to give

her a strong bipartisan vote of con-

firmation.

I yield the floor.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-

ator from Michigan.

NOMINATION OF STEPHANIE DAWKINS DAVIS

Ms. STABENOW. Mr. President, I

rise today in strong support of Judge

Stephanie Davis, who is nominated to

serve on the Sixth Circuit Court of Ap-

peals.

Judge Davis has spent her entire ca-

reer in Michigan, and we are better for

it. Judge Davis began work in the U.S.

Attorney’s Office in the Eastern Dis-

trict of Michigan in 1997. During her

time there, she served in the office’s

civil and criminal divisions. She pros-

ecuted fraud, bank robbery, embezzle-

ment, violent crime, public corruption,

and criminal conspiracies involving

drug trafficking, as well as money

laundering. She oversaw community

and law enforcement initiatives and

led the office’s diversity efforts.

In 2016, Judge Davis became a mag-

istrate judge for the U.S. District for

the Eastern District of Michigan.

In 2019, with the strong support of

both Senator P

ETERS

and myself,

Judge Davis was nominated by Presi-

dent Trump to serve as U.S. district

judge for the Eastern District of Michi-

gan. Her confirmation was bipartisan,

and so was her support in committee

for this Sixth Circuit nomination.

Judge Davis has done an outstanding

job every place she has been serving

the people of Michigan, and I have no

doubt that she will continue her strong

record of public service on the U.S.

court of appeals.

I have had the opportunity to get to

know Judge Davis, and it has really

been a joy. She is not just an ex-

tremely accomplished jurist, she is

also a wonderful person, and those

qualities, no doubt, are needed more

than ever these days. So it is with

great confidence that I urge my col-

leagues to support this wonderful nom-

ination.

Mr. President, I would now ask unan-

imous consent that the Senate recess

until 2:15 as is part of the schedule.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without

objection, it is so ordered.

Ms. STABENOW. I yield the floor.

RECESS

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under

the previous order, the Senate stands

in recess until 2:15 p.m.

Thereupon, the Senate, at 12:26 p.m.,

recessed until 2:15 p.m. and reassem-

bled when called to order by the Pre-

siding Officer (Ms. S

INEMA

EXECUTIVE CALENDAR—Continued

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma-

jority leader.

LEGISLATIVE SESSION

Mr. SCHUMER. Madam President, I

move to proceed to legislative session.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The

question is on agreeing to the motion.

The motion was agreed to.

DOMESTIC TERRORISM PREVEN-

TION ACT OF 2022—MOTION TO

PROCEED

Mr. SCHUMER. Madam President, I

move to proceed to Calendar No. 371,

H.R. 350.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The

clerk will report the motion.

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The senior assistant legislative clerk

read as follows:

Motion to proceed to Calendar No. 371,

H.R. 350, a bill to authorize dedicated domes-

tic terrorism offices within the Department

of Homeland Security, the Department of

Justice, and the Federal Bureau of Investiga-

tion to analyze and monitor domestic ter-

rorist activity and require the Federal Gov-

ernment to take steps to prevent domestic

terrorism.

CLOTURE MOTION

Mr. SCHUMER. I send a cloture mo-

tion to the desk.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clo-

ture motion having been presented

under rule XXII, the Chair directs the

clerk to read the motion.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

read as follows:

LOTURE

OTION

We, the undersigned Senators, in accord-

ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the

Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby

move to bring to a close debate on the mo-

tion to proceed to Calendar No. 371, H.R. 350,

a bill to authorize dedicated domestic ter-

rorism offices within the Department of

Homeland Security, the Department of Jus-

tice, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation

to analyze and monitor domestic terrorist

activity and require the Federal Government

to take steps to prevent domestic terrorism.

Charles E. Schumer, Tim Kaine, Tammy

Duckworth, Richard Blumenthal, Ben

Ray Luja

n, Richard J. Durbin, Eliza-

beth Warren, Christopher Murphy,

Cory A. Booker, Jeanne Shaheen, Rob-

ert P. Casey, Jr., Jack Reed, Benjamin

L. Cardin, Gary C. Peters, Tina Smith,

Brian Schatz, Debbie Stabenow.

EXECUTIVE SESSION

EXECUTIVE CALENDAR

Mr. SCHUMER. Madam President, I

move to proceed to executive session to

consider Calendar No. 923.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The

question is on agreeing to the motion.

The motion was agreed to.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The

clerk will report the nomination.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

read the nomination of Jane Hartley,

of New York, to be Ambassador Ex-

traordinary and Plenipotentiary of the

United States of America to the United

Kingdom of Great Britain and North-

ern Ireland.

CLOTURE MOTION

Mr. SCHUMER. Madam President, I

send a cloture motion to the desk.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clo-

ture motion having been presented

under rule XXII, the Chair directs the

clerk to read the motion.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

read as follows:

LOTURE

OTION

We, the undersigned Senators, in accord-

ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the

Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby

move to bring to a close debate on the nomi-

nation of Executive Calendar No. 923, Jane

Hartley, of New York, to be Ambassador Ex-

traordinary and Plenipotentiary of the

United States of America to the United

Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ire-

land.

Charles E. Schumer, Martin Heinrich,

Tammy Baldwin, Mark Kelly, Debbie

Stabenow, Gary C. Peters, Amy Klo-

buchar, Margaret Wood Hassan, Eliza-

beth Warren, Jack Reed, Alex Padilla,

Maria Cantwell, Tim Kaine, Sherrod

Brown, Robert P. Casey, Jr., Richard J.

Durbin, Jon Ossoff.

Mr. SCHUMER. Finally, I ask unani-

mous consent that the mandatory

quorum calls for the cloture motions

filed today, May 24, be waived.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without

objection, it is so ordered.

Mr. SCHUMER. I yield the floor.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-

ator from Iowa.

Mr. GRASSLEY. Madam President, I

ask unanimous consent that I be able

to finish my remarks before the vote.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without

objection, it is so ordered.

RUSSIA INVESTIGATION

Mr. GRASSLEY. On September 23,

2021, November 30, 2021, and again on

February 15, 2022, I spoke on this floor

about the fake Russia Alfa-Bank nar-

rative. That narrative started in 2016.

It took on a new life when Clinton

campaign lawyer Michael Sussmann

met with FBI General Counsel James

Baker.

In that meeting, Sussmann provided

information and data files that alleg-

edly contained evidence of a secret

communication channel between the

Trump organization and a Russian

bank, Alfa-Bank. The evidence was fab-

ricated by the Clinton campaign. The

allegations about the Trump organiza-

tion being linked with a Russian bank

were false. Of note, Sussmann also pro-

vided Baker information Fusion GPS

gave him as part of their work for the

Clinton campaign. This was an all-

hands-on-deck strategy to destroy the

Trump Presidency and the campaign.

With the ongoing Sussmann trial

now underway here in DC, the false

Alfa-Bank narrative is more relevant

now than ever before. I want to tell

you why.

A mere several days after the meet-

ing with James Baker, the FBI opened

a full investigation on September 23,

2016. Around that time, an FBI agent

working on cyber matters reviewed the

information provided by Sussmann.

That agent said:

We did not agree with the conclusion . . .

that this represented a secret communica-

tion channel.

He also stated that ‘‘whoever had

written that paper had jumped to some

conclusions that were not supported by

the data’’ and that ‘‘the methodology

they chose was questionable to me.’’

Here is the kicker:

I did not feel that they were objective in

the conclusions that they came to. The as-

sumption that you would have to make was

so far-reaching that it just didn’t make

sense.

So last Friday, in a courtroom,

Robby Mook, Hillary Clinton’s cam-

paign manager, testified that Hillary

Clinton was asked about the plan to

share this fake information with the

media. Hillary Clinton approved that

plan. Jake Sullivan was involved in

that decision as well. He is, of course,

as we know, President Biden’s National

Security Advisor.

The Clinton campaign fabricated evi-

dence trying to connect Trump to Rus-

sia. They fed it to the media to start a

yearslong wildfire of false allegations.

They fed it to the FBI to trigger a Fed-

eral investigation into their opposing

candidate.

I said it before and will say it again:

The Clinton campaign was the con-

spiracy, and it was a big bag of dirty

tricks.

This false Alfa-Bank information

eventually landed with the media out-

let Slate, which ran an article on Octo-

ber 31, 2016. After that article, Sul-

livan, the now National Security Advi-

sor, issued his now-infamous tweet:

‘‘This could be the most direct link yet

between Donald Trump and Moscow.’’

Hillary Clinton also tweeted: ‘‘Com-

puter scientists have apparently uncov-

ered a covert server linking the Trump

Organization to a Russian-based

bank.’’

Now, they weren’t the only ones

pleased with this fake news. On Octo-

ber 13, 2020, Senator J

OHNSON

and I

wrote a letter to the FBI where we

made public texts between Andrew

McCabe and Lisa Page.

Page says to McCabe:

And the Alfa-Bank story is in Slate.

McCabe’s reply:

Awesome.

The FBI’s excitement didn’t end

there. This week, Durham’s prosecu-

tors introduced a message between FBI

agents that said:

People on the 7th floor to include Director

are fired up about this server.

Now, they—meaning the FBI seventh

floor people—were ‘‘fired up’’ about

fake information, which is just ter-

rible. The FBI’s job is really to get

fired up about fake information? It is

more than that, however; it is a gut-

wrenching attack on our system of

government.

Now, there is another data point that

I want to share. Durham recently re-

leased notes from a March 6, 2017,

meeting between the Justice Depart-

ment and FBI officials. In that meet-

ing, they discussed predication and

Crossfire Hurricane issues. This meet-

ing was 2 weeks before then-Director

Comey publicly announced his inves-

tigation into Trump.

On that very day, March 6, 2017, I

wrote a letter to Comey asking ques-

tions about the Steele dossier. My

press release for that letter is titled

‘‘FBI plan to pay ex-spy for Trump

intel during campaign sparks questions

of Obama administration’s use of fed-

eral authorities for political gain.’’

That was from March 6, 2017. Now, in

May of 2022, that title just about sums

up Crossfire Hurricane as best as it can

be described.

Now, in closing, I would like to make

a few notes with respect to predication.

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---

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATES2648 May 24, 2022

The September 23, 2016, FBI elec-

tronic communication opened a full in-

vestigation into the Alfa-Bank allega-

tions, but let’s unpack the first few

lines from that document.

The FBI received a referral of information

from the US Department of Justice.

The Department of Justice provided the

FBI with a white paper that was produced by

an anonymous third party.

Well, the information didn’t come

from the Department of Justice; it

came from Sussmann and the Clinton

campaign—hardly an anonymous third

party since Sussmann himself showed

up at the door. By wording it this way,

the document almost blesses this so-

called white paper. Mind you, the white

paper is the false Alfa-Bank informa-

tion. By the looks of it, this FBI docu-

ment contains false information.

I fear these recent developments are

just the tip of the iceberg. The FBI’s

exposure to false information and actu-

ally using that false information for in-

vestigative purposes wreaks of a polit-

ical vendetta. It points to a ‘‘get

Trump at all costs’’ attitude.

Whether Sussmann is convicted or

not, the evidence introduced by Dur-

ham shows serious government mis-

conduct—misconduct by the Federal

Government of the United States of

America. Special Counsel Durham

can’t let government misconduct go

unpunished.

I yield the floor.

EXECUTIVE CALENDAR

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The

clerk will report the Davis nomination.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

read the nomination of Stephanie

Dawkins Davis, of Michigan, to be

United States Circuit Judge for the

Sixth Circuit.

VOTE ON DAVIS NOMINATION

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under

the previous order, all postcloture time

has expired.

The question is, Will the Senate ad-

vise and consent to the Davis nomina-

tion?

Mr. BROWN. Madam President, I ask

for the yeas and nays.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a

sufficient second?

There appears to be a sufficient sec-

ond.

The clerk will call the roll.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

called the roll.

Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the

Senator from Oregon (Mr. M

ERKLEY

the Senator from Washington (Mrs.

URRAY

), and the Senator from Mary-

land (Mr. V

OLLEN

) are necessarily

absent.

Mr. THUNE. The following Senators

are necessarily absent: the Senator

from Arkansas (Mr. B

OOZMAN

), the Sen-

ator from Oklahoma (Mr. I

NHOFE

), the

Senator from Alaska (Ms. M

URKOWSKI

the Senator from Florida (Mr. R

UBIO

and the Senator from Pennsylvania

(Mr. T

OOMEY

Further, if present and voting, the

Senator from Arkansas (Mr. B

OOZMAN

)

would have voted ‘‘nay’’ and the Sen-

ator from Oklahoma (Mr. I

NHOFE

)

would have voted ‘‘nay.’’

The result was announced—yeas 49,

nays 43, as follows:

[Rollcall Vote No. 194 Ex.]

YEAS—49

Baldwin

Bennet

Blumenthal

Booker

Brown

Cantwell

Cardin

Carper

Casey

Collins

Coons

Cortez Masto

Duckworth

Durbin

Feinstein

Gillibrand

Graham

Hassan

Heinrich

Hickenlooper

Hirono

Kaine

Kelly

King

Klobuchar

Leahy

Luja

Manchin

Markey

Menendez

Murphy

Ossoff

Padilla

Peters

Reed

Rosen

Sanders

Schatz

Schumer

Shaheen

Sinema

Smith

Stabenow

Tester

Warner

Warnock

Warren

Whitehouse

Wyden

NAYS—43

Barrasso

Blackburn

Blunt

Braun

Burr

Capito

Cassidy

Cornyn

Cotton

Cramer

Crapo

Cruz

Daines

Ernst

Fischer

Grassley

Hagerty

Hawley

Hoeven

Hyde-Smith

Johnson

Kennedy

Lankford

Lee

Lummis

Marshall

McConnell

Moran

Paul

Portman

Risch

Romney

Rounds

Sasse

Scott (FL)

Scott (SC)

Shelby

Sullivan

Thune

Tillis

Tuberville

Wicker

Young

NOT VOTING—8

Boozman

Inhofe

Merkley

Murkowski

Murray

Rubio

Toomey

Van Hollen

The nomination was confirmed.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under

the previous order, the motion to re-

consider is considered made and laid

upon the table, and the President will

be immediately notified of the Senate’s

action.

CLOTURE MOTION

Pursuant to rule XXII, the Chair lays

before the Senate the pending cloture

motion, which the clerk will state.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

read as follows:

LOTURE

OTION

We, the undersigned Senators, in accord-

ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the

Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby

move to bring to a close debate on the nomi-

nation of Executive Calendar No. 896, Dara

Lindenbaum, of Virginia, to be a Member of

the Federal Election Commission for a term

expiring April 30, 2027.

Charles E. Schumer, Christopher Mur-

phy, Tina Smith, Robert Menendez,

Christopher A. Coons, Michael F. Ben-

net, Robert P. Casey, Jr., Benjamin L.

Cardin, Elizabeth Warren, Tim Kaine,

Patty Murray, Jack Reed, Sheldon

Whitehouse, Tammy Duckworth,

Debbie Stabenow, Edward J. Markey,

The PRESIDING OFFICER. By unan-

imous consent, the mandatory quorum

call has been waived.

The question is, Is it the sense of the

Senate that debate on the nomination

of Dara Lindenbaum, of Virginia, to be

a Member of the Federal Election Com-

mission for a term expiring April 30,

2027, shall be brought to a close?

The yeas and nays are mandatory

under the rule.

The clerk will call the roll.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

called the roll.

Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the

Senator from Oregon (Mr. M

ERKLEY

the Senator from Washington (Mrs.

URRAY

), and the Senator from Mary-

land (Mr. V

OLLEN

), are necessarily

absent.

Mr. THUNE. The following Senators

are necessarily absent: the Senator

from Arkansas (Mr. B

OOZMAN

), the Sen-

ator from Alaska (Ms. M

URKOWSKI

), the

Senator from Florida (Mr. R

UBIO

), and

the Senator from Pennsylvania (Mr.

OOMEY

Further, if present and voting, the

Senator from Arkansas (Mr. B

OOZMAN

)

would have voted ‘‘nay.’’

The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 54,

nays 39, as follows:

[Rollcall Vote No. 195 Ex.]

YEAS—54

Baldwin

Bennet

Blumenthal

Blunt

Booker

Brown

Cantwell

Cardin

Carper

Casey

Collins

Coons

Cornyn

Cortez Masto

Duckworth

Durbin

Feinstein

Gillibrand

Graham

Hassan

Heinrich

Hickenlooper

Hirono

Kaine

Kelly

King

Klobuchar

Leahy

Luja

Manchin

Markey

McConnell

Menendez

Murphy

Ossoff

Padilla

Peters

Portman

Reed

Rosen

Rounds

Sanders

Schatz

Schumer

Shaheen

Sinema

Smith

Stabenow

Tester

Warner

Warnock

Warren

Whitehouse

Wyden

NAYS—39

Barrasso

Blackburn

Braun

Burr

Capito

Cassidy

Cotton

Cramer

Crapo

Cruz

Daines

Ernst

Fischer

Grassley

Hagerty

Hawley

Hoeven

Hyde-Smith

Inhofe

Johnson

Kennedy

Lankford

Lee

Lummis

Marshall

Moran

Paul

Risch

Romney

Sasse

Scott (FL)

Scott (SC)

Shelby

Sullivan

Thune

Tillis

Tuberville

Wicker

Young

NOT VOTING—7

Boozman

Merkley

Murkowski

Murray

Rubio

Toomey

Van Hollen

The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this

vote, the yeas are 54, the nays are 39.

The motion is agreed to.

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. M

PHY

). The Senator from Massachusetts.

ORDER OF PROCEDURE

Mr. MARKEY. Mr. President, I ask

unanimous consent that at 6 p.m.

today, the Senate vote on confirmation

of the Lindenbaum nomination and the

cloture motions on the Padin,

Sweeney, and Morrison nominations;

and that if cloture is invoked on any of

those nominations, all postcloture

time be considered expired and the

Senate vote on confirmation of the

nominations at a time to be deter-

mined by the majority leader or his

designee, following consultation with

the Republican leader.

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2649 May 24, 2022

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without

objection, it is so ordered.

NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION

Mr. MARKEY. Mr. President, what is

the current threat of nuclear annihila-

tion?

The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists’

Doomsday Clock measures how close

humanity and the planet is to destruc-

tion. The answer is: 100 seconds. That

is tied for the closest we have ever been

to planetary ruin since the clock start-

ed in 1947.

Recent nuclear events are likely to

turn the dial even further. The size, di-

versity, and lethality of North Korea’s

weapons continue to grow, as does its

threat to our allies in the region.

North Korea’s Kim Jong Un has fired

more than a dozen missiles this year.

Preparations are being made for an-

other nuclear test.

Iran is just weeks away from acquir-

ing a nuclear weapon, the tragic con-

sequence of Donald Trump blowing up

the Iran nuclear deal that President

Biden is now trying to stitch back to-

gether.

In Xinjiang, the same province where

China has constructed forced labor

camps, more than 100 domes, likely

housing missile silos, dot the land-

scape. The Pentagon says these sites

are part of the evidence behind China’s

quest to double its nuclear forces in

the next 5 years.

Belarus’s authoritarian leader

Lukashenka has made a deal with the

devil, Vladimir Putin, to stay in power.

Part of the price for Putin’s lifeline

was a demand that Lukashenka amend

the Belarus Constitution to allow for

the placement of Russian nuclear

weapons on its territory, further taunt-

ing Ukraine and all of Europe with ex-

istential ruin.

European leaders are readying the

distribution of iodine tablets in the

event of mushroom cloud drifts over-

head. The continent’s residents are

building fallout shelters right now.

It should come as no surprise then

that in a recent poll, 70 percent of

Americans said they fear that Putin

will use nuclear weapons in the war in

Ukraine. These global fears are well-

founded. We fought over the course of

decades to make nuclear weapons

taboo, but they are making a big come-

back. In January, the five nuclear

weapons States of the Nonproliferation

Treaty affirmed that ‘‘a nuclear war

can never be won and must never be

fought.’’ But actions speak louder than

words, and the actions of Russia in

Ukraine, the hundreds of missile silos

taking form in China, and the $51 bil-

lion the United States is set to spend

on nuclear weapons this year alone tell

us that nuclear weapons are still very

much in vogue.

The Doomsday Clock was created at

the start of the nuclear age, and in the

past 75 years, the minute hand has

fluctuated. It has inched closer to mid-

night with the Soviet Union’s first nu-

clear weapons test, India’s ‘‘Smiling

Buddha’’ test, and more recently,

President Trump’s threats of ‘‘fire and

fury’’ against Kim Jong Un.

When the destructive power of nu-

clear weapons has been curbed, the

clock has receded from midnight. Ken-

nedy and Khrushchev answered the

Cuban Missile Crisis by banning atmos-

pheric and undersea nuclear tests;

Bush and Gorbachev retired thousands

of nuclear weapons made obsolete by

the fall of the Iron Curtain; and Obama

locked down nuclear material around

the globe, keeping it out of the hands

of terrorists.

I fear that we are seeing echoes of

the darkest days of the Cold War—a

time marked by fear and distrust of an

adversary’s true intentions; a time

when the gold-plated defense establish-

ment plowed ahead with new capabili-

ties without any consideration of how

proliferation begets proliferation; a

time when the myth of a ‘‘bomber and

missile gap’’ with the former Soviet

Union spurred an arms race that

brought us to the brink.

Thankfully, President Biden has

taken some steps to crank the minute

hand back from midnight. While

Trump was intent on dissolving the

New START treaty with Russia, Presi-

dent Biden saved it in his first days in

office. The treaty’s value, especially in

the context of Russia’s war in Ukraine,

cannot be overstated. The treaty puts

our eyes on Russia’s strategic forces so

we can be confident in distinguishing

between Putin’s nuclear bluster and ac-

tions that should legitimately raise the

alarm.

But the New START treaty is not

enough. Putin’s provocations about nu-

clear escalation, coupled with his bran-

dishing of battlefield nuclear weapons,

highlight our need to negotiate new

systems into a future treaty or agree-

ment with Russia. Putin’s invasion of

Ukraine threw a wrench into progress

in the U.S.-Russia strategic dialogue,

but when the moment arrives, we need

to restart these discussions, and we

need to be bold.

The use of nuclear weapons as coer-

cive tools means it is essential that we

do not welcome any new members to

the nuclear weapons club. President

Trump failed us by creating a mine-

field of obstacles against cleanly reen-

tering the Iran nuclear deal, but Presi-

dent Biden knows that the alternative

to reentry is far worse: We will see

more enrichment, more proxy attacks,

and risk a direct war with Iran versus

the United States.

We must also hold our partners to

the same verification standard as we

hold Iran. Saudi Arabia must come

clean about its illicit nuclear and mis-

sile cooperation with China. We should

insist that Saudi Arabia adopt the Ad-

ditional Protocol to its International

Atomic Energy Agency Comprehensive

Safeguards Agreement so that we can

be sure that any future nuclear pro-

gram turns out peaceful megawatts,

not megatons; so that it is an elec-

tricity program and not a nuclear

weapons program.

Kim Jong Un’s recent missile

launches show that we ignore the

North Korean leader at our own risk.

In consultation with our allies, we need

to break the endless cycle we have

seen: a provocation from the North,

followed by sanctions, then another

provocation, sparking a fresh round of

sanctions. Our policy is stuck in an

endless loop of nuclear Groundhog Day.

It is time to concede that a leader like

Kim Jong Un, who is willing to divert

resources away from his starving peo-

ple in order to strengthen his weapons

of mass destruction program, cannot be

coerced to disarm by piling on sanc-

tions alone. While the denuclearization

of North Korea is a worthy long-term

goal, we have to humble ourselves to

pursue the art of the possible—incre-

mental steps that reduce the threat of

war on the Korean Peninsula.

In facing all of these challenges, we

cannot continue to preach temperance

from a barstool. As the leader of the

only country to have used nuclear

weapons in a conflict, we can’t afford

to take a back seat when it comes to

reducing nuclear risks. The President

must use his position to send the mes-

sage that responsible nuclear weapons

powers don’t roll out new weapons sys-

tems in military parades; they sit down

in good-faith negotiations to reduce

the sizes and uses of their nuclear de-

terrents—and that must include China.

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has set

back the nonproliferation regime, but

it also creates an opportunity for

President Biden to challenge China’s

Xi to join him in reassuring a rattled

world that firing on nuclear reactors is

off limits, that threatening countries

with existential weapons is unaccept-

able, and to show the world that the in-

evitability of a ‘‘Sputnik moment’’

with China does not have to come to

pass. Our two countries may disagree

on a lot, but we can embrace the orga-

nizing principle that the only way to

win an arms race is not to run in one.

For instance, we are concerned about

China’s development of maneuverable

hypersonic systems and its plans to ex-

pand its ICBM force, but Pentagon

leaders admit that Beijing’s concerns

about advances in U.S. missile defenses

are partly the impetus for that build-

up. We are concerned that China may

be drifting away from its no-first-use

doctrine, but both the United States

and Russia explicitly allow for the use

of nuclear weapons in response to a

nonnuclear attack. We fear that China

may use new civilian nuclear reactors

to churn out massive amounts of sepa-

rated plutonium for bombs, but other

countries in the region also have the

capacity to divert fissile material from

a peaceful to a nonpeaceful program.

If President Biden can get Xi to the

negotiating table, we have a chance to

shape an alternative future to the inev-

itable doom that the Pentagon has

previewed—one that does not see the

United States and China joining Russia

in pursuit of new innovative, more le-

thal ways to kill one another; one that

instead negotiates near-term con-

fidence-building measures to reduce

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATES2650 May 24, 2022

nuclear risks with China and that can

ultimately lead to the conclusion of

formal arms control agreements be-

tween our countries. The United States

cannot do it alone, but we can break

the cycle of nuclear escalation and se-

cure a future wherein the fate of mil-

lions no longer hangs on the whims and

judgments of fallible leaders or the

military-industrial complex.

We need President Biden to outline

that bold action plan that draws inspi-

ration from our better angels, not from

the unhinged policies of nuclear weap-

ons overkill that Stanley Kubrick lam-

pooned in ‘‘Dr. Strangelove.’’

In my book ‘‘Nuclear Peril: The Poli-

tics of Proliferation,’’ written in 1983, I

wrote:

Nuclear proliferation is a problem too long

ignored. Now, before it is too late, the public

must draw the line. The stakes are too high.

The public clearly understands that

the stakes for our planet have never

been higher, but it is not too late, not

yet. Once the clock hits midnight,

though, our time is up. It is time for

action, not rhetoric. This issue is one

that can no longer be ignored.

I yield the floor.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-

ator from Tennessee.

BIDEN ADMINISTRATION

Mrs. BLACKBURN. Mr. President,

the Biden administration has made a

name for itself in attacking the very

institutions that they were sworn to

protect. If you look at what is hap-

pening outside Washington right now,

you can see the ripple effects of this in-

stitutional sabotage. There is inflation;

there are shortages; there is crime; and

there are drugs flooding our commu-

nities.

This weekend, I was chatting with

one of my politically independent-

minded friends back home, and here is

what she told me.

She said:

Everything the Democrats are doing is

making my life harder. It makes things

worse.

Last Tuesday, I held a telephone

townhall with a few thousand Ten-

nesseans, and they told me the same

thing.

I spoke to a dad from Chattanooga,

and something he said really struck

me. He was telling me about how wor-

ried he was about his children’s fu-

tures. He said the only common thread

he can see tying all of this together is

suffering.

Think about that. Here is a dad—a

dad—who is looking at the actions of

the Democrat-controlled House, Sen-

ate, and White House, and to him, he is

perceiving the intent as being to inflict

suffering.

He asked me what the goal was of all

of this—referring, of course, to Biden’s

agenda. He couldn’t figure it out, and I

really don’t blame him. No reasonable

person can look at what the Biden ad-

ministration has done and say that

they feel like the administration has

our best interests at heart or that they

have a vision for the future of the

country. What they do have is an agen-

da, a ‘‘to do’’ list, and it seems some-

times they struggle with that.

To Tennesseans, this government,

under this administration, with this

leadership, is all broken. It is broken.

Nowhere has this been more pro-

nounced than in President Biden’s re-

fusal to support law enforcement, both

down on the border and in our local

communities.

Since day one, the President has

done everything in his power to sabo-

tage the tens of thousands of people

the Department of Homeland Security

employs to secure the homeland. He

has done this knowing full well that

international criminal organizations,

terrorists, and cartels are taking ad-

vantage of his lack of action. In fact,

business has never been better for the

drug dealers and the human traf-

fickers. At times, they are raking in as

much as $100 million a week. That is

right. Who is profiting? It is the cartels

that are pushing drugs, that are push-

ing fentanyl, that are pushing gangs,

that are pushing sex trafficking; the

cartels that have turned themselves

into global organizations, bringing in

people last year from 160 different

countries to our southern border. To do

what? It is to enter illegally, to claim

asylum, to ask the U.S. taxpayer to

finish the journey for them to wherever

they are wanting to go. This is what

the people are seeing.

Now take a look at what is hap-

pening in our own backyard, if you

will. In 2021, almost 108,000 Americans

died from drug overdoses. About 4,000

of these were Tennesseans—all tragic

losses. Law enforcement in Benton

County, TN, told me recently that

about 80 percent of the drugs they seize

contain fentanyl, which, as we all

know, is deadly even in very small

amounts. Ask any law enforcement of-

ficer where these drugs are coming

from, and they will tell you that the

majority of this is coming across the

southern border. The cartel mules are

smuggling it right across that border.

Our Border Patrol is overworked;

they are underfunded; they are under-

staffed; they are working overtime.

They are doing their best, but they

can’t get it all. They look at the sur-

veillance cameras. They see the ‘‘got-

aways.’’ They know that they are com-

ing.

If the Biden administration abandons

their title 42 authority at some point

in the future, it is going to get worse.

We will have the equivalent of the pop-

ulation of a small town in Tennessee

coming right across that border.

In Tennessee, we have got 345 towns,

and 90 percent of those are 18,000 in

population or fewer. When you look at

Connecticut, you have got 215 towns,

and 87 percent of those are—you have

got it—18,000 or fewer in population. If

you look at the State of Maryland,

there are 536 towns, and 458 of those are

18,000 or fewer in population. That is

85.4 percent. Now think about that

number of people crossing the border

every single day, and all that the traf-

fickers—the drug traffickers, the

human traffickers—and all of the gangs

have to do is blend in. Come on in.

I would like to say, until the Biden

administration wises up and secures

the border, every town will be a border

town, and every State will be a border

State.

The problems associated with drugs

and criminal activity don’t stay in New

Mexico or Arizona or Texas or Cali-

fornia. They bleed into the rest of the

country and into the hands of local law

enforcement. They have enough to be

dealing with.

Here are some stats for you. In 2021,

homicides in U.S. cities reached a near-

record high. The number of law en-

forcement officers intentionally killed

on the job was the highest since 9/11,

and ambush-style attacks on police in-

creased 115 percent.

Meanwhile, earlier this year, the

Biden administration floated the idea

of using yet another Executive order to

limit law enforcement’s access to re-

sources and Federal grant money. Be-

tween the ‘‘defund the police’’ move-

ment and this halfhearted support from

their President, it is no wonder that

law enforcement officers are resigning

or quitting or retiring in record num-

bers.

I would ask the President and Sec-

retary Mayorkas and my Democratic

colleagues to listen to what those who

have sworn to protect and serve are

telling them, because they know what

the Biden administration needs to do.

This administration would be well-

served to keep title 42 until we have a

plan to replace it. Embrace the ‘‘Re-

main in Mexico’’ policy and do what

law enforcement has asked for decades:

build a wall. They need that barrier.

Give them technology, better tech-

nology, and more officers and agents.

That is what they need. They continue

to ask for it. Give them what they need

to do their job to protect this country.

As it stands, Democrats have aban-

doned Border Patrol, abandoned local

law enforcement, and according to my

friends in Tennessee, they have aban-

doned we, the people. And the people

are losing faith. They look at the

White House and they have no idea who

is in charge. They don’t see their con-

cern for the future reflected in the ac-

tions of the President or his staff who

repeatedly corrects him. They don’t see

a vision for America. All they see is a

to-do list, an agenda, that will fail

them over and over again because it

leads to more government control and

less freedom for we, the people.

I yield the floor.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-

ator from Maryland.

INFRASTRUCTURE

Mr. CARDIN. Mr. President, yester-

day, I was in Southern Maryland at the

Thomas Johnson Bridge. This bridge

was built in the 1970s. It connects St.

Mary’s County with Calvert County.

There are critical facilities that are lo-

cated in this region. I say that because

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this is an evacuation route. We have

Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant. We

have Pax River. We have the Cove

Point LNG facilities.

When it was built, a few thousand

cars traversed the bridge on a daily

basis. Now over 30,000 cars trasverse

this bridge. It is not safe. It is a two-

lane bridge, and it needs to be replaced.

Major accidents occur on a regular

basis, causing incredible congestion, as

well as risking people’s health.

I was there at the invitation of Sen-

ator V

OLLEN

. He could not make it

physically to be there, but he helped

arrange for a congressional earmark to

help advance the replacement of this

bridge.

I say that because we need to deal

with traffic safety in this country, and

replacing unsafe bridges is just one

part of that program.

The National Highway Traffic Safety

Administration’s 2021 fatality report

was just recently released, and the

numbers are shocking. Nearly 43,000

people lost their lives on our highways

in 2021. This is the highest number

since 2005. We are moving in the wrong

direction on traffic safety. It is the

largest increase in fatalities since we

have been keeping the records since

1975.

Pedestrians and bicyclists, nearly

7,500 lost their lives in 2021. And if you

look at the deaths between 2010 and

2019, 53,435 people, pedestrians, were

killed as a result of traffic accidents.

The impact is disproportionate in com-

munities of color.

In its report, Dangerous by Design,

Smart Growth America found that

‘‘older adults, people of color, and peo-

ple walking in low-income commu-

nities are disproportionately rep-

resented in fatal crashes involving peo-

ple walking—even after controlling for

differences in population size and walk-

ing rates. The fatality rate in the low-

est income neighborhoods was nearly

twice that of the middle income census

tracts . . . and almost three times that

of higher-income neighborhoods.’’

If you have had a friend or a family

member killed or injured by a roadway

collision, then the issue of safety is a

personal one. The reality of the situa-

tion, however, is that this is an issue

that affects all of us. All safety inci-

dents cause delays and congestion on

our roads, and these delays are disrup-

tive. They make us late to pick up our

kids from daycare. We miss important

meetings. Our levels of anxiety rise as

we sit in traffic frustrated as our cars

burn fuel in stop-and-go traffic, send-

ing excess pollution into the air we

breathe. All of this hurts our wallets,

our health, and our sense of well-being.

With new data sources and analytical

tools, the Center for Advanced Trans-

portation Technology, ‘‘the CATT

Lab,’’ at the University of Maryland

has been able to quantitate some of the

other impacts. Using numbers the

CATT Lab analysts consider as con-

servative for the value of time placed

on commercial vehicles and the trav-

eling public, they found that there

were nearly $8 billion in user-delay

costs due to safety incidents on Na-

tional Highway System roadways in

2019. Safety-related incidents ac-

counted for over 18 percent of all con-

gestion and over 300 million vehicle

hours of delay. And this is just on our

National Highway System, not our

local roads.

Imagine if we could get back those

300 million hours of time to be with our

families, to be more productive at

work, to be more creative, and to live

happier lives. Imagine if we could get

back the $8 billion. This is something

that is obviously of concern to every-

one. The worst thing that we could do

at this critical moment is to be com-

placent, to shrug our shoulders and say

this is just the price we pay to have

cars and the so-called freedom that our

cars provide.

For those who have lost a loved one

to a collision, this is an unacceptable

price, and it should be unacceptable to

all of us because we can do better and

we must do better.

I applaud the Biden administration

and the Department of Transportation

for putting forth a National Roadway

Safety Strategy earlier this year that

adopts a long-term goal of zero road-

way fatalities. The plan takes a com-

prehensive look at safety and all the

pieces needed to help us tackle this

challenge, from safer drivers to safer

vehicles to more effective after-crash

care. All these components are nec-

essary. Today, however, I just want to

focus on our roads.

Yes, we need individual drivers to do

their part: to slow down, stay focused,

to be alert. Yes, we need new tech-

nologies for safer vehicles. This is true,

but it is not enough. What we need now

more urgently than ever is better in-

frastructure and safer roadways.

Therefore, fixing this problem is not

about halting construction; it is about

building.

We need the infrastructure but the

kind of infrastructure that will provide

safety. We need better sidewalks, bet-

ter bike paths, and better intersec-

tions. In many places, we need to re-

move the vast expanses of pavement

that have for so long facilitated speed-

ing and restore the network of neigh-

borhood streets that facilitate connec-

tions and support communities and

children.

This is the infrastructure that will be

better for businesses too. Many com-

munities have found that small busi-

nesses aren’t helped by roads that

make it easier for cars to speed right

by. They are helped by safe places for

customers and employees to walk

around and spend time. We need the in-

frastructure, but we need the right

kind of infrastructure.

This year, we have a historic oppor-

tunity to change course and invest in

infrastructure we need for stronger

communities and safer roadways

through the Bipartisan Infrastructure

Law, but we have to be deliberate and

determined in seizing this opportunity.

I was proud to be part of the Environ-

ment and Public Works Committee. I

chair the Infrastructure Sub-

committee. We worked together,

Democrats and Republicans, to produce

a bipartisan surface transportation

bill, a bipartisan WRDA bill—Water

Resources Development Act. They were

incorporated into the bipartisan infra-

structure package. I am proud of that

work.

The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law

provides several new policy tools and

funding to help us address safety on

our roads. I would like to highlight

three important programs in the infra-

structure law that will play a vital role

in helping us to change course.

First, the Bipartisan Infrastructure

Law provides $15.6 billion for the High-

way Safety Improvement Program,

which is one of our longstanding for-

mula programs whose purpose in stat-

ute is to ‘‘achieve a significant reduc-

tion in traffic fatalities and serious in-

juries on all public roads.’’ These are

formula funds that go to our States.

With the enactment of the infra-

structure law, the Highway Safety Im-

provement Program will now incor-

porate a consideration of a safe sys-

tems approach, which aims to protect

vulnerable road users from the start,

from the designing of our roads.

A consortium the Johns Hopkins

Center for Injury Research Policy con-

vened has highlighted the importance

of a safe system approach based on a

wealth of evidence-based research.

Their report said that a safe systems

approach ‘‘begins with a commitment

to eliminate fatalities and serious inju-

ries among all road users, and uses

thoughtful road and vehicle design to

minimize crashes that occur when peo-

ple make mistakes and to reduce crash

forces so that people are less likely to

be injured when crashes occur. By de-

signing safety into the road system,

deaths and serious injuries are engi-

neered out.’’ That is what the report

pointed out.

Here again, the message is clear—we

cannot simply wait for all drivers to be

error-free. We need to design and build

better roadways.

Under the new and improved High-

way Safety Improvement Program that

the bipartisan infrastructure bill will

deliver, every State is required to com-

plete a vulnerable road user safety as-

sessment to study where and when fa-

talities and serious injuries are occur-

ring, including a demographic break-

down to ensure equity considerations

are incorporated. States must identify

projects and strategies to reduce the

risks to pedestrians and cyclists.

States in which vulnerable users rep-

resent 15 percent or more of all road-

way fatalities must spend 15 percent of

their Federal Highway Safety Improve-

ment Program dollars on vulnerable

user safety.

Based on 2016 to 2018 fatality rates, 28

States would have to spend at least

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$200 million on improvements like side-

walks, bike lanes, crosswalks, and oth-

ers. This is a major step forward to fac-

ing up to the problem and taking ac-

tion to address it.

The second issue in the Bipartisan

Infrastructure Practice I want to talk

about is a major expansion of the

Transportation Alternatives Program.

I am particularly proud about this pro-

gram. I authored this program origi-

nally with Senator Cochran but later

with Senator W

ICKER

. The two of us

have worked together to connect com-

munities together through pedestrian

and bicycle paths so that pedestrians

don’t have to be on highways in order

to get around their community.

Transportation Alternatives is such a

critical program because it supports

priorities local communities identify

for projects to make roads safer and

more accessible. This is one of the few

programs where our local governments

make the determinations.

Transportation Alternatives have

funded projects that have improved the

quality of life in all kinds of commu-

nities across the country in every con-

gressional district, and in big cities

and in rural areas. The infrastructure

law increases funding for the Transpor-

tation Alternatives to 10 percent of the

Surface Transportation Block Grant

Program, which amounts to $7.2 billion

over 5 years. The infrastructure law

also specifies that projects under the

Safe Routes to School Program are an

eligible use for funds under the Trans-

portation Alternatives Program.

Safe Routes Partnership is an organi-

zation that has worked with us on the

Transportation Alternatives Program.

It has helped governments implement

Safe Routes to School initiatives to

make it safer, more convenient, and

fun for children to walk and bicycle to

school.

In Montgomery County, Maryland,

crashes involving people walking or

biking near schools decreased by 25 to

42 percent after Safe Routes to School

efforts provided engineering improve-

ments, like better crosswalks and

signs. And by providing the oppor-

tunity to walk and bike to school, we

can improve safety and promote health

and physical activity. Through initia-

tives like Safe Routes to School, the

Transportation Alternatives Program

is poised to make a major contribution

to delivering on local demands to be-

come more walkable, more bike friend-

ly, and safer for all road users.

Now, the third program I wanted to

highlight from the infrastructure law

is Reconnecting Communities, which

will deliver $1 billion to address an out-

standing equity challenge related to

our transportation infrastructure. We

held a hearing about the need for this

program last year in the Transpor-

tation and Infrastructure Sub-

committee.

The building of our national highway

system from the 1950s was, in many

ways, a great national achievement, a

major public investment in our infra-

structure that transformed our country

and that we continue to rely on today;

but for far too many communities, es-

pecially communities of color, ethnic

communities, and urban centers, the

construction of our highways had trau-

matic and destructive impacts. Rather

than connecting their communities and

expanding their opportunities, highway

construction brought demolition, dis-

placement, isolation, and exclusion. I

consider it a major achievement that

we finally will have a Federal program

focused on addressing this harmful leg-

acy.

My own city of Baltimore struggles

with these lasting impacts today that

include unsafe and unhealthy condi-

tions for families trying to navigate

their city. I specifically refer to the

Franklin-Mulberry corridor in down-

town Baltimore, where you have a

highway that was constructed and

never completed that divided existing

communities. And that division still

exists today, making it more difficult

for people to live in that community.

The Reconnecting Communities Pro-

gram in the bipartisan infrastructure

bill will establish a program to im-

prove safety as it also addresses long-

standing inequity in our infrastruc-

ture, and it is a program that is about

building the right kind of infrastruc-

ture, not just removing barriers. After

we remove the old infrastructure that

no longer serves our needs, we need to

replace it with the kinds of infrastruc-

ture we need more of, such as better

sidewalks, neighborhood street grids,

signs and crosswalks, and parks that

the neighborhood can appreciate and

grow.

So we see how the infrastructure law

provides new opportunities and mul-

tiple programs that can complement

and reinforce each other to build better

infrastructure and safer infrastructure.

I have just highlighted three ways in

which the bipartisan infrastructure law

can do this, delivering better and safer

roads for Americans and bringing down

the unacceptably high numbers of traf-

fic fatalities and injuries: the new

Highway Safety Improvement Pro-

gram, Transportation Alternatives,

and Reconnecting Communities. This

list is not exhaustive. The infrastruc-

ture law does even more.

Just last week, Department of Trans-

portation officials announced the

availability of $5 billion over 5 years

for a new program focused on safety es-

tablished by the infrastructure law.

The law also provides a mandate to up-

date the Manual on Uniform Traffic

Control Devices to give local govern-

ments more flexibility to implement

safety measures.

I could go on and on. The bottom line

is that we have a lot of work to do, and

setting this new policy is just the be-

ginning. We need leaders at all levels of

government to take on this challenge.

I talked about Transportation Alter-

natives, which will now receive a full 10

percent of the surface transportation

block grant funds, but 10 percent is

just that, 10 percent. We cannot have 10

percent of our funds working for safer

roads and 90 percent of our funds work-

ing to make them less safe. We need

safety prioritized and integrated in all

of our infrastructure investments.

I talked about Reconnecting Commu-

nities, a new $1 billion program to re-

move barriers that have harmed and

isolated neighborhoods from oppor-

tunity, but we cannot have $1 billion

working to remove these barriers and

billions and billions more dollars spent

erecting new barriers. We need to build

the right kind of infrastructure that

we need for our future, not continue on

the same path we have been on in the

past—the path that has led to 43,000

deaths in 2021 alone.

To accept the status quo would be

the most dangerous and radical course

of action. Again, I applaud the Depart-

ment of Transportation for announcing

a new national roadway safety strategy

in January that thinks through safety

across all of the Department’s pro-

grams and authorities.

We need this leadership from the

Federal level, and the Biden adminis-

tration is providing it. As we imple-

ment the infrastructure law and begin

to make generational investments to

improve our Nation’s infrastructure,

we will need all levels of government

working together. The challenge of our

dangerous roads requires all of us to

pay attention, but the benefits of in-

vesting to make our transportation

network safer cannot be understated. If

we use the infrastructure law to its

greatest potential with respect to safe-

ty, we will have a stronger, more pro-

ductive economy and a healthier, more

just America.

With that, I yield the floor.

I suggest the absence of a quorum.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk

will call the roll.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

proceeded to call the roll.

Mr. MORAN. Mr. President, I ask

unanimous consent that the order for

the quorum call be rescinded.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without

objection, it is so ordered.

IMMIGRATION

Mr. MORAN. Mr. President, in April,

more than 234,000 migrants were appre-

hended at the southern border. This is

an alarming number, and it is the high-

est monthly total in 22 years.

We have a humanitarian, public

health, and national security crisis

happening at the border. The Depart-

ment of Homeland Security is bracing

for an even bigger surge in the weeks

and months to come, with the possi-

bility—the estimates of 18,000 new peo-

ple showing up every single day.

The Biden administration continues

to be absent in this crisis, and instead

of offering constructive policies, they

are removing ones that are helping pre-

vent even more people from entering

our country.

Last week, the court made the deci-

sion to require title 42 to remain in

place. The reality of ending it would

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create an even greater border emer-

gency. Yet the Biden administration is

appealing the court’s decision.

A recent POLITICO-Harvard poll

found that 55 percent of Americans op-

pose ending this title 42 prohibition.

President Biden and Vice President

ARRIS

have refused to take any lead-

ership on this issue. Not only have they

attempted to repeal title 42; President

Biden’s first order of business after

taking office was to repeal nearly

every immigration policy of the pre-

vious administration.

Repealing policies like title 42 with-

out any plan of action will leave our

border agents with an unmanageable

task of apprehending, vetting, and doc-

umenting hundreds of thousands of mi-

grants while trying to stop drug and

human trafficking.

In my conversations with border

agents, they describe just how hard a

task they have. The cartels have

learned that flooding the border with

migrants provides a distraction that

affords them a better chance of suc-

cessfully bringing drugs across the bor-

der. It is no wonder that fentanyl sei-

zures at the southern border increased

48 percent in April 2022 from the pre-

vious year of April 2021.

Our border agents and officers are

being asked to be caretakers, law en-

forcement officers, medical profes-

sionals, and so much more. They have

a tireless and thankless job. I visited

the border in April of last year to meet

with the Border Patrol, the DEA, and

the FBI and to hear firsthand about

how the crisis affected their oper-

ations. They shared how handling a

large surge of migrants has made it ex-

tremely challenging to carry out their

mission to stop and disrupt transi-

tional criminal organizations from

drug trafficking.

These agents were sounding the

alarm in April of 2021 when border en-

counters totaled 178,000. Now, compare

that to the 234,000 migrants crossing

the border in April of this year.

I have consistently worked to in-

crease resources to our Border Patrol

agents. We must prioritize additional

border security measures that include

a physical barrier and investments in

new technologies. We must also enforce

our immigration laws and work to re-

form our immigration system so that

we reward those who follow the law

and disincentivize illegal crossings.

While title 42 will remain for now,

the Biden administration plans to con-

tinue to fight this ruling and has al-

most zero constructive plans to help

improve the crisis at the southern bor-

der.

One thing is for certain, our Border

Patrol agents are doing an incredible

job. And I want them to know they are

supported in the U.S. Senate, and we

thank them for their service our Na-

tion.

RECOGNIZING C

PORUBSKY GROCERY AND

MEATS

Mr. President, today I recognize a

Kansas business that has served To-

peka, our State capital city, for more

than 75 years with hot bowls of chili,

cold-cut sandwiches, spicy pickles, and

warm conversations.

To someone from out of town,

Porubsky’s Grocery and Meats doesn’t

seem like much, but to railroad work-

ers, Topeka locals, and legislators from

the statehouse who frequent

Porubsky’s, it was the best place in

town to grab a delicious meal and re-

ceive a friendly welcome.

Opened in 1947 by Katie Porubsky and

her son Charlie Porubsky, C.W.

Porubsky Grocery and Meats was an

iconic restaurant in Topeka and had

fans around the country. While the gro-

cery store portion was originally the

driving force behind the business, it is

best known for being a spot to meet

folks for lunch.

Gourmet magazine summed it up as

well as anyone when it stated that

‘‘Porubsky’s is not just a place to eat.

It is a destination in itself.’’ Charlie

Porubsky’s sons, Matthew, Charlie Jr.,

and Mark, alongside the Porubsky

daughters, Cecelia Pierson and Teresa

Thomas, have kept this business alive

and have made their homes in Topeka.

Over the years, the restaurant has

developed a reputation of having some

of the most delicious chili in the area.

The start of chili season is a day their

loyal customers look forward to year

in and year out.

My personal experience with

Porubsky’s dates back to my time in

the Kansas Legislature. Several of my

fellow legislators and I would make the

trek to Porubsky’s during legislative

breaks. Meeting from January through

June meant that we had at least 3 full

months to truly enjoy Porubsky’s hot

pickles and spicy chili. With meats and

cheese trays displayed, the restaurant

was a warm respite from the cold and a

welcome break from our political and

governmental dealings.

Even today, as I travel across Kan-

sas, I have a habit of altering my plans

so that I can have a ham salad sand-

wich with three slices of cheese and a

cold Coke at Porubsky’s and enjoy the

warm family hospitality. When my

flight from DC to Kansas at the end of

the week lands early, I have the

chance, during that 2-hour drive home,

to make the trek across the Kansas

River and up to North Topeka to go to

Porubsky’s. And I will find wonderful

people, great food, and a sense that I

am home, where all the talk is not

about politics and not all the Wash-

ington, DC, insider conversation; it

just feels like you are around real peo-

ple and real Kansans.

While Porubsky’s and many family-

owned establishments like it lack the

bells and whistles of nationwide chains,

the underlying quality that truly mat-

ters is the collection of people it takes

to make it work. The value of places

like Porubsky’s can’t be measured in

economic profits or Yelp reviews. What

the Porubsky family has been serving

up for decades is more than just tasty

sandwiches; it is a place where you can

go to know people and to be known—

and known so well that your sandwich

is made before you even make it to the

counter to order it.

Squeezing into a seat at the res-

taurant, it doesn’t matter if you are a

Republican or a Democrat. It doesn’t

matter where you come from. At places

like Porubsky’s, everyone is welcome.

While I am sad to see Porubsky’s

close their doors after decades—75

years—of service, the Porubsky family

themselves and their famous grocery

will never be forgotten. I knew Charlie

and Cecelia’s mom and dad, and I know

Charlie and Cecelia well today. I thank

them for being such good friends and

for looking after my well-being and

that of thousands of other customers

over so many years.

I yield the floor.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-

ator from Ohio.

UKRAINE

Mr. PORTMAN. Mr. President, today

marks exactly 3 months since Russia

began its war on Ukraine. I have come

to the Senate floor for what is now the

13th straight week since that time

while the Senate has been in session to

talk about this unprovoked, illegal,

and brutal war that they are waging on

our ally Ukraine, a democratic and

sovereign country.

Since I spoke last week, we had a

very important development. At the

end of last week, the Senate came to-

gether in a strong bipartisan vote to

pass what is called the supplemental

funding bill for Ukraine. The vote was

86 to 11. It passed the House the week

prior with a similar strong bipartisan

vote. Congress, in this legislation, ac-

tually went above what the President

had requested. He initially requested

$33 billion and Congress decided to pro-

vide $40 billion to ensure that the

Ukrainians had the funding they need-

ed through this fall.

In combination with the help from

about 40 different countries around the

world, Ukrainians now have the ammu-

nition and weapons, as well as the hu-

manitarian and economic support they

need to survive and also to continue

their fight for the next several months.

Importantly, the supplemental spend-

ing bill will replenish what is called

the Presidential Drawdown Authority.

It was depleted. That is the authority

that lets us very quickly transfer

weapons from our own surpluses to the

Ukrainians and it has been very effec-

tive. The legislation raised the Presi-

dential Drawdown Authority cap to $11

million, $3 billion over the President’s

request. Again, the notion is this is

going to be needed.

The bill also includes $6 billion for

what is called the Ukraine Security As-

sistance Initiative, a program I first

authored in 2015 to enhance the

Ukrainian military’s ability to fight

off Russian aggression. When we start-

ed that program, Russia was only in

this part of Ukraine and the line of

contact was here in eastern Ukraine.

Here are a couple of maps that show

the progress that has been made in

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pushing back as Russia has invaded

Ukraine starting on February 24. All

this area here that is in blue was con-

trolled by Russia at one point, as was

this lighter red area. The darker red

area was what Russia took back in 2014

after Ukraine chose to look to the West

rather than to Russia for alliance and

support.

This is what they took in 2014. Then

they came in on February 24 with the

hope of taking the entire country, and

they did control this territory. Every-

thing you see in blue has been pushed

back. It is no longer Russian-held terri-

tory. It is now back in Ukrainian

hands. So this is the map of today.

There is progress being made around

Kharkiv. This is a beautiful city in this

part of Ukraine. The blue you see here

is where Ukrainian military have re-

cently pushed back the Russian

forces—in one case, right up to the

Russian border. You also see the same

here in the eastern and southern—more

southern parts of Ukraine, where some

progress has been made.

But there is fierce fighting all in this

region. And, in fact, recently, you can

see where the Russians have made

some progress in trying to cut off some

of the Ukrainian troops. Initially, they

had hoped to make a bridge here to cut

off troops in this area. Thousands of

them now are pushing through right

here and making some progress.

It is a hot war, and the Ukrainians

are desperate to have enough ammuni-

tion to continue to fight that war to

protect their homeland and to have

better weapons to be able to push back

against Russia.

The end of this war has to be that

Russia is pushed out of Ukraine. That

has to be our objective. It is certainly

one that the Ukrainians share.

The successes against Russia in the

battlefield are a testament to the brav-

ery and the effectiveness of Ukrainians

who are fighting to defend their free-

dom, fighting to defend their families,

defend their homeland.

But it is also a success that is due to

the effectiveness of our help, and par-

ticularly, the Ukraine Security Initia-

tive over the past 7 years, especially

the training element of it. It was

money well spent by U.S. taxpayers to

ensure that—along with other NATO

countries who provided funding for

this, as well—that there was a training

component to ensure the military

would be more effective. And you can

see the results of it. They are

outgunned, outnumbered, and yet have

been able to push Russia out of all this

part of Ukraine and are making some

progress in these areas.

The supplemental spending bill I

talked about also includes $4 billion in

foreign military financing to allow

Ukraine to get American-made weap-

ons and equipment through a lend-

lease-type program.

Importantly, the supplemental also

includes $3.9 billion to support en-

hanced U.S. troop deployments to Eu-

rope. That is critical to me because it

has never been more important than

now to ensure that we have the troops

we need along the border here to be

able to ensure Russia knows that if

they go beyond Ukraine, we will re-

spond and respond forcefully as

NATO—all 30 countries of NATO. So we

have reinforced our troops’ presence in

Eastern Europe, places like Poland,

places like Slovakia, Romania, and

around the region to be able to ensure

that our article 5 agreement under

NATO—which is a mutual defense com-

mitment—can be kept.

Again, it is not just us, but it is all

the members of NATO. If Russians

make a further mistake and do what

President Putin has talked about

doing—going to places like the Baltics,

Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia—NATO will

be there, and that should be a big de-

terrent. Of course, this legislation, the

supplemental, was not inexpensive.

Forty billion dollars is a lot of money.

It has to be subject to appropriate safe-

guards for transparency and account-

ability.

Last week, I spoke about many of

these safeguards that some of us helped

get into the legislation, including the

critical role that Congress will play in

providing regular oversight over these

funds. I expect the administration to

keep Congress promptly informed of

how it intends to spend this money as

required by this law.

Effective oversight of Ukraine will

also require a strong diplomatic pres-

ence on the ground. We have people

there watching how the money is being

spent and can report back. I am pleased

that the administration heeded the

Senate’s call to reopen our embassy in

Kyiv last Sunday. Kyiv is the capital of

Ukraine, here in the middle of Ukraine.

It now has a U.S. embassy presence.

The officials at the embassy were here

in Poland. Some have gone to Lviv in

the last few weeks, but now, as of this

last week, we are back in Kyiv and we

are open for business.

By the way, the same day the em-

bassy opened, we reported out the new

ambassador nominee for Ukraine. We

haven’t had an ambassador there for

way too long—about a year and a half

or so. And we actually then voted on

her on the Senate floor—it may be the

fastest nomination ever through this

place. That is very important. We

unanimously confirmed Bridget Brink

to be the Ambassador. She was the Am-

bassador to Slovakia. She has been in

Ukraine before as a Foreign Service Of-

ficer. I think she is a very good choice.

She is leaving her post in Slovakia and

going right into Ukraine. Our diplo-

matic presence there is once again

going to be in a strong position and,

therefore, telling the rest of the world

that the United States is here and here

to stay.

Now that Congress has provided this

$40 billion to support Ukraine and to

support our troops in the area, it is up

to the administration to ensure that it

is used effectively, particularly with

regard to the military assistance.

I encourage the administration to

use these funds in accordance with the

needs on the ground in Ukraine. We

have to be sure that we are giving

them what they actually need. We have

to listen to the Ukrainians who are

fighting on the front lines. To me, this

would include, as an example, what is

called the mobile Multiple Launch

Rocket Systems, or MLRS, that they

are asking for. This enables them and

Ukraine to sit back a little further and

not be subject to shelling from the

Russian forces, and yet to provide dam-

age to some of the artillery Russia is

using against these cities—flattening

these beautiful cities and killing so

many civilians.

We cannot delude ourselves into

thinking if we stop providing certain

weapons systems like the MLRS, that

somehow we will, therefore, not be pro-

voking Russia and that President

Putin will gracefully acknowledge that

gesture and cease his assault or lessen

his assault on Ukraine. That is not

going to happen. Let me be clear. Rus-

sia’s unprovoked and brutal invasion of

a sovereign and democratic Ukraine is

the provocation here; not us, not the

military assistance we are providing

Ukraine just to be able to defend their

homeland and their families.

President Biden must be forward-

leaning in providing military assist-

ance to the Ukrainians that they need

and make it clear that we are in this

conflict until it ends—until Russian

troops leave, until the bombardments

end. If President Putin senses weak-

ness or equivocation on our part or the

part of our allies, he will intensify his

attacks on Ukraine.

I want to speak for a moment about

the broader situation in Europe. Back

in 2014, Ukraine made this decision to

ally with us, with Europe, with free-

dom, with democracy, rather than Rus-

sia and authoritarianism and tyranny.

Russia did not take that well. Again,

that is when they annexed Crimea here

and parts of the Donbas, Luhansk, and

Donetsk. When they did that, the reac-

tion of the West was, frankly,

underwhelming. When President Putin

launched this war—comprehensive

war—on February 24, he probably ex-

pected the same feckless response. The

global community, when these two

happened, really did not respond as

forcefully as we should have. Instead of

getting the same response that he ex-

pected, President Putin initiated an

abrupt reversal, particularly in Euro-

pean diplomacy and military policy.

Previously, Europe prioritized avoid-

ing any conflict with Russia by fol-

lowing practices that they believed

would be seen by the Kremlin as

nonconfrontational. The European and

the global approach, including the U.S.

approach, to Russia and Ukraine

changed when this unjustified and bru-

tal assault began.

Just as President Putin has weak-

ened Russia’s position with his

unprovoked invasion, the NATO alli-

ance that he tried to undermine has

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only grown stronger. In fact, two new

countries, Finland and Sweden, have

now officially applied for the 30-mem-

ber-strong NATO membership.

In the aftermath of Russia’s inva-

sion, public support for joining NATO

skyrocketed in Finland and Sweden.

This is especially remarkable in Swe-

den, whose policy of neutrality dates

all the way back to the Napoleonic

Wars, well before World War II. But as

President Putin has indiscriminately

killed innocent men, women, and chil-

dren in Ukraine and flattened some of

the most beautiful cities, the Finnish

and Swedish people have seen the ben-

efit of NATO as a security blanket for

them too.

I am glad Finland and Sweden ap-

plied to join NATO. It is the world’s

most successful military alliance in

history. Each of these two countries

has an impressive military and a com-

mitment to higher defense spending, so

they have a lot of value to add to the

NATO alliance. Their membership will

further tilt the power base in Europe in

NATO’s favor and that is good for

peace and tranquility. It is good for the

United States, and it is good for our al-

lies.

I was pleased that President Biden

hosted the leaders of both those coun-

tries last week and that Leader M

NELL

also visited Finland and Sweden

when he was overseas just a couple of

weeks ago. I join the leader in calling

for the Senate to approve their mem-

bership bids to NATO before the Au-

gust recess. Let’s make the United

States the first country to approve

their applications for NATO member-

ship.

I understand that all 30 of our NATO

allies have been supportive, with one

exception, Turkey. They have ex-

pressed concerns about Finland and

Sweden joining the alliance for issues

unrelated to NATO, in my view. I trust

these issues can be worked out among

the three countries and encourage the

administration to take a lead in mov-

ing this application forward. Joining

NATO is a serious matter of war and

peace. No one should be playing poli-

tics here. I look forward to supporting

Finland and Sweden’s NATO applica-

tion when they are voted on here in

this Chamber.

The Russian military has suffered

substantial losses in this war already.

Exact estimates are impossible to

come by, but it appears in just the first

3 months of this war, Russia has lost as

many soldiers as it did in the 9-year

war that they waged in Afghanistan.

Let’s remember that President Putin

thought this would be an easy victory.

He thought Ukraine’s defenses would

be torn apart and shattered in a matter

of days and the Ukrainians would lose

all hope and all morale. And he

thought his actions would split NATO,

that the alliance would be unable to re-

spond. Clearly, the opposite has been

the case.

And within Russia, there has been

dissent, as well. Last week, Boris

Bondarev, Counselor at the Permanent

Mission of the Russian Federation to

United Nations in Geneva resigned his

post. His letter to his colleagues is tell-

ing. This is from a senior Russian offi-

cial:

For 20 years of my diplomatic career, I

have seen turns of our foreign policy, but

never have I been so ashamed of my country

as on February 24 of this year—

Referring to the date the invasion

was launched.

The aggressive war unleashed by Putin and

the entire Western world is not only a crime

against the Ukrainian people, but also, per-

haps, the most serious crime against the peo-

ple of Russia, with a bold letter Z crossing

out all hopes and prospects for a prosperous

free society in our country.

He is right. There have also been re-

ports of many rank-and-file Russian

soldiers who oppose this war and refuse

to fight. And there is a recent report of

a Russian officer who became so dis-

illusioned with the lies he had been

told, he resigned in protest. His own

words are telling:

We had a radio receiver, and we could lis-

ten to the news.

He said this to CNN, by the way.

That’s how I learned that shops are closing

in Russia and the economy is collapsing. I

felt guilty about this. But felt even more

guilty because we came to Ukraine.

And he should. This resignation is

telling as Russians from every part of

society are beginning to see this war

for what it is—unprovoked, tragic,

shameful acts of aggression that have

brought international condemnation

and shame to Russia as a nation. I am

confident this is the first of many acts

of conscience by senior and junior Rus-

sian officials as they seek to restore

some level of honor and dignity to

their Nation. Kremlin officials and

commandos on the ground should know

that the world is watching and the war

crimes are being recorded. It is not too

late to say no to orders to attack and

kill your innocent neighbors in

Ukraine.

Now, as I have mentioned over the

last several weeks as we talked about

that, there are a number of very impor-

tant sanctions that are in place. We

talked about trading sanctions; elimi-

nating Russia’s tax status; banking

sanctions to crush the economy in Rus-

sia; the desperate need right now for us

to focus more on energy and boy-

cotting energy supplies because that is

the single most important sanction

that has not been put in place in the

way it needs to be. It is funding the

Putin war machine. Europe is making

progress on this. In fact, by August, we

are told, they will no longer be buying

Russian coal, for example. But Russia

is still getting from Europe $870 mil-

lion a day in energy receipts, and that

is funding the Putin war machine.

Especially when Russia not only con-

tinues its onslaught on Ukrainian de-

fensive combatants but on noncombat-

ants, these sanctions must be tight-

ened. And what they are doing is com-

mitting war crimes. I call on the Inter-

national Criminal Court, which has an-

nounced an investigation already, to

follow in Ukraine’s footsteps and im-

mediately begin a war crimes tribunal

now—don’t wait—because it can have a

deterrent effect if it is done now.

We continue to hear the stories every

day, and the stories get worse and

worse. I was glad to hear that a court

in Kyiv began hearings against Ser-

geant Vadim Shishimarin, the first

Russian soldier to go on trial for al-

leged war crimes. He is accused of

shooting and killing a 62-year-old civil-

ian man in the northeastern Ukrainian

region of Sumy in late February just a

few yards from his home. He pled

guilty, and just yesterday—yesterday—

he was sentenced to life in prison.

Again, Russian officials and com-

manders need to see this. These war

crimes are being committed, they are

being prosecuted, and there will be con-

sequences.

Sadly, this one case we talked about

is just a drop in the bucket. Ukraine’s

Prosecutor General has said that her

office is currently investigating more

than 10,000 alleged war crimes by Rus-

sian forces involving more than 600 sus-

pects. It will take a vast amount of

time and resources to hold these crimi-

nals to account, and the United States

should help Ukraine in this regard. The

supplemental spending package we

talked about includes money to do just

that—to investigate and document war

crimes and crimes against humanity

committed by Russian forces in

Ukraine.

My hope is that holding these Rus-

sians accountable will have that deter-

rent effect.

Because of these terrible actions, I

believe Russia also deserves to be des-

ignated as a state sponsor of terrorism.

I believe the Senate should vote on

that. In Chechnya, in Syria, and now in

Ukraine, Russia has committed atroc-

ities that reflect a complete disregard

for the value of human life. It has ter-

rorized its neighbors and committed

clear war crimes and crimes against

humanity in Ukraine.

Let me be clear. What the Russian

military is doing in Ukraine is not just

the product of individual undisciplined

units; tacit approval for acts like these

come from the top of the command

chain.

I have mentioned America’s leader-

ship stateside and what everyday

Americans have done in light of this

Russian aggression and their support

for Ukraine. It is truly impressive. It is

happening in my State of Ohio and

around the country, the contributions

in so many ways: the medical supplies

that have been sent, the personal van-

ity kits that have been sent, the

amount of food that has been volun-

tarily given through the World Central

Kitchen and others. But tonight I want

to close with a few thoughts on our

leadership abroad as President Biden is

wrapping up his first trip to Asia.

First, I commend the President for

taking this trip and for working with

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATES2656 May 24, 2022

our allies. As China continues to ad-

vance its interest not only throughout

the Indo-Pacific but around the globe,

it is so important that the United

States help lead freedom-loving coun-

tries in countering their malign ac-

tions too.

I visited the region last month with

some of my colleagues, and my

takeaway was that our partners in the

region have a newfound interest in

working with us, allying with us, par-

ticularly with what is going on with re-

gard to China’s aggressive behavior in

the Indo-Pacific region.

I also think one of the best ways to

push back against what China is doing

and considering doing, particularly

with regard to Taiwan, is for us to win

in Ukraine. Russia being defeated in

Ukraine will affect what happens in the

Indo-Pacific region.

China right now is entirely aligned

with Russia. Their joint statement ear-

lier this year says, as the invasion was

being planned, ‘‘Friendship between

[our] two States has no limits, there

are no ‘forbidden’ areas of coopera-

tion.’’

We are now seeing China’s attempt to

extend their reach with a base in the

Solomon Islands, as an example. We

heard about this when we were over

there. They have negotiated in secret a

security agreement to allow Beijing to

send military personnel to this new Pa-

cific ally of theirs and base naval ves-

sels potentially on the islands. This

would be terrible for the region, par-

ticularly for Australia—their eastern

border is only about 1,200 miles away

from the Solomon Islands.

In Ukraine, we have shown strong

leadership. We must not stop now when

it comes to our allies across the globe.

It doesn’t matter if it is Russia or

China—we must be the beacon of

strength for the free world and help

bring people together. To do so, we

must also start thinking about what it

will take to aid Ukraine in the long

term. I am not talking about nation

building here, but I am talking about

helping them in terms of this pro-

tracted conflict with Russia and ensur-

ing that we do rebuild a democratic

and free Ukraine. Thinking ahead in

this fashion may seem premature to

some, but I do believe it can save re-

sources in the long run by thinking

about how to plan for that now.

In short, we should plan for the possi-

bility of a longer conflict than we had

originally anticipated.

Again, our role in Ukraine is essen-

tial, but it is a role that combines us

with so many other partners around

the world. Again, over 40 countries are

helping right now in terms of assist-

ance to Ukraine. We are not the

world’s policeman, but we are kind of

like the world’s sheriff, and bringing in

that posse of other freedom-loving

countries is so critical for us to do,

whether it is in the Indo-Pacific region

or whether it is in regard to Ukraine.

We have had tremendous success in

terms of bringing people together to

stand for freedom, to stand for democ-

racy, and to stand for the rights of the

Ukrainian people.

With that, I yield the floor.

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. M

KEY

). The Senator from Connecticut.

ROBB ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SHOOTING

Mr. MURPHY. Mr. President, 13 kids

dead in an elementary school in Texas

right now. What are we doing? What

are we doing?

Just days after a shooter walked into

a grocery store to gun down African-

American patrons, we have another

Sandy Hook on our hands. What are we

doing?

There have been more mass shootings

than days in the year. Our kids are liv-

ing in fear every single time they set

foot in a classroom because they think

they are going to be next. What are we

doing?

Why do you spend all this time run-

ning for the U.S. Senate? Why do you

go through all the hassle of getting

this job, of putting yourself in a posi-

tion of authority, if your answer is

that, as the slaughter increases, as our

kids run for their lives, we do nothing?

What are we doing? Why are you here if

not to solve a problem as existential as

this?

This isn’t inevitable. These kids

weren’t unlucky. This only happens in

this country and nowhere else. No-

where else do little kids go to school

thinking that they might be shot that

day. Nowhere else do parents have to

talk to their kids, as I have had to do,

about why they got locked in a bath-

room and told to be quiet for 5 minutes

just in case a bad man entered that

building. Nowhere else does that hap-

pen except here in the United States of

America, and it is a choice. It is our

choice to let it continue. What are we

doing?

In Sandy Hook Elementary School

after those kids came back into those

classrooms, they had to adopt a prac-

tice in which there would be a safe

word that the kids would say if they

started to get thoughts in their brain

about what they saw that day, if they

started to get nightmares during the

day, reliving stepping over their class-

mates’ bodies as they tried to flee the

school.

In one classroom, that word was

‘‘monkey.’’ Over and over and over

through the day, kids would stand up

and yell ‘‘monkey,’’ and a teacher or a

paraprofessional would have to go over

to that kid, take them out of the class-

room, talk to them about what they

had seen, work them through their

issues.

Sandy Hook will never ever be the

same. This community in Texas will

never ever be the same.

Why? Why are we here if not to try to

make sure that fewer schools and fewer

communities go through what Sandy

Hook has gone through, what Uvalde is

going through? Our hearts are breaking

for these families. Every ounce of love

and thoughts and prayers we can send,

we are sending. But I am here on this

floor to beg, to literally get down on

my hands and knees and beg my col-

leagues: Find a path forward here.

Work with us to find a way to pass laws

that make this less likely.

I understand my Republican col-

leagues will not agree to everything

that I may support, but there is a com-

mon denominator that we can find.

There is a place where we can achieve

agreement. This may not guarantee

that America never ever again sees a

mass shooting. It may not overnight

cut in half the number of murders that

happen in America. It will not solve

the problem of American violence by

itself. But by doing something, we at

least stop sending this quiet message of

endorsement to these killers whose

brains are breaking, who see the high-

est levels of government doing nothing

shooting after shooting.

What are we doing? Why are we here?

What are we doing?

I yield the floor.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-

ator from Montana.

TRIBUTE TO MIKE DEVRIES

Mr. DAINES. Mr. President, today I

have the distinct honor of recognizing

Mike DeVries of Fergus County as

Montanan of the Month for his dedica-

tion to serving his community and his

courage during the Denton fire this

past December.

Mike joined the volunteer fire de-

partment shortly after moving to Den-

ton with his family back in 2004 and

has been loyal to the department and

community ever since, serving as chief

for 11 years.

On December 1, 2021, Mike’s love of

his community and resolute leadership

was on full display. As the West Wind

fire tore through the town of Denton,

Mike acted swiftly to maintain inci-

dent command and ensure the safety of

his firefighters and members of the

Denton community.

As Montana suffered a terrible fire

season in 2021, Mike not only coordi-

nated aid and resources, he showed

care and compassion to his fellow resi-

dents of Denton and the surrounding

area.

He met with folks who were impacted

by the fires and connected personally

with all the local firefighters and com-

munity members who showed up to

help.

Serving as the Denton fire chief is

just one of the ways Mike gives back to

his community. He is also on the elder

board of the Denton Bible Church and

has served several terms on the town

council.

As a volunteer fire chief, he has spent

countless hours training, traveling,

and managing the department.

His son Joel says that Mike is held in

high regard by other firefighters as he

works to build relationships between

Denton and surrounding departments.

While Mike is quick to give credit to

his crew, he deserves recognition for

his leadership during the 2021 fire sea-

son, loyalty to the Denton Fire Depart-

ment, and compassion for his commu-

nity.

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Mike, keep up the great work. You do

make Montana proud.

TRIBUTE TO KAREN PFAEHLER

Mr. President, today, I have the

honor of recognizing a staff member

who has turned into family over the

years.

Karen Pfaehler is truly one of a kind.

She has set the standard for con-

stituent recognitions in Montana, and

now it is my turn to recognize her as

she retires after many years of service

to Montana.

Karen got her bachelor’s degree in el-

ementary education and psychology

and was hired to work as a military

aerospace program manager and con-

tract analyst in Denver, CO.

As fate would have it, she met the

love of her life, Gus Pfaehler, at a sales

convention.

They moved to Hong Kong for his

work and lived there for many years.

Later, while living in Bangkok, Karen

volunteered and ran the charity divi-

sion of the American Women’s Club.

The organization’s philanthropic arm

gave donations, mostly to Peace Corps

volunteers and orphanages.

Karen also enjoyed entertaining Am-

bassadors and dignitaries for various

functions and events.

It was in Hong Kong that Karen and

her husband raised their daughter

Jaclyn, the pride of their lives.

After their time in Bangkok came to

a close, they moved stateside to Salt

Lake City, UT.

Once Gus retired from his corporate

role, they decided to call Bozeman, MT,

home, and it was here that Karen was

able to pursue her passion of events

and events planning and politics. Her

skills were highly sought after, and

soon she became a mainstay in Mon-

tana political events. In fact, in 2015,

she signed on with my team and, lucky

for us, she decided to stay.

Karen and her sidekick Winnie, her

dog, have spent countless hours comb-

ing through every detail of Montana

news and headlines, catching every

outstanding Montanan.

Karen has worked tirelessly, making

sure all Montanans are honored for

their heroism, their anniversaries,

their birthdays, and, of course, she

planned all of our events.

One story in particular that comes to

mind was when she received word a

large gathering was coming to one of

our instate offices. Karen wasted no

time getting the details ironed out and

created a welcoming experience for our

visitors and even had breakfast treats

for everybody. It was a wonderful gath-

ering thanks to her hard work and her

dedication.

Karen, your expertise and attention

to every detail will be missed. The cha-

risma, the positive attitude you bring

to everything you do, is highly re-

garded by all of your peers and by me.

Thank you for your years of service

to the great State of Montana. We wish

you well on your next chapter of being

a full-time grandma. God bless you.

NOMINATION OF DARA LINDENBAUM

Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, I

rise today in support of Dara

Lindenbaum’s nomination to be a Com-

missioner on the Federal Election

Commission—FEC—the independent

agency responsible for enforcing Fed-

eral campaign finance laws.

Ms. Lindenbaum is an experienced

nominee who is respected on both sides

of the aisle; that is why earlier this

month her nomination was reported

out of the Rules Committee with bipar-

tisan support, including from Ranking

Member B

LUNT

. I hope more of my Re-

publican colleagues will join us in sup-

porting her nomination today.

I would also like to note that the last

time the Senate considered the nomi-

nation of FEC Commissioners in De-

cember 2020, we confirmed two Repub-

licans and one Democrat, who—impor-

tantly—restored a quorum to the Com-

mission.

Ms. Lindenbaum’s confirmation will

simply maintain the Commission’s cur-

rent partisan balance, since she has

been nominated to fill the seat being

vacated by Commissioner Walther

after many years of service.

The FEC is charged with a critical

role in ensuring accountability in our

system of government, and it was es-

tablished by Congress in the wake of

the Watergate scandal to restore the

public’s faith in our electoral proc-

esses, to make it clear that, in Amer-

ica, politicians must play by the rules,

so that the votes of the people decide

our elections.

Now, 47 years later, the work of the

FEC is as important as ever. The 2020

election cycle was the most expensive

in history. Total spending was over $14

billion with $8 billion spent on political

advertisements alone. And too many

voters feel like their voices are being

drowned out. At the same time, the

Commission is facing the challenges

that arise given rapidly evolving tech-

nologies and the ongoing threat of for-

eign interference in our elections.

It is a big and important job, but

Dara Lindenbaum is more than capable

of taking it on. Ms. Lindenbaum has

extensive experience in election and

campaign finance law, with years of ex-

perience working for a civil rights non-

profit and in private practice. She also

has firsthand experience at the FEC

where she worked as a law clerk early

in her legal career, and her work rep-

resenting clients before the FEC will

allow her to bring an important per-

spective to the Commission.

Throughout the confirmation proc-

ess, Ms. Lindenbaum has shown that

she will be a fair and effective Commis-

sioner. In her testimony, she stated

that ‘‘[t]he consideration of the facts

and the law in front of me will be my

guideposts as I seek to provide clarity

to the regulated community, increase

transparency, and collaborate with my

fellow Commissioners[.]’’

She is both well qualified and well re-

spected. Before Ms. Lindenbaum’s nom-

ination hearing, the Rules Committee

received a letter from 30 of the Na-

tion’s top campaign finance lawyers.

The letter ‘‘enthusiastically’’ rec-

ommends Ms. Lindenbaum’s confirma-

tion, and it is signed by Republicans,

Democrats, and Independents, includ-

ing Lee Goodman, a former Republican

Chairman of the FEC, and Karl

Sandstrom, a former Democratic Com-

missioner. In the letter—and these are

their words, not mine—these attorneys

praise her as a ‘‘thoughtful and con-

scientious advocate’’ and ‘‘a genial and

inclusive colleague.’’ I agree with their

conclusion that she would be ‘‘an excel-

lent addition to the Commission.’’

The fact that Ms. Lindenbaum has

support from top campaign finance at-

torneys in both parties is no surprise,

since she learned about getting along

across the aisle at a young age—from

her own family. Growing up, her par-

ents supported different political par-

ties, and so every election day, she

would take two trips to their polling

place, one to watch her mom vote and

then another with her dad. Her parents’

example will serve her well on the

Commission, which in recent years has

often suffered from partisan divides

and stalemate.

As we know, no more than three

Commissioners can be from the same

political party, but it requires four

votes to take most actions. So when

votes consistently fall along party

lines, very little gets done. For exam-

ple, the FEC has not enacted any major

disclosure rules or internet regulations

in over a decade. Hundreds of enforce-

ment cases have been left unresolved.

This is not fair to candidates or to the

public.

While I continue to urge my col-

leagues to pass legislation to address

some of these issues, it is also up to the

Commissioners to figure out ways to

work across party lines and find bipar-

tisan agreement. I know that Ms.

Lindenbaum is up to the task and that

she will work to find common ground

with her fellow Commissioners on

these difficult issues.

Our Nation was founded on the ideals

of democracy, and we have seen for

ourselves in this building how we can’t

afford to take that for granted. We are

reminded every day, as we see the peo-

ple of Ukraine putting their lives on

the line to stand up for their democ-

racy, that it is up to all of us to protect

our system of government here at

home. At its core, that is the job of the

FEC, to ensure the agency fulfills its

mission to ‘‘protect the integrity of the

Federal campaign finance process’’

and, in doing so, to keep our democ-

racy strong.

I am confident that Dara

Lindenbaum is up to this challenge,

and I urge all of my colleagues to vote

for cloture and support her confirma-

tion.

VOTE ON LINDENBAUM NOMINATION

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.

ETERS

). Under the previous order, all

postcloture time has expired.

The question is, Will the Senate ad-

vise and consent to the Lindenbaum

nomination?

Mr. WHITEHOUSE. Mr. President, I

ask for the yeas and nays.

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATES2658 May 24, 2022

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a

sufficient second?

There appears to be a sufficient sec-

ond.

The clerk will call the roll.

The bill clerk called the roll.

Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the

Senator from Oregon (Mr. M

ERKLEY

)

and the Senator from Maryland (Mr.

OLLEN

) are necessarily absent.

Mr. THUNE. The following Senators

are necessarily absent: the Senator

from Arkansas (Mr. B

OOZMAN

), the Sen-

ator from Texas (Mr. C

ORNYN

), the Sen-

ator from Texas (Mr. C

RUZ

), the Sen-

ator from Alaska (Ms. M

URKOWSKI

), the

Senator from Florida (Mr. R

UBIO

), and

the Senator from Pennsylvania (Mr.

OOMEY

Further, if present and voting, the

Senator from Arkansas (Mr. B

OOZMAN

)

would have voted ‘‘nay’’ and the Sen-

ator from Texas (Mr. C

RUZ

) would have

voted ‘‘nay.’’

The result was announced—yeas 54,

nays 38, as follows:

[Rollcall Vote No. 196 Ex.]

YEAS—54

Baldwin

Bennet

Blumenthal

Blunt

Booker

Brown

Cantwell

Cardin

Carper

Casey

Collins

Coons

Cortez Masto

Duckworth

Durbin

Feinstein

Gillibrand

Graham

Hassan

Heinrich

Hickenlooper

Hirono

Kaine

Kelly

King

Klobuchar

Leahy

Luja

Manchin

Markey

McConnell

Menendez

Murphy

Murray

Ossoff

Padilla

Peters

Portman

Reed

Rosen

Rounds

Sanders

Schatz

Schumer

Shaheen

Sinema

Smith

Stabenow

Tester

Warner

Warnock

Warren

Whitehouse

Wyden

NAYS—38

Barrasso

Blackburn

Braun

Burr

Capito

Cassidy

Cotton

Cramer

Crapo

Daines

Ernst

Fischer

Grassley

Hagerty

Hawley

Hoeven

Hyde-Smith

Inhofe

Johnson

Kennedy

Lankford

Lee

Lummis

Marshall

Moran

Paul

Risch

Romney

Sasse

Scott (FL)

Scott (SC)

Shelby

Sullivan

Thune

Tillis

Tuberville

Wicker

Young

NOT VOTING—8

Boozman

Cornyn

Cruz

Merkley

Murkowski

Rubio

Toomey

Van Hollen

The nomination was confirmed.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under

the previous order, the motion to re-

consider is considered made and laid

upon the table, and the President will

be immediately notified of the Senate’s

actions.

CLOTURE MOTION

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Pursuant

to rule XXII, the Chair lays before the

Senate the pending cloture motion,

which the clerk will state.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

read as follows:

LOTURE

OTION

We, the undersigned Senators, in accord-

ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the

Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby

move to bring to a close debate on the nomi-

nation of Executive Calendar No. 857, Evelyn

Padin, of New Jersey, to be United States

District Judge for the District of New Jer-

sey.

Charles E. Schumer, Cory A. Booker,

Tammy Baldwin, Patrick J. Leahy,

Patty Murray, Tina Smith, Sheldon

Whitehouse, John W. Hickenlooper,

Gary C. Peters, Benjamin L. Cardin,

Jeanne Shaheen, Jon Tester, Richard

J. Durbin, Catherine Cortez Masto,

Mazie K. Hirono, Amy Klobuchar,

Maria Cantwell.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. By unan-

imous consent, the mandatory quorum

call has been waived.

The question is, Is it the sense of the

Senate that debate on the nomination

of Evelyn Padin, of New Jersey, to be

United States District Judge for the

District of New Jersey, shall be

brought to a close?

The yeas and nays are mandatory

under the rule.

The clerk will call the roll.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

called the roll.

Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the

Senator from Oregon (Mr. M

ERKLEY

)

and the Senator from Maryland (Mr.

OLLEN

) are necessarily absent.

Mr. THUNE. The following Senators

are necessarily absent: the Senator

from Arizona (Mr. B

OOZMAN

), the Sen-

ator from Texas (Mr. C

ORNYN

), the Sen-

ator from Texas (Mr. C

RUZ

), the Sen-

ator from Alaska (Mr. M

URKOWSKI

), the

Senator from Florida (Mr. R

UBIO

), the

Senator from North Carolina (Mr.

ILLIS

), and the Senator from Pennsyl-

vania (Mr. T

OOMEY

Further, if present and voting, the

Senator from Arizona (Mr. B

OOZMAN

), I

would have voted ‘‘nay’’ and the Sen-

ator from North Carolina, (Mr. T

ILLIS

would have voted ‘‘nay.’’

The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 52,

nays 39, as follows:

[Rollcall Vote No. 197 Ex.]

YEAS—52

Baldwin

Bennet

Blumenthal

Booker

Brown

Burr

Cantwell

Cardin

Carper

Casey

Collins

Coons

Cortez Masto

Duckworth

Durbin

Feinstein

Gillibrand

Graham

Hassan

Heinrich

Hickenlooper

Hirono

Kaine

Kelly

King

Klobuchar

Leahy

Luja

Manchin

Markey

McConnell

Menendez

Murphy

Murray

Ossoff

Padilla

Peters

Reed

Rosen

Sanders

Schatz

Schumer

Shaheen

Sinema

Smith

Stabenow

Tester

Warner

Warnock

Warren

Whitehouse

Wyden

NAYS—39

Barrasso

Blackburn

Blunt

Braun

Capito

Cassidy

Cotton

Cramer

Crapo

Daines

Ernst

Fischer

Grassley

Hagerty

Hawley

Hoeven

Hyde-Smith

Inhofe

Johnson

Kennedy

Lankford

Lee

Lummis

Marshall

Moran

Paul

Portman

Risch

Romney

Rounds

Sasse

Scott (FL)

Scott (SC)

Shelby

Sullivan

Thune

Tuberville

Wicker

Young

NOT VOTING—9

Boozman

Cornyn

Cruz

Merkley

Murkowski

Rubio

Tillis

Toomey

Van Hollen

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Ms. H

SAN

). On this vote, the yeas are 52, the

nays are 39.

The motion is agreed to.

EXECUTIVE CALENDAR

The clerk will report the nomination.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

read the nomination of Evelyn Padin,

of New Jersey, to be United States Dis-

trict Judge for the District of New Jer-

sey.

CLOTURE MOTION

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Pursuant

to rule XXII, the Chair lays before the

Senate the pending cloture motion,

which the clerk will state.

The senior assistant executive clerk

read as follows:

LOTURE

OTION

We, the undersigned Senators, in accord-

ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the

Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby

move to bring to a close debate on the nomi-

nation of Executive Calendar No. 915, Char-

lotte N. Sweeney, of Colorado, to be United

States District Judge for the District of Col-

orado.

Charles E. Schumer, Tina Smith, Chris-

topher Murphy, Tim Kaine, Patrick J.

Leahy, Jack Reed, Benjamin L. Cardin,

Richard J. Durbin, Brian Schatz, Jacky

Rosen, Catherine Cortez Masto, Mar-

garet Wood Hassan, Martin Heinrich,

Sheldon Whitehouse, Richard

Blumenthal, Christopher A. Coons,

Tammy Baldwin.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. By unan-

imous consent, the mandatory quorum

call has been waived.

The question is, Is it the sense of the

Senate that debate on the nomination

of Charlotte N. Sweeney, of Colorado,

to be United States District Judge for

the District of Colorado, shall be

brought to a close?

The yeas and nays are mandatory

under the rule.

The clerk will call the roll.

The senior assistant executive clerk

called the roll.

Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the

Senator from Oregon (Mr. M

ERKLEY

the Senator from Maryland (Mr. V

OLLEN

), and the Senator from Vir-

ginia (Mr. W

ARNER

) are necessarily ab-

sent.

Mr. THUNE. The following Senators

are necessarily absent: The Senator

from Arizona (Mr. B

OOZMAN

), the Sen-

ator from Texas (Mr. C

ORNYN

), the Sen-

ator from Texas (Mr. C

RUZ

), the Sen-

ator from Alaska (Ms. M

URKOWSKI

), the

Senator from Florida (Mr. R

UBIO

), the

Senator from North Carolina (Mr.

ILLIS

), and the Senator from Pennsyl-

vania (Mr. T

OOMEY

Further, if present and voting, the

Senator from Arizona (Mr. B

OOZMAN

)

would have voted ‘‘nay’’ and the Sen-

ator from North Carolina (Mr. T

ILLIS

)

would have voted ‘‘nay.’’

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2659 May 24, 2022

The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 48,

nays 42, as follows:

[Rollcall Vote No. 198 Ex.]

YEAS—48

Baldwin

Bennet

Blumenthal

Booker

Brown

Cantwell

Cardin

Carper

Casey

Collins

Coons

Cortez Masto

Duckworth

Durbin

Feinstein

Gillibrand

Hassan

Heinrich

Hickenlooper

Hirono

Kaine

Kelly

King

Klobuchar

Leahy

Luja

Manchin

Markey

Menendez

Murphy

Murray

Ossoff

Padilla

Peters

Reed

Rosen

Sanders

Schatz

Schumer

Shaheen

Sinema

Smith

Stabenow

Tester

Warnock

Warren

Whitehouse

Wyden

NAYS—42

Barrasso

Blackburn

Blunt

Braun

Burr

Capito

Cassidy

Cotton

Cramer

Crapo

Daines

Ernst

Fischer

Graham

Grassley

Hagerty

Hawley

Hoeven

Hyde-Smith

Inhofe

Johnson

Kennedy

Lankford

Lee

Lummis

Marshall

McConnell

Moran

Paul

Portman

Risch

Romney

Rounds

Sasse

Scott (FL)

Scott (SC)

Shelby

Sullivan

Thune

Tuberville

Wicker

Young

NOT VOTING—10

Boozman

Cornyn

Cruz

Merkley

Murkowski

Rubio

Tillis

Toomey

Van Hollen

Warner

The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this

vote, the yeas are 48, the nays are 42.

The motion is agreed to.

EXECUTIVE CALENDAR

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The

clerk will report the nomination.

The legislative clerk read the nomi-

nation of Charlotte N. Sweeney, of Col-

orado, to be United States District

Judge for the District of Colorado.

CLOTURE MOTION

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Pursuant

to rule XXII, the Chair lays before the

Senate the pending cloture motion,

which the clerk will state.

The senior assistant executive clerk

read as follows:

LOTURE

OTION

We, the undersigned Senators, in accord-

ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the

Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby

move to bring to a close debate on the nomi-

nation of Executive Calendar No. 801, Nina

Morrison, of New York, to be United States

District Judge for the Eastern District of

New York.

Charles E. Schumer, Brian Schatz, Alex

Padilla, Benjamin L. Cardin, Jack

Reed, Robert P. Casey, Jr., Tammy

Duckworth, Angus S. King, Jr., Patrick

J. Leahy, Chris Van Hollen, Catherine

Cortez Masto, Gary C. Peters, Eliza-

beth Warren, Jacky Rosen, Ben Ray

Luja

n, Cory A. Booker, Christopher A.

Coons.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. By unan-

imous consent, the mandatory quorum

call has been waived.

The question is, Is it the sense of the

Senate that debate on the nomination

of Nina Morrison, of New York, to be

United States District Judge for the

Eastern District of New York, shall be

brought to a close?

The yeas and nays are mandatory

under the rule.

The clerk will call the roll.

The senior assistant executive clerk

called the roll.

Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the

Senator from Oregon (Mr. M

ERKLEY

)

and the Senator from Maryland (Mr.

OLLEN

) are necessarily absent.

Mr. THUNE. The following Senators

are necessarily absent: The Senator

from Arkansas (Mr. B

OOZMAN

), the Sen-

ator from Texas (Mr. C

ORNYN

), the Sen-

ator from Texas (Mr. C

RUZ

), the Sen-

ator from Alaska (Ms. M

URKOWSKI

), the

Senator from Florida (Mr. R

UBIO

), the

Senator from North Carolina (Mr.

ILLIS

), and the Senator from Pennsyl-

vania (Mr. T

OOMEY

Further, if present and voting, the

Senator from Arkansas (Mr. B

OOZMAN

)

would have voted ‘‘nay’’ and the Sen-

ator from North Carolina (Mr. T

ILLIS

)

would have voted ‘‘nay.’’

The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 50,

nays 41, as follows:

[Rollcall Vote No. 199 Ex.]

YEAS—50

Baldwin

Bennet

Blumenthal

Booker

Brown

Cantwell

Cardin

Carper

Casey

Collins

Coons

Cortez Masto

Duckworth

Durbin

Feinstein

Gillibrand

Graham

Hassan

Heinrich

Hickenlooper

Hirono

Kaine

Kelly

King

Klobuchar

Leahy

Luja

Manchin

Markey

Menendez

Murphy

Murray

Ossoff

Padilla

Peters

Reed

Rosen

Sanders

Schatz

Schumer

Shaheen

Sinema

Smith

Stabenow

Tester

Warner

Warnock

Warren

Whitehouse

Wyden

NAYS—41

Barrasso

Blackburn

Blunt

Braun

Burr

Capito

Cassidy

Cotton

Cramer

Crapo

Daines

Ernst

Fischer

Grassley

Hagerty

Hawley

Hoeven

Hyde-Smith

Inhofe

Johnson

Kennedy

Lankford

Lee

Lummis

Marshall

McConnell

Moran

Paul

Portman

Risch

Romney

Rounds

Sasse

Scott (FL)

Scott (SC)

Shelby

Sullivan

Thune

Tuberville

Wicker

Young

NOT VOTING—9

Boozman

Cornyn

Cruz

Merkley

Murkowski

Rubio

Tillis

Toomey

Van Hollen

The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this

vote, the yeas are 50, nays are 41.

The motion is agreed to.

EXECUTIVE CALENDAR

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The

clerk will report the nomination.

The legislative clerk read the nomi-

nation of Nina Morrison, of New York,

to be United States District Judge for

the Eastern District of New York.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-

ator from Connecticut.

ORDER OF PROCEDURE

Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Madam Presi-

dent, I ask unanimous consent that the

confirmation votes on the Padin and

Sweeney nominations be at 11 a.m. to-

morrow, May 25; further, that the re-

maining cloture votes for the motions

filed during Wednesday’s session of the

Senate occur after disposition of the

Sweeney nomination.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without

objection, it is so ordered.

EXECUTIVE CALENDAR

Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Madam Presi-

dent, I ask unanimous consent that the

Senate consider the following nomina-

tion: Calendar No. 904, Paul M. Rosen,

to be Assistant Secretary of the Treas-

ury for Investment Security; that the

Senate vote on the nomination without

intervening action or debate; that the

motion to reconsider be considered

made and laid upon the table; that any

statements related to the nomination

be printed in the R

ECORD

; that the

President be immediately notified of

the Senate’s action and that the Sen-

ate resume legislative session.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without

objection, it is so ordered.

The clerk will report the nomination.

The legislative clerk read the nomi-

nation of Paul M. Rosen, of California,

to be Assistant Secretary of the Treas-

ury for Investment Security.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The

question is, Will the Senate advise and

consent to the Rosen nomination?

The nomination was confirmed.

LEGISLATIVE SESSION

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-

ate will now resume legislative session.

MORNING BUSINESS

Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Madam Presi-

dent, I ask unanimous consent that the

Senate be in a period of morning busi-

ness, with Senators permitted to speak

therein for up to 10 minutes each.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without

objection, it is so ordered.

TRIBUTE TO NOAH THOMPSON

Mr. M

CONNELL. Madam President,

the Country Music Highway cuts

through seven counties in eastern Ken-

tucky that have produced some of the

finest singers in American history,

from Loretta Lynn, to Chris Stapleton,

to Ricky Skaggs. Now, this formidable

list of world-famous Kentucky country

artists has a new member: Noah

Thompson. Today, I ask my colleagues

to join me in honoring Noah for becom-

ing the first Kentuckian to win ‘‘Amer-

ican Idol.’’

A few months ago, few people—even

in Noah’s hometown of Louisa—had

ever heard America’s best new vocalist

perform. Noah was working as a con-

struction worker at Addiction Recov-

ery Care, had never sung publicly, and

hadn’t even been musically trained.

When Noah’s best friend Arthur signed

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATES2660 May 24, 2022

him up for ‘‘American Idol,’’ the singer

worried about making it past audi-

tions, never imagining he would earn

the ‘‘golden ticket’’ to Hollywood, let

alone become a finalist.

But Arthur believed Noah had a spe-

cial talent, and, after several arduous

rounds, he emerged victorious after re-

ceiving the most votes out of 16 million

cast by fans all across the country. In

the process, he brought the ‘‘American

Idol’’ camera crew back to Louisa to

film a hometown video with commu-

nity leaders, his family, and thousands

of fans. He shined a light on eastern

Kentucky, sharing the special culture

and history that makes the region such

a hotbed for musical talent.

Throughout the contest, Noah radi-

ated humility and warmth. Labeled the

‘‘king of ‘aw shucks’ ’’ by one of the

judges, he entered every round of com-

petition with the best of Kentucky’s

attitude and spirit. Even when Noah

caught COVID–19 and had to isolate in

his hotel room, he performed cheer-

fully and continued to win viewers’

hearts.

I am proud of Noah for winning this

contest and jumping headfirst into

what I can only imagine will be a suc-

cessful musical career. And I am proud

of Louisa, KY, for producing such a

fine young gentleman to represent the

Commonwealth on the national stage.

On behalf of the Senate, I share our

congratulations with Noah and wish

him the best as he pursues his dreams

as a recording artist.

TRIBUTE TO CYNDY NOVOTNY

Mr. BARRASSO. Madam President, I

rise today to celebrate the retirement

of Cyndy Novotny, principal of St. An-

thony’s Tri-Parish Catholic School in

Casper, WY.

This summer, Cyndy Novotny marks

her 17th and final year as principal at

St. Anthony’s School. The present St.

Anthony’s School building stands as a

testament to her 45-year career in edu-

cation. St. Anthony’s Catholic School

was dedicated on September 27, 1927, in

the belief that education is one of the

most important ways that the Catholic

Church fulfills its commitment to God.

St. Anthony’s School is dedicated to

achieving academic excellence in a

faith-filled community. Guided by

strong religious and educational lead-

ership, Casper students from preschool

through eighth grade can learn to live

enriched lives committed to Christian

service.

Cyndy was instrumental in the de-

sign and fundraising for this classic,

state-of-the-art building. The school is

able to meet students’ educational

needs while keeping them connected to

their faith. Her skills in fundraising

also supported student tuition, making

Christian education accessible for

many families.

Cyndy grew up in the Chicago area,

receiving her bachelor of science in ele-

mentary education from Illinois State

University in 1977. After moving to

Casper, she taught at several schools,

including first grade at Southridge Ele-

mentary for 7 years and second grade

at Sagewood Elementary for another 7

years. While continuing to teach, she

earned her master’s degree in teaching

from Grand Canyon University in 2001.

Cyndy was a leading light in the de-

velopment of the groundbreaking inno-

vative Woods Learning Center in Cas-

per. Cyndy taught at Woods for 14

years before accepting the principal po-

sition at St. Anthony’s Tri-Parish

Catholic School.

Cyndy is an accomplished academi-

cian, educator, and public servant. She

worked to enhance educational cur-

riculum and administration as a speak-

er at the National School Board An-

nual Convention and International

Reading Association Annual Con-

ference. Cyndy is also a dedicated wife,

mother, and grandmother. While teach-

ing, she met her husband, Scott

Novotny, a now-retired teacher from

Natrona County High School. To-

gether, they have three children, Mick

Novotny with wife Dr. Ruma Novotny,

Caitlin Dixon with husband Brian

Dixon, and Connor Novotny. Cyndy and

Scott also have five grandchildren:

Ashwin, Colter, Aubrey, Austin, and

Jackson.

Cyndy’s community involvement is

extensive, having been awarded the

Natrona County School District Sig-

nificant Educator three times and the

Ellbogen Meritorious Education Award

She was nominated for Disney Teacher

of the Year and was twice nominated

for the Presidential Awards for Excel-

lence in Mathematics and Science

Teaching.

Children across Wyoming and the Na-

tion benefited from her involvement

with the National Education Associa-

tion, National Center of Innovation

Conference, Wyoming Reading Associa-

tion, and Casper Reading Association.

Cyndy’s accomplishments and con-

tributions will continue to enrich the

education of future generations of stu-

dents. The community thanks Cyndy

for her public service. We recognize her

invaluable contribution to the St. An-

thony’s Tri-Parish Catholic School,

Natrona County School District No. 1,

and the development of educational

curriculum across Wyoming. Cyndy is

a pillar of the Casper community.

Cyndy’s dedication to her faith is evi-

dent through her service as a eucha-

ristic minister, Music Minister, and a

member of the Parish Council at St.

Patrick’s Catholic Church. She exem-

plifies Christian values and the Code of

the West, living each day with courage

and taking pride in her work. Cyndy’s

joy in her work touched the lives of

hundreds of children, including my

own.

It is with great pleasure that I recog-

nize this outstanding member of our

Wyoming community. My wife Bobbi

joins me in extending our best wishes

to Cyndy Novotny upon her retire-

ment.

150TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE WYO-

MING STOCK GROWERS ASSOCIA-

TION

Mr. BARRASSO. Madam President, I

rise today to honor the 150th anniver-

sary of the Wyoming Stock Growers

Association. This organization is of in-

credible historical and influential im-

portance for the State of Wyoming and

agriculture everywhere.

From Wednesday, June 8, to Satur-

day, June 11, 2022, the Wyoming Stock

Growers Association will host their an-

nual Wyoming Cattle Industry Conven-

tion. They will celebrate their 150th

anniversary with a rodeo, banquet, and

parade. They will meet in Cheyenne,

WY, where they can trace their begin-

nings back to 1872. There, a group of

five cattlemen met in a livery stable to

organize a group to tackle the growing

threat of stock rustlers. Their organi-

zation, then known as the Stock Asso-

ciation of Laramie County, was only

the second State cattlemen association

in the United States. Wyoming, how-

ever, was not yet a State.

Over the years, members included

mayors, State legislators, Governors,

and congressmen. U.S. Senators Robert

D. Carey, John B. Kendrick, and Cliff

Hansen all served as presidents of the

Wyoming Stock Growers Association.

My colleague Senator C

YNTHIA

UMMIS

is an honorary life member.

Every Wyoming student knows of the

infamous 1889–1893 Johnson County

War involving the Wyoming Stock

Growers Association. It required inter-

vention by U.S. cavalry troops sent by

President Benjamin Harrison. The con-

flict has been recounted by numerous

personalities ranging from rodeo cham-

pion and singer/songwriter Chris

LeDoux to the fictional Rooster

Cogburn.

Today, you will find members pro-

moting the beef industry through their

Young Producers Assembly, Environ-

mental Stewardship Program, Centen-

nial Farm and Ranch Program, and the

Endowment Trust.

Local input is essential to the serv-

ices provided by the Wyoming Stock

Growers. On any given week, you will

find a county cattlemen group meeting

together to bring their issues and pri-

orities to the State association. The

Stock Growers’ auxiliary, the Cow-

Belles, are integral members of their

communities and are fantastic pro-

moters of Wyoming’s beef industry.

Regional education events bring val-

uable expertise to the raising of

healthy cattle on healthy lands. Infor-

mation is made widely available

through their various publications. The

association’s staff does an incredible

job of serving their membership

through educating and promoting their

trade to the public.

The Wyoming Stock Growers of 2022

have a remarkable leadership team.

Executive director Jim Magagna has

lead the association since 1998 and is

Wyoming beef’s greatest advocate. He

is joined by Olivia Sanchez and Susan

Skinner in their office in Cheyenne.

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2661 May 24, 2022

The board of directors includes presi-

dent David Kane, first vice president

Jack Berger, regional vice presidents

Kahla Mills, Dan Frank, Leif Hanson,

Brad Mead, Darla Griffin, and Young

Producers Assembly president Sage

Askin. These steadfast individuals

wear many hats in their communities

and around Wyoming. Their dedication

will ensure a robust cattle industry in

the state and a strong organization to

support them well into the future.

The mission of the Wyoming Stock

Growers is an important one to the

character of the State. They advocate

for the cattle industry and rural life.

They develop policies to conserve and

best manage the vast Wyoming land-

scape. They work with regulators at

every facet of government. The Great

Seal on every Wyoming flag and our

State seal displays a rancher. This is

the heritage of the stewards of the land

who provide the Nation with quality

products and food on their tables.

Cattlemen and their families created

towns and built economies around the

industry starting when Wyoming was

still a territory. The tenacity and prin-

ciples of these hard-working people are

embodied through our Code of the

West, the University of Wyoming’s

‘‘Cowboys,’’ and the work of the Wyo-

ming Stock Growers. The theme of the

Stock Growers centennial celebration

in 1972 was ‘‘Guardian of the Grass-

lands.’’ They continue to serve and

conserve their industry and values in

an ever-changing environment.

It is a great privilege to recognize

this incredible organization and their

dedication to the Wyoming’s cattle and

agriculture industry. Bobbi joins me in

extending our congratulations and deep

gratitude to the Wyoming Stock Grow-

ers Association on their 150th anniver-

sary celebration.

ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS

TRIBUTE TO HERSHEL ‘‘WOODY’’

WILLIAMS

∑ Mr. DAINES. Madam President,

today I have the honor of recognizing a

true American hero, Hershel ‘‘Woody’’

Williams. Woody is a veteran of the

U.S. Marine Corps and recipient of the

Congressional Medal of Honor for his

immense bravery during the Battle of

Iwo Jima in World War II. Woody is

also a former representative of the Vet-

erans Administration and founder of

the Hershel ‘‘Woody’’ Williams Medal

of Honor Foundation.

Woody always had a desire to serve

his country, and to this day, he con-

tinues that effort. His initial attempt

to enlist in the U.S. Marine Corps, at

just 17 years old, was derailed by his

disapproving mother. The following

year, he was again denied entry be-

cause he did not meet the height re-

quirement. However, at the age of 19

and after the height requirement had

been reduced, Woody finally was able

to join the Marine Corps and begin a

journey that would not only bring

honor to his family and friends, but to

our entire Nation.

After training as a flame thrower op-

erator, Woody was deployed to the Pa-

cific where he fought in the Guadal-

canal Campaign and in Guam. On Feb-

ruary 21, 1945, he landed at Iwo Jima.

With the support of just four marine

gunners, Woody gallantly eliminated

pillbox after pillbox, successfully re-

ducing heavy machinegun fire to make

way for our advancing troops. Even

though the situation was beyond des-

perate, he continued on, knowing what

needed to be done to win and to save

the lives of his brothers. When the bat-

tle concluded, he had eliminated six

enemy pillboxes.

That same day, U.S. forces heroically

hoisted the American flag on top of

Mount Suribachi. Woody’s bravery was

instrumental to the military success at

Iwo Jima, and his bravery was ac-

knowledged at the White House by

President Harry Truman on October 5,

1945, with the Medal of Honor. In addi-

tion to those honors, an Armed Forces

Center in Woody’s hometown of Fair-

mont, WV, holds his name. The Hershel

‘‘Woody’’ Williams Armed Forces Re-

serves Center is the only National

Guard facility in the country to bear

the name of a living marine. Also hon-

oring Woody is a Veterans of Foreign

Wars post in Fairmont, WV, a bridge in

Barboursville, WV, and an Expedi-

tionary Sea Base Vessel.

Woody continued to serve his coun-

try well after the war, working for the

Veterans Administration as a veteran

service representative for 33 years out

of offices in West Virginia and New

Mexico, where he continued to serve

his military family. After Woody re-

tired in 1979, he continued to support

veterans through the Hershel ‘‘Woody’’

Williams Medal of Honor Foundation.

This foundation preserves the memory

of the brave men lost at war, remind-

ing us all of the price that must be paid

for freedom. His effort to build Gold

Star Family Memorials in all 50 States

is also coming to a successful close,

with the 50th memorial being unveiled

in Bozeman, MT, on Memorial Day,

2022.

It is because of heroes like Woody,

that America is known as the land of

the free and the home of brave. I want

to thank you, Mr. W

ILLIAMS

, for your

continued service to our great country

and for displaying such tremendous

courage, not only during times of war,

but throughout your life.∑

RECOGNIZING THE TRICENTEN-

NIAL OF THE TOWN OF HAMP-

TON FALLS, NEW HAMPSHIRE

∑ Ms. HASSAN. Madam President, I

rise today to join Granite Staters in

celebrating the 300th anniversary, as

well as the rich history and vibrant

present, of the Town of Hampton Falls,

NH.

Originally a parish of the Town of

Hampton, Hampton Falls later was es-

tablished as an independent town, gain-

ing its name from the falls located on

the surrounding river. The town’s his-

tory is reflected in its rural roots;

many of its early residents worked in

the timber industry or on farms in the

region, and it is home to one of the old-

est working apple orchards in the coun-

try. And over the last 300 years, Hamp-

ton Falls has been home to prominent

New Hampshire citizens, including the

first Governor of New Hampshire and

poet John Greenleaf Whittier.

The residents of Hampton Falls are

also dedicated to preserving this his-

tory; the Hampton Falls Historical So-

ciety’s motto is ‘‘Our future is a

present from the past.’’ Learning from

our past and remembering our history

is essential to a healthy democracy,

and I applaud the Hampton Falls com-

munity for its commitment to its his-

tory.

Today with its 2,400 residents, Hamp-

ton Falls remains a small-town resi-

dential and agricultural community.

From its small business community to

the orchards and horse farms that re-

flect its agricultural beginnings,

Hampton Falls is a vital part of New

Hampshire’s Seacoast.

While Hampton Falls has changed

over the years, what has remained is

the strong sense of community that

makes New Hampshire a great place to

live, work, visit, and raise a family.

I want to thank everyone involved in

the tricentennial celebrations hap-

pening throughout Hampton Falls this

year to help mark this milestone. I

hope that the residents and visitors

alike are able to enjoy the year’s

events and reflect upon Hampton Falls’

abundant history and vibrant culture.∑

RECOGNIZING DRUTHER’S

RESTAURANT

∑ Mr. PAUL. Madam President, as

ranking member of the Senate Com-

mittee on Small Business and Entre-

preneurship, each week I recognize an

outstanding Kentucky small business

that exemplifies the American entre-

preneurial spirit. This week, it is my

privilege to recognize the small busi-

ness, Druther’s Restaurant of Camp-

bellsville, KY, as the Senate Small

Business of the Week.

Steve McCarty, owner and operator

of the last remaining Druther’s res-

taurant in the world, understands the

importance of commitment and pas-

sion when managing a business. His

dad built the Campbellsville store in

1970, originally named Burger Queen

before the company’s rebrand to Druth-

er’s in 1980. It was an independent fran-

chise fully owned by the McCarty fam-

ily. Steve developed a love for the

Druther’s business at a young age, as

he began working there at only 15

years old. At its peak of success, the

Druther’s franchise had around 200 lo-

cations spanning from Florida to Mis-

souri, as well as international loca-

tions and a devoted consumer base. In

light of financial woes burdening the

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATES2662 May 24, 2022

company in the early 1990s, the owners

decided to sell their business to Dairy

Queen, leaving 12 independent fran-

chises remaining. Despite this drastic

change within the company, Steve and

his family wanted to continue the

Druther’s tradition and keep their

independent restaurant open. Having

now worked at Druther’s for over 45

years, Steve McCarty is the embodi-

ment of dedication and persistence as

he works day in and day out to pre-

serve the Druther’s story.

To this day, Steve will have res-

taurant-goers come and visit Druther’s

from all over the country, seeking a

taste of the classic food they once cher-

ished. Druther’s has maintained the

same menu ever since its installation

in 1970, only adding additional items to

create a wider selection for customers.

Throughout its operation, Druther’s

has always been and continues to be a

shining example of what makes a great

restaurant: tasty food, excellent serv-

ice, and an unspoken familiarity

among staff and customers. Along with

its excellent food and atmosphere,

Druther’s is committed to giving back

to the people of Campbellsville and the

surrounding areas. Steve and his team

have been a part of several charitable

initiatives, including donating to the

Toys for Tots program, sending food to

Taylor County High School in Camp-

bellsville, and providing free hot meals

to all Taylor County residents affected

by tornadoes in December of 2021.

Druther’s continues to provide a

sense of joyful nostalgia that their

loyal customers love. The restaurant’s

devotion to keeping the magic of the

brand alive is evident among their

staff, as Steve works alongside several

employees who have been there for

over a decade—a testament to both

Steve as a business owner and to the

wonderful work environment he has

cultivated since Druther’s founding.

The old-fashioned and welcoming na-

ture of Druther’s makes it the perfect

time-capsule for Kentuckians to re-live

cherished memories of days gone by.

Druther’s unwavering commitment to

high quality and service is the reason

why people from all over the country

are willing to travel hundreds of miles

to enjoy their delicious food. This res-

taurant demonstrates the important

role small businesses play within a

tightknit community, providing joy

and support to their friends and neigh-

bors alike. Congratulations to Steve

and the entire Druther’s team. I wish

them the best of luck and look forward

to watching their continued growth

and success in Kentucky.∑

TRIBUTE TO KIRK MILLER

∑ Mr. TESTER. Madam President, I

would like to share a few words today

to honor an outstanding Montana edu-

cator who is retiring at the end of this

school year.

Kirk Miller has dedicated his career

to bettering the lives of the next gen-

eration of Montanans. Over the years,

Kirk served as a teacher, a principal,

and a superintendent before being ap-

pointed to the Montana Board of Pub-

lic Education where he later served as

chair. As Bozeman schools super-

intendent, Kirk played a key role in

improving infrastructure for students

for years to come. He championed nu-

merous successful initiatives that

strengthened public education in the

region and served as a template for

other communities to follow.

At the end of this year, Kirk will be

retiring from his most recent position

as executive director of the School Ad-

ministrators of Montana, where he has

worked tirelessly to support adminis-

trators and educators across the State.

Those who have been lucky enough to

work with Kirk recognize that he has a

knack for connecting with people, even

those who have different views than his

own. And his passion for public edu-

cation shines through in everything he

does.

Under Kirk’s leadership, the School

Administrators of Montana established

the Leaders Professional Learning Pro-

gram, or SAM LPLP, a mentorship pro-

gram that brings administrators from

across the State together to receive

student-focused, solution-based profes-

sional development training. The SAM

LPLP has served more than 500 admin-

istrators to date.

As a former public school teacher I

commend Kirk for his steadfast com-

mitment to improving our school sys-

tem from the top down. In addition to

his work, Kirk has a lot to be proud

of—in particular, the wonderful family

he has built with his wife of 42 years,

Nan. A lifelong educator and a dear

friend to many, Kirk has shown

through his kindness and work ethic

that he is truly dedicated to bettering

the lives of the next generation of Mon-

tanans. Thank you for your service,

Kirk; our Montana schools are better

because of you.∑

MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT

Messages from the President of the

United States were communicated to

the Senate by Mr. Swann, one of his

secretaries.

EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED

In executive session the Presiding Of-

ficer laid before the Senate messages

from the President of the United

States submitting sundry nominations

which were referred to the appropriate

committees.

(The messages received today are

printed at the end of the Senate pro-

ceedings.)

MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE

At 10:23 a.m., a message from the

House of Representatives, delivered by

Mrs. Cole, one of its reading clerks, an-

nounced that pursuant to section 1 of

the Library of Congress Trust Fund

Board Act (2 U.S.C. 154), and the order

of the House of January 4, 2021, the

Speaker appoints the following indi-

vidual on the part of the House of Rep-

resentatives to the Library of Congress

Trust Fund Board for a five-year term,

to fill the existing vacancy theron: Ms.

Iris Weinshall of Brooklyn, New York.

MEASURES REFERRED

The following bills were read the first

and the second times by unanimous

consent, and referred as indicated:

H.R. 1215. An act to establish an office

within the Federal Trade Commission and an

outside advisory group to prevent fraud tar-

geting seniors and to direct the Commission

to include additional information in an an-

nual report to Congress on fraud targeting

seniors, and for other purposes; to the Com-

mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor-

tation.

H.R. 1620. An act to reauthorize the Vio-

lence Against Women Act of 1994, and for

other purposes; to the Committee on the Ju-

diciary.

H.R. 3005. An act to direct the Joint Com-

mittee on the Library to replace the bust of

Roger Brooke Taney in the Old Supreme

Court Chamber of the United States Capitol

with a bust of Thurgood Marshall to be ob-

tained by the Joint Committee on the Li-

brary and to remove certain statues from

areas of the United States Capitol which are

accessible to the public, to remove all stat-

ues of individuals who voluntarily served the

Confederate States of America from display

in the United States Capitol, and for other

purposes; to the Committee on Rules and Ad-

ministration.

MEASURES READ THE FIRST TIME

The following bills were read the first

time:

H.R. 8. An act to require a background

check for every firearm sale.

H.R. 1446. An act to amend chapter 44 of

title 18, United States Code, to strengthen

the background check procedures to be fol-

lowed before a Federal firearms licensee may

transfer a firearm to a person who is not

such a licensee.

H.R. 3807. An act to amend the American

Rescue Plan Act of 2021 to increase appro-

priations to the Restaurant Revitalization

Fund, and for other purposes.

H.R. 3967. An act to improve health care

and benefits for veterans exposed to toxic

substances, and for other purposes.

H.R. 6833. An act to amend title XXVII of

the Public Health Service Act, the Internal

Revenue Code of 1986, and the Employee Re-

tirement Income Security Act of 1974 to es-

tablish requirements with respect to cost-

sharing for certain insulin products, and for

other purposes.

EXECUTIVE AND OTHER

COMMUNICATIONS

The following communications were

laid before the Senate, together with

accompanying papers, reports, and doc-

uments, and were referred as indicated:

EC–4204. A communication from the Asso-

ciate Director of the Regulatory Manage-

ment Division, Environmental Protection

Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, the

report of a rule entitled

‘‘Cocamidopropylamine oxide; Exemption

from the Requirement of a Tolerance’’ (FRL

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2663 May 24, 2022

No. 8959–01–OCSPP) received in the Office of

the President of the Senate on May 18, 2022;

to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition,

and Forestry.

EC–4205. A communication from the Asso-

ciate Director of the Regulatory Manage-

ment Division, Environmental Protection

Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, the

report of a rule entitled ‘‘Flonicamid; Pes-

ticide Tolerances’’ (FRL No. 9738–01–OCSPP)

received in the Office of the President of the

Senate on May 18, 2022; to the Committee on

Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.

EC–4206. A communication from the Asso-

ciate Director of the Regulatory Manage-

ment Division, Environmental Protection

Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, the

report of a rule entitled ‘‘Fluopicolide; Pes-

ticide Tolerances’’ (FRL No. 9622–01–OCSPP)

received in the Office of the President of the

Senate on May 18, 2022; to the Committee on

Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.

EC–4207. A communication from the Chair

and President of the Export-Import Bank,

transmitting, pursuant to law, a report rel-

ative to a transaction involving U.S. exports

to the Netherlands; to the Committee on

Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.

EC–4208. A communication from the Senior

Congressional Liaison, Legislative Affairs,

Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection,

transmitting, pursuant to law, a report enti-

tled ‘‘Fair Debt Collection Practices Act An-

nual Report’’; to the Committee on Banking,

Housing, and Urban Affairs.

EC–4209. A communication from the Assist-

ant Secretary for Legislative Affairs, De-

partment of Homeland Security, transmit-

ting seventeen (17) legislative proposals rel-

ative to the Federal Emergency Management

Agency’s (FEMA) National Flood Insurance

Program (NFIP); to the Committee on Bank-

ing, Housing, and Urban Affairs.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES

The following reports of committees

were submitted:

By Mr. PETERS, from the Committee on

Homeland Security and Governmental Af-

fairs, with an amendment:

S. 2559. A bill to establish the National

Deepfake and Digital Provenance Task

Force, and for other purposes (Rept. No. 117–

114).

By Mr. PETERS, from the Committee on

Homeland Security and Governmental Af-

fairs, with an amendment in the nature of a

substitute:

S. 3099. A bill to amend title 44, United

States Code, to establish the Federal Risk

and Authorization Management Program

within the General Services Administration,

and for other purposes (Rept. No. 117–115).

By Mr. PETERS, from the Committee on

Homeland Security and Governmental Af-

fairs, without amendment:

S. 3470. A bill to provide for the implemen-

tation of certain trafficking in contracting

provisions, and for other purposes (Rept. No.

117–116).

By Mr. PETERS, from the Committee on

Homeland Security and Governmental Af-

fairs, with an amendment in the nature of a

substitute:

S. 3510. A bill to require the Director of the

Office of Management and Budget to issue

guidance with respect to natural disaster re-

silience, and for other purposes (Rept. No.

117–117).

By Mr. PETERS, from the Committee on

Homeland Security and Governmental Af-

fairs, without amendment:

H.R. 367. An act to amend the Homeland

Security Act of 2002 to establish an acquisi-

tion professional career program, and for

other purposes (Rept. No. 117–118).

By Mr. MENENDEZ, from the Committee

on Foreign Relations, without amendment

and with a preamble:

S. Res. 341. A resolution commemorating

the 70th anniversary of the signing of the Se-

curity Treaty among Australia, New Zea-

land, and the United States of America.

S. Res. 390. A resolution expressing appre-

ciation for the State of Qatar’s efforts to as-

sist the United States during Operation Al-

lies Refuge.

S. Res. 499. A resolution celebrating 100

years of diplomatic relations between the

United States and the Baltic States.

By Mr. MENENDEZ, from the Committee

on Foreign Relations, with an amendment in

the nature of a substitute and with an

amended preamble:

S. Res. 529. A resolution supporting a

democratic, pluralistic, and prosperous Bos-

nia and Herzegovina on the 30th Anniversary

of its declaration of independence.

By Mr. MENENDEZ, from the Committee

on Foreign Relations, without amendment

and with a preamble:

S. Res. 538. A resolution expressing support

for a second United States-Africa Leaders

Summit as an important opportunity to

strengthen ties between the United States

and African partners and build on areas of

mutual interest.

S. Res. 615. A resolution expressing appre-

ciation for the efforts of the Republic of Po-

land to assist Ukrainian refugees and sup-

port the sovereignty of Ukraine following

the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

S. Res. 632. A resolution calling for the im-

mediate release of Russian opposition leader

Vladimir Kara-Murza, who was unjustly de-

tained on April 11, 2022.

EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF

COMMITTEE

The following executive reports of

nominations were submitted:

By Mr. REED for the Committee on Armed

Services.

Army nominations beginning with Col.

John P. Cogbill and ending with Col. Samuel

L. Peterson, which nominations were re-

ceived by the Senate and appeared in the

Congressional Record on December 6, 2021.

Army nomination of Col. Craig S.

Gatzemeyer, to be Brigadier General.

Marine Corps nominations beginning with

Col. Robert B. Brodie and ending with Col.

David C. Walsh, which nominations were re-

ceived by the Senate and appeared in the

Congressional Record on January 5, 2022.

*Army nomination of Maj. Gen. Milford H.

Beagle, Jr., to be Lieutenant General.

*Air Force nomination of Maj. Gen. John

D. Lamontagne, to be Lieutenant General.

*Air Force nomination of Maj. Gen. Leon-

ard J. Kosinski, to be Lieutenant General.

*Air Force nomination of Lt. Gen. Steven

L. Basham, to be Lieutenant General.

*Air Force nomination of Brig. Gen. Caro-

line M. Miller, to be Lieutenant General.

*Air Force nomination of Lt. Gen. Tim-

othy D. Haugh, to be Lieutenant General.

*Army nomination of Maj. Gen. John P.

Sullivan, to be Lieutenant General.

*Navy nomination of Vice Adm. Lisa M.

Franchetti, to be Admiral.

*Navy nomination of Rear Adm. (lh) Craig

A. Clapperton, to be Vice Admiral.

*Navy nomination of Rear Adm. (lh) Rich-

ard J. Cheeseman, Jr., to be Vice Admiral.

*Navy nomination of Vice Adm. Stephen T.

Koehler, to be Vice Admiral.

*Navy nomination of Rear Adm. Sara A.

Joyner, to be Vice Admiral.

*Air Force nomination of Maj. Gen. Andrea

D. Tullos, to be Lieutenant General.

Space Force nominations beginning with

Col. Robert J. Hutt and ending with Col.

Brian D. Sidari, which nominations were re-

ceived by the Senate and appeared in the

Congressional Record on May 3, 2022.

Army nomination of Brig. Gen. James J.

Kokaska, Jr., to be Major General.

*Air Force nomination of Lt. Gen. Gregory

M. Guillot, to be Lieutenant General.

*Air Force nomination of Maj. Gen. Alexus

G. Grynkewich, to be Lieutenant General.

*Air Force nomination of Maj. Gen. Rich-

ard G. Moore, Jr., to be Lieutenant General.

*Air Force nomination of Maj. Gen. Mi-

chael J. Schmidt, to be Lieutenant General.

*Air Force nomination of Maj. Gen.

Charles L. Plummer, to be Lieutenant Gen-

eral.

*Army nomination of Maj. Gen. Steven W.

Gilland, to be Lieutenant General.

*Army nomination of Maj. Gen. Omar J.

Jones IV, to be Lieutenant General.

*Army nomination of Maj. Gen. James B.

Jarrard, to be Lieutenant General.

*Army nomination of Maj. Gen. Kevin

Vereen, to be Lieutenant General.

*Marine Corps nomination of Maj. Gen.

Brian W. Cavanaugh, to be Lieutenant Gen-

eral.

Navy nomination of Capt. Aaron C. Rugh,

to be Rear Admiral (lower half).

*Navy nomination of Rear Adm. Frank M.

Bradley, to be Vice Admiral.

*Navy nomination of Rear Adm. Michael E.

Boyle, to be Vice Admiral.

Air Force nomination of Col. Jeremiah J.

Cruz, to be Brigadier General.

Army nominations beginning with Col.

Jason B. Nicholson and ending with Col. Pat-

rick A. Teague, which nominations were re-

ceived by the Senate and appeared in the

Congressional Record on May 12, 2022.

Army nominations beginning with Col.

Roger S. Giraud and ending with Col. Lance

C. Raney, which nominations were received

by the Senate and appeared in the Congres-

sional Record on May 12, 2022.

Army nominations beginning with Col.

Gail E. Atkins and ending with Col. Brian D.

Vile, which nominations were received by

the Senate and appeared in the Congres-

sional Record on May 12, 2022. (minus 2 nomi-

nees: Col. Sarah K. Albrycht; Col. Kevin J.

Lambert)

Army nomination of Brig. Gen. Paula C.

Lodi, to be Major General.

*Marine Corps nomination of Maj. Gen. Mi-

chael S. Cederholm, to be Lieutenant Gen-

eral.

Mr. REED. Mr. President, for the

Committee on Armed Services I report

favorably the following nomination

lists which were printed in the

RECORDS on the dates indicated, and

ask unanimous consent, to save the ex-

pense of reprinting on the Executive

Calendar that these nominations lie at

the Secretary’s desk for the informa-

tion of Senators.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without

objection, it is so ordered.

Air Force nomination of Even Thomas

Rogers, to be Major.

Air Force nomination of Justine E. Feast-

er, to be Major.

Air Force nomination of Joshua J. Kim, to

be Major.

Air Force nomination of Guilene C.

Derisma, to be Lieutenant Colonel.

Air Force nomination of Benjamin M.

Pancoast, to be Colonel.

Air Force nominations beginning with

Jonathon B. Haba and ending with Robert C.

Livingston, which nominations were re-

ceived by the Senate and appeared in the

Congressional Record on May 5, 2022.

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATES2664 May 24, 2022

Air Force nomination of Ronald Hustwit,

to be Lieutenant Colonel.

Air Force nominations beginning with

Thomas E. Accuosti and ending with Sean L.

Zoufaly, which nominations were received by

the Senate and appeared in the Congres-

sional Record on May 12, 2022.

Air Force nominations beginning with

Daniel Stephen Adams and ending with

Spencer G. Wood, which nominations were

received by the Senate and appeared in the

Congressional Record on May 12, 2022.

Air Force nominations beginning with

Cody L. Adkins and ending with Honghao

Wu, which nominations were received by the

Senate and appeared in the Congressional

Record on May 12, 2022.

Air Force nominations beginning with

Monica C. Abongan and ending with Alexis

B. Zuniga, which nominations were received

by the Senate and appeared in the Congres-

sional Record on May 12, 2022.

Air Force nominations beginning with

Zahi Y. Abi Chaker and ending with Mat-

thew T. Zettler, which nominations were re-

ceived by the Senate and appeared in the

Congressional Record on May 12, 2022.

Air Force nominations beginning with Abi-

gail M. Akyeampong and ending with

Nichole L. Yang, which nominations were re-

ceived by the Senate and appeared in the

Congressional Record on May 12, 2022.

Air Force nominations beginning with

Myron G. Acosta and ending with Moshood

A. Yinusa, which nominations were received

by the Senate and appeared in the Congres-

sional Record on May 12, 2022.

Air Force nominations beginning with

Megan E. Anderson and ending with Ben-

jamin J. Wilson, which nominations were re-

ceived by the Senate and appeared in the

Congressional Record on May 12, 2022.

Air Force nominations beginning with Arif

Nasir Ali and ending with John Thomas

Zupancic, which nominations were received

by the Senate and appeared in the Congres-

sional Record on May 12, 2022.

Air Force nominations beginning with

Timothy M. Aanerud and ending with

Kristen M. Zeigler, which nominations were

received by the Senate and appeared in the

Congressional Record on May 12, 2022.

Army nomination of Larry J. Saunders,

Jr., to be Colonel.

Army nomination of Daphne C. Mitchell

Wright, to be Lieutenant Colonel.

Army nomination of Devanie N. Johnson,

to be Lieutenant Colonel.

Army nomination of Ralph C. Merrill, to

be Lieutenant Colonel.

Army nomination of Jason S. Wenger, to

be Lieutenant Colonel.

Army nomination of Matthew T.

Etheridge, to be Lieutenant Colonel.

Army nomination of David S. Yu, to be

Lieutenant Colonel.

Army nomination of Victor F. Sorano, to

be Lieutenant Colonel.

Army nomination of Laura A. Proffit, to

be Lieutenant Colonel.

Army nomination of D011783, to be Lieu-

tenant Colonel.

Army nomination of Joseph F. Capetillo,

to be Lieutenant Colonel.

Army nomination of Joseph T. Reuben, to

be Lieutenant Colonel.

Army nomination of Lyman S.

Reynoldson, to be Lieutenant Colonel.

Army nominations beginning with Mark J.

Brooks and ending with Harold G. Woomer,

Jr., which nominations were received by the

Senate and appeared in the Congressional

Record on April 28, 2022.

Army nomination of Brian R. Seidel, to be

Colonel.

Army nominations beginning with Steve

Blackwell and ending with Kevin J. Park,

which nominations were received by the Sen-

ate and appeared in the Congressional

Record on April 28, 2022.

Army nomination of Wayne A. Dunlap, to

be Lieutenant Colonel.

Army nomination of Brian M. Stieritz, to

be Lieutenant Colonel.

Army nomination of David C. Hilling, to be

Lieutenant Colonel.

Army nomination of Christopher R.

Thielenhaus, to be Lieutenant Colonel.

Army nominations beginning with Valeria

A. Anderson and ending with Melville C. Wil-

son, Jr., which nominations were received by

the Senate and appeared in the Congres-

sional Record on May 2, 2022.

Army nominations beginning with Glenn

P. Adams and ending with Robert Zizolfo,

which nominations were received by the Sen-

ate and appeared in the Congressional

Record on May 2, 2022.

Army nominations beginning with Todd W.

Atkinson and ending with George E. Zuniga,

which nominations were received by the Sen-

ate and appeared in the Congressional

Record on May 2, 2022.

Army nomination of Rj X. Niesen, to be

Major.

Army nomination of Robert A. Kearney, to

be Major.

Army nomination of Brandon S. Fletcher,

to be Major.

Army nomination of Daniel S. Rhoades, to

be Major.

Army nomination of Kirk J. Porter, to be

Major.

Army nomination of John A. Mailman, Jr.,

to be Colonel.

Marine Corps nominations beginning with

Mabel L. Balduf and ending with Jimmy J.

Wilson, which nominations were received by

the Senate and appeared in the Congres-

sional Record on January 31, 2022.

Navy nomination of Scott T. Wilbur, to be

Captain.

Navy nomination of Ritchie L. Taylor, to

be Captain.

Navy nomination of Neil Jain, to be Lieu-

tenant Commander.

Navy nomination of Scott C. DeMarco, to

be Commander.

Navy nomination of David D. Novotney, to

be Commander.

Navy nomination of Elizabeth C. Merrell,

to be Lieutenant Commander.

Navy nomination of Thomas M. Allen, to

be Lieutenant Commander.

Navy nomination of Coby S. Croft, to be

Captain.

Navy nomination of Leonard E. Haynes, to

be Captain.

Navy nomination of John P. Thompson, to

be Lieutenant Commander.

Navy nominations beginning with Ryan M.

Fitzgerald and ending with Matthew C.

Welch, which nominations were received by

the Senate and appeared in the Congres-

sional Record on April 28, 2022.

Navy nomination of Andrew E. Hinkley, to

be Lieutenant Commander.

Navy nomination of Thomas H. Wright, to

be Commander.

Navy nomination of Robert D. Croxson, to

be Captain.

Navy nominations beginning with Gregory

J. Andrews and ending with Kathleen T. Wil-

son, which nominations were received by the

Senate and appeared in the Congressional

Record on May 5, 2022.

Space Force nominations beginning with

Keith M. Morris and ending with Keith J.

Lashomb, which nominations were received

by the Senate and appeared in the Congres-

sional Record on May 2, 2022.

Space Force nominations beginning with

James D. Brooks and ending with Mahesa B.

Suprobo, which nominations were received

by the Senate and appeared in the Congres-

sional Record on May 2, 2022.

*Nomination was reported with rec-

ommendation that it be confirmed sub-

ject to the nominee’s commitment to

respond to requests to appear and tes-

tify before any duly constituted com-

mittee of the Senate.

(Nominations without an asterisk

were reported with the recommenda-

tion that they be confirmed.)

INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND

JOINT RESOLUTIONS

The following bills and joint resolu-

tions were introduced, read the first

and second times by unanimous con-

sent, and referred as indicated:

By Mr. BROWN (for himself, Mr.

ASEY

, Mr. B

LUMENTHAL

, Mr. W

HITE

HOUSE

, Mr. W

YDEN

, and Mr. B

OOKER

S. 4289. A bill to prohibit an employer from

terminating the coverage of an employee

under a group health plan while the em-

ployer is engaged in a lock-out, and for other

purposes; to the Committee on Health, Edu-

cation, Labor, and Pensions.

By Mrs. BLACKBURN (for herself, Mr.

COTT

of Florida, Mr. C

ASSIDY

, Mr.

UBIO

, Mr. T

ILLIS

, Mr. B

RAUN

, Mr.

RUZ

, and Mr. C

RAMER

S. 4290. A bill to impose certain require-

ments relating to the renegotiation or re-

entry into the Joint Comprehensive Plan of

Action or other agreement relating to Iran’s

nuclear program, and for other purposes; to

the Committee on Foreign Relations.

By Mr. KING (for himself and Mr. C

NYN

S. 4291. A bill to amend the Internal Rev-

enue Code of 1986 to increase the standard

charitable mileage rate for delivery of meals

to elderly, disabled, frail, and at-risk indi-

viduals; to the Committee on Finance.

By Mr. COTTON (for himself and Ms.

INEMA

S. 4292. A bill to amend the Sarbanes-Oxley

Act of 2002 to exclude the audits of privately

held, non-custody brokers and dealers that

are in good standing from certain require-

ments under title I of that act, and for other

purposes; to the Committee on Banking,

Housing, and Urban Affairs.

By Ms. CANTWELL (for herself and

Mr. G

RASSLEY

S. 4293. A bill to prevent unfair and decep-

tive acts or practices and the dissemination

of false information related to pharmacy

benefit management services for prescription

drugs, and for other purposes; to the Com-

mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor-

tation.

By Ms. ERNST (for herself, Mr. C

RUZ

Mr. G

RASSLEY

, Mr. M

ARSHALL

, Mr.

AINES

, and Mr. S

COTT

of Florida):

S. 4294. A bill to terminate certain con-

tracts relating to the construction of the

border fence and to transfer unused border

fence material to the States along the south-

west border; to the Committee on Homeland

Security and Governmental Affairs.

By Mr. WARNER (for himself and Mr.

RAPO

S. 4295. A bill to amend securities and

banking laws to make the information re-

ported to financial regulatory agencies elec-

tronically searchable, to further enable the

development of regulatory technologies and

artificial intelligence applications, to put

the United States on a path towards building

a comprehensive Standard Business Report-

ing program to ultimately harmonize and re-

duce the private sector’s regulatory compli-

ance burden, while enhancing transparency

and accountability, and for other purposes;

to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and

Urban Affairs.

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2665 May 24, 2022

By Ms. KLOBUCHAR (for herself and

Mr. B

LUNT

S. 4296. A bill to reauthorize the Virginia

Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act, and

for other purposes; to the Committee on

Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

By Mr. MANCHIN (for himself, Mr.

OUNDS

, Mr. H

EINRICH

, Mrs. C

APITO

Mr. L

UJA

, Mr. T

HUNE

, and Ms. H

SAN

S. 4297. A bill to repeal the VA Asset and

Infrastructure Review Act of 2018; to the

Committee on Veterans’ Affairs.

By Mr. WICKER (for himself and Mrs.

ISCHER

S. 4298. A bill to require the Transpor-

tation Security Administration to stand-

ardize the enrollment process for individuals

applying for multiple TSA security threat

assessment programs, including the TWIC,

HAZMAT Endorsement, and TSA PreCheck

programs of the Administration, and for

other purposes; to the Committee on Com-

merce, Science, and Transportation.

By Mr. KENNEDY:

S. 4299. A bill to repeal the sunset for col-

lateral requirements for Small Business Ad-

ministration disaster loans; to the Com-

mittee on Small Business and Entrepreneur-

ship.

By Mr. CRUZ:

S. 4300. A bill to express the sense of Con-

gress on security cooperation with Bahrain

and to require a report on capabilities up-

grades for the Fifth Fleet, and for other pur-

poses; to the Committee on Armed Services.

SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND

SENATE RESOLUTIONS

The following concurrent resolutions

and Senate resolutions were read, and

referred (or acted upon), as indicated:

By Mr. SCHUMER (for himself and Mr.

ASSIDY

S. Res. 647. A resolution designating the

last weekend of June 2022 to commemorate

the first weekend of the 1969 Harlem Cultural

Festival and the first full weekend of May to

commemorate the final weekend of the New

Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival of 1970;

considered and agreed to.

By Mr. DAINES (for himself, Mr. M

KEY

, Ms. S

INEMA

, Mr. V

OLLEN

Mr. K

ELLY

, and Ms. W

ARREN

S. Res. 648. A resolution designating May

2022 as ‘‘National Brain Tumor Awareness

Month’’; considered and agreed to.

By Mr. BLUNT (for himself and Mr.

AWLEY

S. Res. 649. A resolution congratulating the

Northwest Missouri State University

Bearcats men’s basketball team on winning

the 2022 Men’s Division II National Colle-

giate Athletics Association National Cham-

pionship; considered and agreed to.

ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS

At the request of Mr. G

RASSLEY

, the

name of the Senator from Texas (Mr.

RUZ

) was added as a cosponsor of S. 71,

a bill to expand the use of E–Verify to

hold employers accountable, and for

other purposes.

133

At the request of Ms. K

LOBUCHAR

, the

name of the Senator from Rhode Island

(Mr. W

HITEHOUSE

) was added as a co-

sponsor of S. 133, a bill to assist States

in carrying out projects to expand the

child care facilities in the States, and

for other purposes.

138

At the request of Mrs. F

EINSTEIN

, the

name of the Senator from New Mexico

(Mr. L

UJA

) was added as a cosponsor

of S. 138, a bill to waive certain pay

limitations for Department of Agri-

culture and Department of the Interior

employees engaged in emergency

wildland fire suppression activities,

and for other purposes.

350

At the request of Ms. H

ASSAN

, the

name of the Senator from Arizona (Mr.

ELLY

) was added as a cosponsor of S.

350, a bill to amend the Public Health

Service Act to reauthorize certain pro-

grams under part A of title XI of such

Act relating to genetic diseases, and

for other purposes.

377

At the request of Mrs. G

ILLIBRAND

the name of the Senator from New

Hampshire (Ms. H

ASSAN

) was added as

a cosponsor of S. 377, a bill to promote

and protect from discrimination living

organ donors.

596

At the request of Mr. C

ARPER

, the

name of the Senator from New York

(Mrs. G

ILLIBRAND

) was added as a co-

sponsor of S. 596, a bill to amend title

XVIII of the Social Security Act to

provide for the coordination of pro-

grams to prevent and treat obesity,

and for other purposes.

828

At the request of Mr. B

ARRASSO

, the

names of the Senator from Vermont

(Mr. S

ANDERS

) and the Senator from

Nevada (Ms. R

OSEN

) were added as co-

sponsors of S. 828, a bill to amend title

XVIII of the Social Security Act to

provide for the coverage of marriage

and family therapist services and men-

tal health counselor services under

part B of the Medicare program, and

for other purposes.

888

At the request of Mr. B

OOKER

, the

name of the Senator from Georgia (Mr.

SSOFF

) was added as a cosponsor of S.

888, a bill to prohibit discrimination

based on an individual’s texture or

style of hair.

969

At the request of Mr. P

AUL

, the name

of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. M

SHALL

) was added as a cosponsor of S.

969, a bill to establish Federal Regu-

latory Review Commissions, and for

other purposes.

1116

At the request of Mr. C

ARPER

, the

names of the Senator from Georgia

(Mr. O

SSOFF

), the Senator from Arizona

(Ms. S

INEMA

), the Senator from New

Hampshire (Ms. H

ASSAN

), the Senator

from California (Mr. P

ADILLA

), the Sen-

ator from New Mexico (Mr. H

EINRICH

)

and the Senator from New Mexico (Mr.

UJA

) were added as cosponsors of S.

1116, a bill to amend chapter 81 of title

5, United States Code, to create a pre-

sumption that a disability or death of

a Federal employee in fire protection

activities caused by any of certain dis-

eases is the result of the performance

of such employees duty, and for other

purposes.

1144

At the request of Ms. E

RNST

, the

name of the Senator from Alaska (Mr.

ULLIVAN

) was added as a cosponsor of

S. 1144, a bill to prohibit Federal fund-

ing of Planned Parenthood Federation

of America.

1187

At the request of Mr. B

ROWN

, the

names of the Senator from South Da-

kota (Mr. R

OUNDS

) and the Senator

from Alaska (Mr. S

ULLIVAN

) were added

as cosponsors of S. 1187, a bill to amend

the Tariff Act of 1930 to improve the

administration of antidumping and

countervailing duty laws, and for other

purposes.

1310

At the request of Mr. W

ICKER

, the

name of the Senator from Oklahoma

(Mr. L

ANKFORD

) was added as a cospon-

sor of S. 1310, a bill to oppose viola-

tions of religious freedom in Ukraine

by Russia and armed groups com-

manded by Russia.

1489

At the request of Mr. M

ENENDEZ

, the

name of the Senator from Montana

(Mr. D

AINES

) was added as a cosponsor

of S. 1489, a bill to amend the Inspector

General Act of 1978 to establish an In-

spector General of the Office of the

United States Trade Representative,

and for other purposes.

1544

At the request of Mr. G

RASSLEY

, the

name of the Senator from Michigan

(Ms. S

TABENOW

) was added as a cospon-

sor of S. 1544, a bill to amend title XIX

of the Social Security Act to stream-

line enrollment under the Medicaid

program of certain providers across

State lines, and for other purposes.

2065

At the request of Mr. B

ROWN

, the

name of the Senator from Vermont

(Mr. L

EAHY

) was added as a cosponsor

of S. 2065, a bill to amend title XVI of

the Social Security Act to update eligi-

bility for the supplemental security in-

come program, and for other purposes.

2607

At the request of Mr. P

ADILLA

, the

name of the Senator from Louisiana

(Mr. K

ENNEDY

) was added as a cospon-

sor of S. 2607, a bill to award a Congres-

sional Gold Medal to the former hos-

tages of the Iran Hostage Crisis of 1979–

1981, highlighting their resilience

throughout the unprecedented ordeal

that they lived through and the na-

tional unity it produced, marking 4

decades since their 444 days in cap-

tivity, and recognizing their sacrifice

to the United States.

3018

At the request of Mr. M

ARSHALL

, the

names of the Senator from Virginia

(Mr. K

AINE

) and the Senator from

Pennsylvania (Mr. C

ASEY

) were added

as cosponsors of S. 3018, a bill to amend

title XVIII of the Social Security Act

to establish requirements with respect

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATES2666 May 24, 2022

to the use of prior authorization under

Medicare Advantage plans, and for

other purposes.

3087

At the request of Mr. C

ASEY

, the

name of the Senator from Arizona (Mr.

ELLY

) was added as a cosponsor of S.

3087, a bill to amend the Internal Rev-

enue Code of 1986 to provide authority

to add additional vaccines to the list of

taxable vaccines.

3421

At the request of Mr. R

ISCH

, the

name of the Senator from Missouri

(Mr. B

LUNT

) was added as a cosponsor

of S. 3421, a bill to clarify that section

107 of the Countering America’s Adver-

saries Through Sanctions Act applies

sanctions with respect to unmanned

combat aerial vehicles following a 2019

change by the United Nations pro-

viding additional clarity to the United

Nations Register of Conventional

Arms.

3491

At the request of Mr. H

AGERTY

, the

name of the Senator from New Hamp-

shire (Mrs. S

HAHEEN

) was added as a co-

sponsor of S. 3491, a bill to establish a

commission to reform and modernize

the Department of State.

3684

At the request of Ms. S

INEMA

, the

name of the Senator from California

(Mrs. F

EINSTEIN

) was added as a co-

sponsor of S. 3684, a bill to amend title

VII of Social Security Act to provide

for a single point of contact at the So-

cial Security Administration for indi-

viduals who are victims of identity

theft.

3747

At the request of Mr. B

ROWN

, the

name of the Senator from Massachu-

setts (Ms. W

ARREN

) was added as a co-

sponsor of S. 3747, a bill to prohibit an

employer from terminating the cov-

erage of an employee under a group

health plan while the employee is en-

gaged in a lawful strike, and for other

purposes.

3909

At the request of Mr. K

AINE

, the

name of the Senator from New York

(Mrs. G

ILLIBRAND

) was added as a co-

sponsor of S. 3909, a bill to amend the

Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to make

employers of spouses of military per-

sonnel eligible for the work oppor-

tunity credit.

3944

At the request of Mr. B

LUMENTHAL

the name of the Senator from Vermont

(Mr. S

ANDERS

) was added as a cospon-

sor of S. 3944, a bill to improve the

safety of the air supply on aircraft, and

for other purposes.

4009

At the request of Mr. C

ASEY

, the

name of the Senator from West Vir-

ginia (Mrs. C

APITO

) was added as a co-

sponsor of S. 4009, a bill to amend title

XVIII of the Social Security Act to

rebase the calculation of payments for

sole community hospitals and Medi-

care-dependent hospitals, and for other

purposes.

4057

At the request of Mr. P

ETERS

, the

names of the Senator from Georgia

(Mr. O

SSOFF

) and the Senator from

Oklahoma (Mr. L

ANKFORD

) were added

as cosponsors of S. 4057, a bill to de-

velop a comprehensive, strategic plan

for Federal electric vehicle fleet bat-

tery management, and for other pur-

poses.

4105

At the request of Mr. B

ROWN

, the

names of the Senator from Mississippi

(Mr. W

ICKER

), the Senator from Wis-

consin (Ms. B

ALDWIN

) and the Senator

from Wyoming (Mr. B

ARRASSO

) were

added as cosponsors of S. 4105, a bill to

treat certain liquidations of new motor

vehicle inventory as qualified liquida-

tions of LIFO inventory for purposes of

the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

4111

At the request of Mr. H

OEVEN

, the

names of the Senator from North Caro-

lina (Mr. T

ILLIS

) and the Senator from

Tennessee (Mrs. B

LACKBURN

) were

added as cosponsors of S. 4111, a bill to

support research and State manage-

ment efforts relating to chronic wast-

ing disease, and for other purposes.

4135

At the request of Mr. H

AWLEY

, the

name of the Senator from Kansas (Mr.

ORAN

) was added as a cosponsor of S.

4135, a bill to dissolve the Department

of Homeland Security Disinformation

Governance Board, and for other pur-

poses.

4205

At the request of Mr. P

ETERS

, the

name of the Senator from Florida (Mr.

COTT

) was added as a cosponsor of S.

4205, a bill to require the Adminis-

trator of the Federal Emergency Man-

agement Agency to establish a working

group relating to best practices and

Federal guidance for animals in emer-

gencies and disasters, and for other

purposes.

4221

At the request of Mr. P

ADILLA

, the

name of the Senator from Maryland

(Mr. C

ARDIN

) was added as a cosponsor

of S. 4221, a bill to amend title 5,

United States Code, to achieve parity

between the cost-of-living adjustment

with respect to an annuity under the

Federal Employees Retirement System

and an annuity under the Civil Service

Retirement System, and for other pur-

poses.

4237

At the request of Ms. C

ANTWELL

, the

names of the Senator from New Mexico

(Mr. L

UJA

), the Senator from Cali-

fornia (Mr. P

ADILLA

), the Senator from

Alaska (Ms. M

URKOWSKI

) and the Sen-

ator from Nevada (Ms. R

OSEN

) were

added as cosponsors of S. 4237, a bill to

establish and maintain a coordinated

program within the National Oceanic

and Atmospheric Administration that

improves wildfire, fire weather, fire

risk, and smoke related forecasting,

detection, modeling, observations, and

service delivery, and to address grow-

ing needs in the wildland-urban inter-

face, and for other purposes.

4255

At the request of Mr. D

URBIN

, the

names of the Senator from Maryland

(Mr. C

ARDIN

), the Senator from Dela-

ware (Mr. C

OONS

), the Senator from Ne-

vada (Ms. C

ORTEZ

ASTO

), the Senator

from Massachusetts (Mr. M

ARKEY

) and

the Senator from Rhode Island (Mr.

EED

) were added as cosponsors of S.

4255, a bill to authorize dedicated do-

mestic terrorism offices within the De-

partment of Homeland Security, the

Department of Justice, and the Federal

Bureau of Investigation to analyze and

monitor domestic terrorist activity

and require the Federal Government to

take steps to prevent domestic ter-

rorism.

4257

At the request of Ms. S

TABENOW

, the

name of the Senator from Michigan

(Mr. P

ETERS

) was added as a cosponsor

of S. 4257, a bill to amend the Child Nu-

trition Act of 1966 to establish require-

ments for infant formula cost contain-

ment contracts, and for other purposes.

4258

At the request of Mr. L

, the names

of the Senator from Missouri (Mr.

AWLEY

), the Senator from Montana

(Mr. D

AINES

) and the Senator from

Florida (Mr. R

UBIO

) were added as co-

sponsors of S. 4258, a bill to prevent

conflicts of interest and promote com-

petition in the sale and purchase of

digital advertising.

4261

At the request of Mr. L

, the name

of the Senator from Texas (Mr. C

RUZ

)

was added as a cosponsor of S. 4261, a

bill to suspend duties and other restric-

tions on the importation of infant for-

mula to address the shortage of infant

formula in the United States, and for

other purposes.

RES

377

At the request of Ms. R

OSEN

, the

name of the Senator from New York

(Mrs. G

ILLIBRAND

) was added as a co-

sponsor of S. Res. 377, a resolution urg-

ing the European Union to designate

Hizballah in its entirety as a terrorist

organization.

RES

390

At the request of Mr. G

RAHAM

, the

name of the Senator from Kansas (Mr.

ARSHALL

) was added as a cosponsor of

S. Res. 390, a resolution expressing ap-

preciation for the State of Qatar’s ef-

forts to assist the United States during

Operation Allies Refuge.

RES

646

At the request of Mr. R

ISCH

, the

name of the Senator from North Caro-

lina (Mr. T

ILLIS

) was added as a co-

sponsor of S. Res. 646, a resolution ex-

pressing the Senate’s support for Fin-

land and Sweden’s accession into the

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

(NATO) and the expedited ratification

of accession protocols.

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2667 May 24, 2022

SUBMITTED RESOLUTIONS

SENATE RESOLUTION 647—DESIG-

NATING THE LAST WEEKEND OF

JUNE 2022 TO COMMEMORATE

THE FIRST WEEKEND OF THE

1969 HARLEM CULTURAL FES-

TIVAL AND THE FIRST FULL

WEEKEND OF MAY TO COM-

MEMORATE THE FINAL WEEK-

END OF THE NEW ORLEANS

JAZZ AND HERITAGE FESTIVAL

OF 1970

Mr. SCHUMER (for himself and Mr.

ASSIDY

) submitted the following reso-

lution; which was considered and

agreed to:

S. R

. 647

Whereas, in the summer of 1969, singer

Tony Lawrence, television and video director

Hal Tulchin, New York Mayor John Lindsay,

and New York City Parks Commissioner Au-

gust Heckscher organized the Harlem Cul-

tural Festival, where some of the most fa-

mous artists of color of the 1960s performed

for free in Mount Morris Park (now Marcus

Garvey Park) in Harlem, New York;

Whereas the Harlem Cultural Festival was

the culmination of a movement, in which

Black artists, performers, and activists

shared their art with hundreds of thousands

of fellow Americans, entertained the throngs

who attended, and gave voice to the political

grievances of the late 1960s;

Whereas, during the weekends of June 29,

July 13, July 20, July 27, August 17, and Au-

gust 24 in 1969, performers and activists like

Nina Simone, Mahalia Jackson, B.B. King,

Luther Vandross, Roebuck ‘‘Pops’’ Staples,

Edwin Hawkins, Herbie Mann, Abbey Lin-

coln, Max Roach, Babatunde Olatunji, Ray

Baretto and His Orchestra, Sonny Sharrock,

Cal Tjader, Mongo Santamaria, George

Kirby, Don Alias, Weldon Irvine, Larry Wil-

lis, Maurice King and the Soul Music Fes-

tival Band, Professor Herman Stevens and

the Voices of Faith, Henry Franklin, Steve

Berrios, Sonny Fortune, Rodgers Grant, Had-

ley Caliman, William Allen, Chuck Carter,

Jackie ‘‘Moms’’ Mabley, Dewey ‘‘Pigmeat’’

Markham, Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., and

Marcus Garvey Jr. celebrated Black music

and culture in the United States and uplifted

the voices of civil rights and local New York

and Louisiana activists;

Whereas the Harlem Cultural Festival

served as a stage to express both anger and

hope for change, in the face of racial ten-

sions that had bubbled over during the

months and years prior to the event, and in-

cluded notable moments such as—

(1) Tony Lawrence inviting protestors, an-

gered by the building of a government office

in Harlem when the neighborhood sorely

needed a new high school, onto the main

stage to highlight their cause;

(2) speakers like Adam Clayton Powell Jr.

and Marcus Garvey Jr. calling for racial jus-

tice and progress;

(3) Nina Simone performing her song ‘‘To

Be Young, Gifted and Black’’ and calling for

equity; and

(4) Mahalia Jackson singing ‘‘Take My

Hand, Precious Lord’’, the song Rev. Dr.

Martin Luther King’s family asked her to

sing at his funeral;

Whereas Mahalia Jackson’s performance

became a defining moment for the festival,

with attendees laughing, dancing, and crying

along, mourning and celebrating the legacy

of Dr. King as they acknowledged the end of

an era and the beginning of a new phase in

the Civil Rights Movement;

Whereas the Harlem Cultural Festival rep-

resented a shift in Black culture, conscious-

ness, and expression, and the performances

of the artists represented a movement away

from performances designed to be palatable

for white audiences and toward freer expres-

sion and celebration of Black art;

Whereas 1969 was a turning point, defined

by—

(1) a new generation of Black activists and

artists who wanted more than survival and

respect and wanted to flourish;

(2) Harlem, which had long been considered

the center of Black culture, seeing a new cul-

tural explosion; and

(3) the Black Power movement inspiring

new styles of fashion, art, and music that

elevated and celebrated African and Black

beauty, political purpose, and pride;

Whereas the Harlem Cultural Festival of

1969 captured the spirit of the Black Power

movement, as this festival—

(1) marked the first time many of these

artists had performed for such a large, pre-

dominately Black crowd; and

(2) was multi-generational, as the older

generation of gospel and blues artists invited

the younger generation of soul, jazz, funk,

rock, and pop artists to join in their per-

formances;

Whereas the Harlem Cultural Festival

showcased Black art and music from around

the United States, including Mahalia Jack-

son, who sang her unique style of gospel

rooted in the Deep South (especially Mis-

sissippi and Texas) and influenced by the

blues and jazz that surrounded her in New

Orleans, Louisiana, and B.B. King, who sang

the Blues, a genre rooted in New Orleans

that spread throughout the South, whose

performances mingled with the jazz, pop,

soul, and psychedelic funk sets of the young-

er artists;

Whereas the 1969 Harlem Cultural Festival

may have inspired similar movements, such

as the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Fes-

tival, which was first organized in 1970 to

preserve and promote the music, culture, and

heritage of the people of Louisiana;

Whereas the 1970 New Orleans Jazz and

Heritage Festival featured renowned Black

artists such as Mahalia Jackson, Duke

Ellington, Peter Fountain, and Al Hirt;

Whereas the New Orleans Jazz and Herit-

age Festival continues to showcase the rich

musical heritage of Louisiana as it has con-

tinued to grow in popularity;

Whereas the Harlem Cultural Festival was

a way to show that Harlem was more than

the riots that rocked it in the prior years

and was a coming together of unlikely allies,

with Black Panthers providing security for

the event and a Republican New York City

Mayor enthusiastically supporting the fes-

tival as a peaceful moment after the violence

that followed the assassination of Rev. Dr.

Martin Luther King;

Whereas the memory of the Harlem Cul-

tural Festival was rescued and resuscitated

by the internationally acclaimed 2021 docu-

mentary ‘‘Summer of Soul (. . . Or When the

Revolution Could Not Be Televised)’’, which

compiled over 40 hours of concert video of

the festival recorded by director Hal

Tulchin;

Whereas ‘‘Summer of Soul (. . . Or When

the Revolution Could Not Be Televised)’’

highlights the cultural and political impacts

of this festival by juxtaposing footage from

the 1969 festival with modern-day interviews

and voiceovers about the political environ-

ment at the time of the festival;

Whereas ‘‘Summer of Soul (. . . Or When

the Revolution Could Not Be Televised)’’

won an Oscar for ‘‘Best Original Documen-

tary’’ at the 94th Academy Awards on March

26, 2022, and a Grammy award for ‘‘Best

Music Film’’ at the 64th Annual Grammy

Awards Ceremony on April 3, 2022, which

brought further attention and acclaim to the

performances at the 1969 Harlem Cultural

Festival; and

Whereas the 1969 Harlem Cultural Festival

and the 1970 New Orleans Jazz and Heritage

Festival represent historic moments in

Black cultural history: Now, therefore be it

Resolved, That the Senate—

(1) designates the last weekend of June 2022

to commemorate the first weekend of the

Harlem Cultural Festival of 1969 and the first

full weekend of May to commemorate the

final weekend of the New Orleans Jazz and

Heritage Festival of 1970;

(2) recognizes the contributions of the Har-

lem Cultural Festival of 1969 and the New Or-

leans Jazz and Heritage Festival of 1970 to

Black art and culture;

(3) encourages Senators to plan appro-

priate activities that support the objectives

of the Harlem Cultural Festival of 1969 and

the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival

of 1970; and

(4) encourages local governments in the

United States to build partnerships with

local Black artists, performers, and activists

to further uplift Black culture and art and

promote equal treatment of all people.

SENATE RESOLUTION 648—DESIG-

NATING MAY 2022 AS ‘‘NATIONAL

BRAIN TUMOR AWARENESS

MONTH’’

Mr. DAINES (for himself, Mr. M

KEY

, Ms. S

INEMA

, Mr. V

OLLEN

, Mr.

ELLY

, and Ms. W

ARREN

) submitted the

following resolution; which was consid-

ered and agreed to:

S. R

. 648

Whereas more than an estimated 88,970 in-

dividuals will be diagnosed with a primary

brain tumor in the United States in 2022, and

an estimated 84,000 individuals in the United

States were diagnosed with a primary brain

tumor in 2021;

Whereas an estimated 700,000 individuals

are living with a brain tumor in the United

States;

Whereas in the United States, brain tu-

mors are the—

(1) leading cause of death from cancer in

children who are under 14 years of age and

teens who are under 19 years of age; and

(2) second leading cause of death from can-

cer in young adults who are between 15 and

39 years of age;

Whereas the average 5-year survival rate

for an individual in the United States fol-

lowing the diagnosis of a primary malignant

brain tumor is only 35.6 percent;

Whereas it is estimated that 18,200 individ-

uals in the United States will die as a result

of a malignant brain tumor in 2022;

Whereas brain tumors may be malignant

or benign but can be life-threatening in ei-

ther case;

Whereas, as of the date of introduction of

this resolution, approximately 700,000 indi-

viduals in the United States are living with

a brain tumor;

Whereas treatment of brain tumors is com-

plicated by the fact that more than 100 types

of brain tumors exist;

Whereas the treatment and removal of

brain tumors present significant challenges

due to the uniquely complex and fragile na-

ture of the brain;

Whereas brain tumors affect the primary

organ in the human body that controls not

only cognitive ability, but the actions of

every other organ and limb in the body, lead-

ing to brain tumors being described as a dis-

ease that affects the whole individual;

Whereas brain tumor research is supported

by a number of private, nonprofit research

foundations and by Federal medical research

institutions;

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---

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATES2668 May 24, 2022

Whereas basic research may fuel advance-

ments and development of new treatments

for brain tumors;

Whereas obstacles to the development of

new treatments for brain tumors remain,

and there are limited strategies for the

screening or early detection of brain tumors;

Whereas, despite the high number of indi-

viduals diagnosed with a brain tumor every

year and the devastating prognoses for those

individuals, only 5 drugs and 1 medical de-

vice are approved by the Food and Drug Ad-

ministration to treat primary brain tumors;

Whereas the mortality rates associated

with brain tumors have changed little during

the 30-year period preceding the date of in-

troduction of this resolution;

Whereas there is a need for greater public

awareness of brain tumors, including the dif-

ficulties associated with research on brain

tumors and the opportunities for advances in

brain tumor research and treatment; and

Whereas May 2022, during which brain

tumor advocates nationwide unite in aware-

ness, outreach, and advocacy activities, is an

appropriate month to recognize as ‘‘National

Brain Tumor Awareness Month’’: Now,

therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Senate—

(1) designates May 2022 as ‘‘National Brain

Tumor Awareness Month’’;

(2) encourages increased public awareness

of brain tumors to honor the individuals who

have lost their lives to a brain tumor or cur-

rently live with a brain tumor diagnosis;

(3) supports efforts to develop better treat-

ments for brain tumors that will improve the

quality of life and the long-term prognoses of

individuals diagnosed with a brain tumor;

(4) expresses its support for individuals

who are battling brain tumors, as well as the

families, friends, and caregivers of those in-

dividuals; and

(5) urges a collaborative approach to brain

tumor research, which is a promising means

of advancing understanding of, and treat-

ment for, brain tumors.

SENATE RESOLUTION 649—CON-

GRATULATING THE NORTHWEST

MISSOURI STATE UNIVERSITY

BEARCATS MEN’S BASKETBALL

TEAM ON WINNING THE 2022

MEN’S DIVISION II NATIONAL

COLLEGIATE ATHLETICS ASSO-

CIATION NATIONAL CHAMPION-

SHIP

Mr. BLUNT (for himself and Mr.

AWLEY

) submitted the following reso-

lution; which was considered and

agreed to:

S. R

. 649

Whereas, on March 26, 2022, the Northwest

Missouri State University Bearcats men’s

basketball team (referred to in this preamble

as ‘‘the Bearcats’’) clinched their fourth Na-

tional Collegiate Athletics Association Na-

tional Championship (referred to in this pre-

amble as ‘‘NCAA National Championship’’)

in 6 years in a triumphant 67–58 victory over

the Augusta University Jaguars;

Whereas the Bearcats should be proud of

the storied history of the Northwest Mis-

souri State University basketball program,

dating back to 1905, the year during which

the University was founded;

Whereas the Bearcats should be com-

mended for their achievements and dedica-

tion during the 2021–2022 season;

Whereas the victory of the Bearcats in the

2022 Men’s Division II NCAA National Cham-

pionship, which marked the third consecu-

tive NCAA National Championship for the

team, cemented the place of the Bearcats in

Men’s Division II NCAA National Champion-

ship basketball history as the first ‘‘three-

peat’’;

Whereas the Augusta University Jaguars

should be commended on their efforts and

success during an unprecedented season amid

the coronavirus pandemic;

Whereas the city of Evansville, Indiana,

and the National Collegiate Athletics Asso-

ciation should be commended for their ef-

forts in providing a safe environment for the

student athletes and staff during the cham-

pionship tournament;

Whereas the Bearcats went 6–0 during the

2022 NCAA National Championship tour-

nament with an average margin of victory of

14 points;

Whereas the Bearcats clinched a first

round victory against Minnesota State Uni-

versity Moorhead with a score of 69–54;

Whereas the Bearcats clinched a second

round victory against Washburn University

with a score of 70–55;

Whereas the Bearcats clinched a third

round victory against Augustana University

with a score of 70–56;

Whereas the Bearcats clinched a quarter-

finals victory against Bentley University

with a score of 61–43;

Whereas the Bearcats clinched a semifinals

victory against Black Hills State University

with a score of 70–57;

Whereas the Bearcats claimed their third

consecutive NCAA National Championship

title by defeating Augusta University with a

score of 67–58;

Whereas Trevor Hudgins should be com-

mended for his role in the victory of the

Bearcats by scoring a game-high 31 points;

Whereas 3 members of the Bearcats scored

in the double digits and should be com-

mended for their scoring efforts:

(1) Trevor Hudgins;

(2) Luke Waters; and

(3) Mitch Mascari;

Whereas Trevor Hudgins and Luke Waters

should be celebrated for their selection to

the Elite Eight National Collegiate Athletics

Association All-Tournament Team;

Whereas Trevor Hudgins was awarded

‘‘Most Outstanding Player of Division II

Men’s Basketball Elite Eight’’ and an award

for a second consecutive National Associa-

tion of Basketball Coaches Division II Player

of the Year;

Whereas Ben McCollum was selected for

the Clarence ‘‘Big House’’ Gaines Coach of

the Year award for the third time in his ca-

reer and the National Association of Basket-

ball Coaches Division II Coach of the Year

for the fifth time in his career;

Whereas the entire Northwest Missouri

State University basketball program should

be commended for their Division II record of

17 consecutive tournaments wins;

Whereas the Bearcats won their ninth con-

secutive Mid-America Intercollegiate Ath-

letics Association regular season title;

Whereas the Bearcats captured their tenth

Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Asso-

ciation Tournament championship with an

84–76 win over Washburn on March 6, 2022 at

Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Mis-

souri;

Whereas the entire Bearcats roster con-

tributed to the NCAA National Champion-

ship victory, including Daniel Abreu, Byron

Alexander, Diego Bernard, Blake

Danitschek, Wes Dreamer, Trevor Hudgins,

Isaiah Jackson, Mitch Mascari, Luke

Moustakas, Spencer Schomers, Christian

Stanislav, and Luke Waters;

Whereas the entire Bearcats coaching staff

contributed to the NCAA National Cham-

pionship victory, including Ben McCollum,

Zach Schneider, Xavier Kurth, Dray Starzl,

Jaran Richman, and Jake Coffman; and

Whereas the 3 consecutive NCAA National

Championship victories of the Bearcats pro-

vide a sense of excitement and pride for the

City of Maryville, Missouri, and Bearcat na-

tion across Missouri: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Senate—

(1) congratulates the Northwest Missouri

State University Bearcats men’s basketball

team, the entire Northwest Missouri State

University community, Mayor of Maryville

Tye Parsons, University President Dr. John

Jasinski, Governor Mike Parson, and fans of

the Bearcats on the National Collegiate Ath-

letics Association National Championship

victory; and

(2) respectfully directs the Secretary of the

Senate to transmit an enrolled copy of this

resolution to—

(A) President of Northwest Missouri State

University John Jasinski;

(B) Head Coach of the Northwest Missouri

State University men’s basketball team Ben

McCollum; and

sons.

AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO

MEET

Ms. STABENOW. Mr. President, I

have two requests for committees to

meet during today’s session of the Sen-

ate. They have the approval of the Ma-

jority and Minority Leaders.

Pursuant to rule XXVI, paragraph

5(a), of the Standing Rules of the Sen-

ate, the following committees are au-

thorized to meet during today’s session

of the Senate:

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS

The Committee on Foreign Relations

is authorized to meet during the ses-

sion of the Senate on Tuesday, May 24,

2022, at 2:15 p.m., to conduct a hearing

on nominations.

SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE

The Select Committee on Intel-

ligence is authorized to meet during

the session of the Senate on Tuesday,

May 24, 2022, at 2:30 p.m., to conduct a

closed hearing.

PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR

Mr. CARPER. Mr. President, I ask

unanimous consent that several indi-

viduals serving on the Senate Com-

mittee on Environment and Public

Works majority staff and one indi-

vidual in my personal office be granted

privileges of the floor for the remain-

der of the Congress. Their names in-

clude Janine Barr, Mayely Boyce,

Susan Kimball, Milo Goodell, Matthew

Marzano, Grace Fluharty, Connor Ran-

som, Alex Smith, and James

Drueckhammer.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without

objection, it is so ordered.

MEASURES READ THE FIRST

TIME—H.R. 3807, H.R. 3967, AND

H.R. 6833

Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Madam Presi-

dent, I understand there are three bills

at the desk, and I ask for their first

reading en bloc.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The

clerk will read the bills by title for the

first time.

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2669 May 24, 2022

The senior assistant legislative clerk

read as follows:

A bill (H.R. 3807) to amend the American

Rescue Plan Act of 2021 to increase appro-

priations to the Restaurant Revitalization

Fund, and for other purposes.

A bill (H.R. 3967) to improve health care

and benefits for veterans exposed to toxic

substances, and for other purposes.

A bill (H.R. 6833) to amend title XXVII of

the Public Health Service Act, the Internal

Revenue Code of 1986, and the Employee Re-

tirement Income Security Act of 1974 to es-

tablish requirements with respect to cost-

sharing for certain insulin products, and for

other purposes.

Mr. BLUMENTHAL. I now ask for a

second reading, and I object to my own

request, all en bloc.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec-

tion having been heard, the bills will

receive their second reading on the

next legislative day.

DESIGNATING THE LAST WEEK-

END OF JUNE 2022 TO COMMEMO-

RATE THE FIRST WEEKEND OF

THE 1969 HARLEM CULTURAL

FESTIVAL AND THE FIRST FULL

WEEKEND OF MAY TO COM-

MEMORATE THE FINAL WEEK-

END OF THE NEW ORLEANS

JAZZ AND HERITAGE FESTIVAL

OF 1970

Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Madam Presi-

dent, I ask unanimous consent that the

Senate proceed to the consideration of

S. Res. 647, submitted earlier today.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The

clerk will report the resolution by

title.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

read as follows:

A resolution (S. Res. 647) designating the

last weekend of June 2022 to commemorate

the first weekend of the 1969 Harlem Cultural

Festival and the first full weekend of May to

commemorate the final weekend of the New

Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival of 1970.

There being no objection, the Senate

proceeded to consider the resolution.

Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Madam Presi-

dent, I ask unanimous consent that the

resolution be agreed to, the preamble

be agreed to, and the motions to recon-

sider be considered made and laid upon

the table with no intervening action or

debate.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without

objection, it is so ordered.

The resolution (S. Res. 647) was

agreed to.

The preamble was agreed to.

(The resolution, with its preamble, is

printed in today’s R

ECORD

under ‘‘Sub-

mitted Resolutions.’’)

NATIONAL BRAIN TUMOR

AWARENESS MONTH

Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Madam Presi-

dent, I ask unanimous consent that the

Senate proceed to the consideration of

S. Res. 648, submitted earlier today.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The

clerk will report the resolution by

title.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

read as follows:

A resolution (S. Res. 648) designating May

2022 as ‘‘National Brain Tumor Awareness

Month’’.

There being no objection, the Senate

proceeded to consider the resolution.

Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Madam Presi-

dent, I ask unanimous consent that the

resolution be agreed to, the preamble

be agreed to, and the motions to recon-

sider be considered made and laid upon

the table with no intervening action or

debate.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without

objection, it is so ordered.

The resolution (S. Res. 648) was

agreed to.

The preamble was agreed to.

(The resolution, with its preamble, is

printed in today’s R

ECORD

under ‘‘Sub-

mitted Resolutions.’’)

CONGRATULATING THE NORTH-

WEST MISSOURI STATE UNIVER-

SITY BEARCATS MEN’S BASKET-

BALL TEAM ON WINNING THE

2022 MEN’S DIVISION II NA-

TIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETICS

ASSOCIATION NATIONAL CHAM-

PIONSHIP

Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Madam Presi-

dent, I ask unanimous consent that the

Senate proceed to the consideration of

S. Res. 649 submitted earlier today.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The

clerk will report the resolution by

title.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

read as follows:

A resolution (S. Res. 649) congratulating

the Northwest Missouri State University

Bearcats men’s basketball team on winning

the 2022 Men’s Division II National Colle-

giate Athletics Association National Cham-

pionship.

There being no objection, the Senate

proceeded to consider the resolution.

Mr. BLUMENTHAL. I ask unanimous

consent that the resolution be agreed

to, the preamble be agreed to, and that

the motions to reconsider be consid-

ered made and laid upon the table with

no intervening action or debate.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without

objection, it is so ordered.

The resolution (S. Res. 649) was

agreed to.

The preamble was agreed to.

(The resolution, with its preamble, is

printed in today’s R

ECORD

under ‘‘Sub-

mitted Resolutions.’’)

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-

ator from Connecticut.

ROBB ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

SHOOTING

Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Madam Presi-

dent, we are nearing the end of the ses-

sion, when we will go back to our

homes for the evening, but when the

families of 18 children and 4 great edu-

cators go home tonight, their homes

will never be the same again.

There are no words in a place filled

with words during today and every day

in this place when we are in session.

There are no words today to capture

the heartbreak, the gut-wrenching

grief and pain that those families will

feel and that I remember feeling al-

most 10 years ago when we stood in the

space just outside the firehouse in

Sandy Hook, as parents learned that

their 20 children would not be coming

home that night.

The same bottomless grief is hitting

the families in Texas, in Uvalde, where

they have lost children. And there are

no words also to capture the deep, abid-

ing pain that will last forever. That

pain will be with them—a hole in their

hearts, a place at their tables, a room

in their houses that never will be filled

again, and hugs that they will never

feel, cheeks that will never be kissed.

This Nation, like their families, is

torn apart by violence—needless, sense-

less gun violence—every day in Amer-

ica. And the mystery is why the great-

est Nation on Earth continues to tol-

erate it. It is no longer surprising or

stunning. It is no longer unfathomable

or unforeseeable.

It is incomprehensible that this great

Nation is blocked by Members of this

body from taking action that can fore-

stall and prevent it. Why, the outrage

that we feel, the grief that pervades

America on these occasions has not

caused action. And this body has been

complicit by its inaction. In fact, it

isn’t this body. It is Members of this

body, principally on the other side of

the aisle. Let’s be blunt. I will never

forget hearing from that gallery those

words: ‘‘Shame. Shame on you,’’ when

we failed to adopt commonsense meas-

ures—a background check proposal,

even though we had 55 votes. I can still

hear those words. ‘‘Shame.’’

And had we acted, who knows what

tragedy could have been averted? We

don’t know and we can’t tell and we

never will be able to fathom whether

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CORRECTION

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATES2670 May 24, 2022

specific measures would have pre-

vented specific tragedy. Charleston or

San Bernardino, Pulse or Las Vegas,

Parkland or Santa Fe, or Pittsburgh or

El Paso or Dayton or Boulder or Indi-

anapolis or Oxford or Buffalo or

Uvalde—we will never know because

the false reason to object is this meas-

ure wouldn’t have prevented that

shooting.

But that is not the way to approach

gun violence reform, because we know

there is no panacea; there is no single

measure. What we know is that stop-

ping gun violence requires that we act

with these measures and that common-

sense, sensible steps can prevent a

senseless, needless violence.

There is no panacea, but there are ac-

tions we can take. We are not without

agency.

Now, we need to be very blunt and

recognize that opposition to these

measures is bankrolled and emboldened

and enabled by the gun lobby’s dark

money, by its threats and intimida-

tion, by its encouragement.

And until my colleagues have the

courage to stand up to that gun lobby,

they will continue in its thrall and its

grip, and they will continue to be

complicit.

And some on our side, some who have

demonstrated the courage to stand up

and speak out, have shown that we

have the power to take action.

We lack facts about the shooter and

about the killing, all the cir-

cumstances in Uvalde, but we know

enough to say that those families and

that community will be torn apart. It

will never be the same. They will never

be whole again because they have lost

something precious, and there will al-

ways be that hole in their hearts.

Already some of our Republican col-

leagues are saying we are politicizing

the issue, but they are the ones who,

for decades, have tied themselves to

the NRA’s fanatical devotion to unre-

stricted, unyielding firearms ownership

for political purposes at the expense of

real lives.

Tying themselves to firearms owner-

ship is unnecessary for law-abiding

citizens to own firearms. There are

commonsense actions we can take to

separate dangerous killers from fire-

arms that are absolutely consistent

with the Second Amendment, as judged

by the Supreme Court, and absolutely

consistent with gun ownership by law-

abiding people.

We know these actions won’t save ev-

eryone, but there can be no doubt that

each of them will save some lives: ex-

panding background checks and closing

glaring loopholes in our background

check system; getting untraceable

ghost guns and military-style assault

weapons off our streets; protecting do-

mestic violence survivors from gun vio-

lence; keeping guns out of the hands of

domestic terrorists and violent extrem-

ists and individuals who are dangerous

to themselves or others, red flag stat-

utes; preventing kids from accidentally

and unintentionally shooting them-

selves with unsecured firearms,

Ethan’s Law for safe storage; investing

in community violence intervention

programs—we know they work in Hart-

ford, New Haven, all around the State

of Connecticut; reducing the number of

firearm suicides—more than half of all

gun deaths are suicides; red flag stat-

utes, separating firearms from people

who are dangerous to themselves as

well as others.

We need to do all these things and

more. We need to do them right now

because every day that passes without

action means more of the same. Not

surprising, not stunning—more of the

same.

Those measures are written, they are

fully drafted, vetted for their constitu-

tionality. My subcommittee on the

Constitution has had hearings on them,

many of them: S. 529, the Background

Check Expansion Act; S. 591, the Back-

ground Check Completion Act; S. 1558,

the Untraceable Firearms Act to stop

ghost guns; S. 736, the Assault Weapons

Ban; S. 527, the Protecting Domestic

Violence and Stalking Victims Act; S.

2169, the Lori Jackson-Nicolette Elias

Domestic Violence Survivor Protection

Act, a hearing just last week on it; S.

2090, the Disarm Hate Act; S. 4278, the

Age 21 Act; S. 190, Ethan’s Law; S. 2982,

the Child Suicide Prevention and Le-

thal Means Safety Act; S. 1819, the Ex-

treme Risk Protection Order Act—the

red flag statutes.

Let us do one of them. Let us vote to

make one of them law. That is our job:

to vote. It is how we change this gut-

wrenching, heartbreaking status quo,

and it is how voters know where each

of us stand when push comes to shove.

So we have no words, but words will

mean nothing without action. We have

created a political movement. It is a

movement that is growing as young

people say: Enough is enough, as the

hand wringing and the tears are trans-

lated into action at the grassroots

level, action by State legislatures. Al-

most 20 states now have red flag stat-

utes in the wake of Parkland. And as

communities and States show that

they will no longer tolerate the hypoc-

risy of thoughts and prayers without

action, all of us who have advocated for

years—indeed, for decades—that this

body must act, we cannot lose courage

or heart. We cannot lose the hope, and

we must match our thoughts and pray-

ers with real action.

I yield the floor.

I suggest the absence of a quorum.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The

clerk will call the roll.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

proceeded to call the roll.

Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Madam Presi-

dent, I ask unanimous consent that the

order for the quorum call be rescinded.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without

objection, it is so ordered.

MEASURES READ THE FIRST TIME

EN BLOC—H.R. 8 AND H.R. 1446

Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Madam Presi-

dent, I understand that there are two

additional bills at the desk, and I ask

for their first reading en bloc.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The

clerk will read the bills by title for the

first time.

The senior assistant legislative clerk

read as follows:

A bill (H.R. 8) to require a background

check for every firearm sale.

A bill (H.R. 1446) to amend chapter 44 of

title 18, United States Code, to strengthen

the background check procedures to be fol-

lowed before a Federal firearms licensee may

transfer a firearm to a person who is not

such a licensee.

Mr. BLUMENTHAL. I now ask for a

second reading, and I object to my own

request, all en bloc.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec-

tion having been heard, the bills will

receive their second reading on the

next legislative day.

ORDERS FOR WEDNESDAY, MAY 25,

2022

Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Madam Presi-

dent, I ask unanimous consent that

when the Senate completes its business

today, it adjourn until 10 a.m. on

Wednesday, May 25; that following the

prayer and pledge, the morning hour be

deemed expired, the Journal of pro-

ceedings be approved to date, the time

for the two leaders be reserved for their

use later in the day, and morning busi-

ness be closed; that upon conclusion of

morning business, the Senate proceed

to executive session to resume consid-

eration of the Thompson nomination;

finally, that if any nominations are

confirmed during Wednesday’s session,

the motions to reconsider be consid-

ered made and laid upon the table and

the President be immediately notified

of the Senate’s action.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without

objection, it is so ordered.

ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 10 A.M.

TOMORROW

Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Madam Presi-

dent, if there is no further business to

come before the Senate, I ask that it

stand adjourned under the previous

order.

There being no objection, the Senate,

at 9:02 p.m., adjourned until Wednes-

day, May 25, 2022, at 10 a.m.

NOMINATIONS

Executive nominations received by

the Senate on Thursday, May 19, 2022:

CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING

RUBYDEE CALVERT, OF WYOMING, TO BE A MEMBER OF

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE CORPORATION FOR

PUBLIC BROADCASTING FOR A TERM EXPIRING JANU-

ARY 31, 2028. (REAPPOINTMENT)

UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE

KATHRYN WHEELBARGER, OF CALIFORNIA, TO BE A

MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE UNITED

STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE FOR A TERM OF FOUR

YEARS, VICE STEPHEN D. KRASNER, TERM EXPIRED.

MICHAEL K. SINGH, OF ILLINOIS, TO BE A MEMBER OF

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE UNITED STATES IN-

STITUTE OF PEACE FOR A TERM OF FOUR YEARS, VICE J.

ROBINSON WEST, TERM EXPIRED.

JONATHAN WINGATE BURKS, OF VIRGINIA, TO BE A

MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE UNITED

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2671 May 24, 2022

STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE FOR A TERM OF FOUR

YEARS, VICE ERIC S. EDELMAN, TERM EXPIRED.

THE JUDICIARY

LARA E. MONTECALVO, OF RHODE ISLAND, TO BE

UNITED STATES CIRCUIT JUDGE FOR THE FIRST CIR-

CUIT, VICE O. ROGERIEE THOMPSON, RETIRED.

SARAH A. L. MERRIAM, OF CONNECTICUT, TO BE

UNITED STATES CIRCUIT JUDGE FOR THE SECOND CIR-

CUIT, VICE SUSAN L. CARNEY, RETIRING.

ELIZABETH WILSON HANES, OF VIRGINIA, TO BE

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE FOR THE EASTERN

DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA, VICE JOHN A. GIBNEY, JR., RE-

TIRED.

ANNE M. NARDACCI, OF NEW YORK, TO BE UNITED

STATES DISTRICT JUDGE FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT

OF NEW YORK, VICE GARY L. SHARPE, RETIRED.

ANA C. REYES, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, TO BE

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE FOR THE DISTRICT OF

COLUMBIA, VICE COLLEEN KOLLAR–KOTELLY, RETIRING.

IN THE AIR FORCE

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT

IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI-

CATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be brigadier general

COL. MICHAEL D. TOMATZ

IN THE NAVY

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT

IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY TO THE GRADE INDICATED

WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND

RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601:

To be vice admiral

REAR ADM. THOMAS E. ISHEE

IN THE ARMY

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY

VETERINARY CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS

624 AND 7064:

To be colonel

CHAD C. BLACK

STEPHEN E. CASSLE

SCOTT C. CHAMBERLIN

CHRISTIAN C. HOFER

SHANNON T. MARKO

MICHAEL E. MCCOWN

JEREMIAH L. NELSON

GREGORY T. REPPAS

MATTHEW D. WEGNER

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY

MEDICAL SPECIALIST CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C.,

SECTIONS 624 AND 7064:

To be colonel

GEORGE A. BARBEE

CHARLES G. BLAKE

NICOLE K. CHARBONNEAU

AARON J. CRONIN

MATTHEW S. DOUGLAS

SHARON L. ROSSER

TANJA C. ROY

MATTHEW R. SCHERER

CLEVE B. SYLVESTER

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY

MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SEC-

TIONS 624 AND 7064:

To be colonel

JOSEPH H. AFANADOR

JOSEPH C. ALEXANDER

ERIC J. ANSORGE

BRUCE ARGUETA

BRYAN R. BAILEY

DONALD B. BENTLEY, JR.

ROBERT E. BRUTCHER

LEXIE B. BUENAVENTURA

WILLIAM H. CALLAHAN

JONATHAN R. CATALANO

YOUYKHAM CHANTHAVILAY

MICHELLE COLACICCOMAYHUGH

CHANI A. CORDERO

JILLYEN E. CURRYMATHIS

ROBERT J. CYBULSKI, JR.

JASON T. DEBOER

ERIK F. DEFREITAS

JESSE DELGADO

JOHNNY R. DENNIS

KEVIN M. DOHERTY

STEPHEN M. DURYEA

CHRISTOPHER L. EVANS

JOHNATHAN J. EVANS

SETH T. FRENCH

RANDY J. GARCIA

CHRISTOPHER M. GREENE

RACQUEL O. JUNIO

ROBIN W. LEA

JERED D. LITTLE

KENNETH C. LUTZ

HARRY MCDONALD, JR.

JARROD A. MCGEE

JESSICA A. MILLOY

MARCUS L. MOSS

EDGARDO RAMIREZ

STEPHEN T. SCHMIDT

BRANDI A. SCHUYLER

NICHOLAS R. SONG

SETH O. SWARTZ

SUSAN M. TALLMAN

JANET N. VAUGHN

CHAD D. VERMILLION

LASHONIA R. WHITE

FELICIA L. WILLIAMS

RICHARD E. WOOD

D012159

D014317

D011573

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY

NURSE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 AND

7064:

To be colonel

FRANCIS K. AGYAPONG

PETER J. ATTILIO

DWIGHT R. BERRY

MARGARET S. BERRYMAN

ALLAN J. BOUDREAUX

LAMBERT B. CABALES

BRIAN P. CAHILL

BENJAMIN G. CARTWRIGHT

RONALD D. COLE

FELISIA M. HIBBLER

LAURA JEFFREY

MARKUS D. LEE

MONICA L. LOONEY

JASON K. MARQUART

MATTHEW K. MARSH

MEGAN C. MOAKLER

WILLIAM O. MURRAY

KAITLYN M. PERKINS

ANGELA L. ROSARIO

TOMMY L. THOMPSON

KELLEY C. TOGIOLA

DOLORES P. TONEY

MICHELLE L. WOLF

DAN M. WOOD

LAKISHA S. WRIGHT

THE FOLLOWING NAMED ARMY NATIONAL GUARD OF

THE UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO

THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12211:

To be colonel

GEORGE M. BINGER III

CHARLES J. BUCHANAN

ADAM M. CURRY

SHANE D. DAY

RUSSEL K. DESJARDINS

RANDOLPH E. EDWARDS

JAMES R. EZELL

JOSPEH O. GAGNON IV

LUKE W. GASPARD

TRENTON J. GIBSON

MICHAEL T. GIRVIN

ROBERT D. HARRIS

TIMOTHY A. HODGES

DANIEL D. JANSSEN

TRAVIS N. KERNEY

STEVEN N. KOBAYASHI

ERIC E. LOTHIAN

JEREMY D. MILLER

SHAWN M. MILLER

BENJAMIN J. NEUMON

SHAWN D. NOKES

STEPHAN L. NOWAKOWSKI

NICHOLAS A. PARKER

THOMAS J. PETZOLD

ROBERT R. RICKGAUER, JR.

ROY A. SANDERSON

RODNEY D. SEABA

DEREK M. SMITH

WILFORD S. TIPTON

PAUL D. TUMMINELLO

OFELIA A. WILLIS

TIMOTHY M. ZERBE

IN THE NAVY

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be captain

RANDY J. BERTI

CHRISTOPHER H. GRIMES

JOSEPH A. KAMARA

MICHAEL A. POLITO

ROBERT H. VOHRER

MICHAEL WINDOM

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be captain

JOSHUA E. CALLOWAY

CHRISTOPHER B. DEBONS

PETER J. FIRENZE

JARROD S. HAIR

REGAN G. HANSON

GABRIEL J. HOHNER

SHAUN P. LYNCH

JASON SAGLIMBENE

JONATHAN S. SCHIFFELBEIN

DANIEL C. SHORT

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be captain

DARRIN E. BARBER

CARL T. BIGGS

CARL K. BODIN

JEREMY J. BRAUD

JOSEPH DARCY

JONATHAN W. GANDY

SAMUEL H. HALLOCK

WILLIAM E. HARLEY

ANTHONY C. HOLMES

CHRISTOPHER K. MATASSA

CHRISTOPHER MENDOZA

GREGORY R. MITCHELL

MATTHEW R. ONEAL

UPENDRA RAMDAT

JOHN A. RAMSEY

SARAH B. RICE

WILLIAM J. SUMSION

ERROL A. WATSON, JR.

MICHAEL A. WOEHRMAN

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be captain

BENJAMIN F. ARMSTRONG

CHAD A. BOLLMANN

PAUL J. FRONTERA

ANDREW K. LEDFORD

DAVID K. RICHARDSON

MICHAEL H. SANDERS

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be captain

CHRISTOPHER J. CARMICHAEL

MARY C. DECKER

MARK G. MORAN

SHALETHA R. MORAN

JEFFREY L. MORIN

CHRISTOPHER J. SCHLOBOHM

CHRISTY N. SIBLEY

MARCO D. SPIVEY

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be captain

BENJAMIN P. ABBOTT

RAUL T. ACEVEDO

JONATHAN V. AHLSTROM

DAWN C. ALLEN

ERIC L. ASTLE

JOHN P. BAGGETT

JUSTIN D. BANZ

JOHN R. BARTAK

ANDREW R. BEARD

ERIC J. BELL

ROBERT C. BIGGS

JAY D. BIJEAU

MICHAEL D. BISHOP

DAVID A. BIZZARRI

JEREMIAH BLANCO

KARL BRANDL

BRIAN C. BROADWATER

AARON D. BROWN

CHRISTOPHER V. BROWN

DARRELL W. BROWN II

LESTER A. BROWN, JR.

MICHAEL P. BUKOLT, JR.

ALEXANDER T. CAMPBELL

JEREMY L. CARLSON

GUILLERMO I. CARRILLO

CHRISTOPHER J. CARROLL

LOUIS F. CATALINA IV

MICHAEL G. CHARNOTA

KEVIN A. CHLAN

CHARLES A. CHMIELAK

CHRISTOPHER J. CLAY

RYAN P. CONOLE

KENNETH T. COOKE

JEFFREY B. CORNES

MATTHEW B. COX

RAYMOND B. CROSBY

NORMAN B. CRUZ

DIANE S. CUA

CHRISTOPHER R. CUMMINS

THOMAS E. CUNNINGHAM III

DONALD J. CURRAN III

MATTHEW E. DAVIN

DANIEL P. M. DELACRUZ

STEPHEN C. DUBA, JR.

TODD A. DUEZ

AUSTIN W. DUFF

RYAN T. EASTERDAY

THOMAS J. EISENSTATT

ROBERT K. ELIZONDO

MATTHEW T. ERDNER

MICHAEL J. FABRIZIO

JEFFREY C. FASSBENDER

WILLIAM A. FENSTERER

SCOTT P. FENTRESS

PATRICE J. P. FERNANDES

MICHELLE R. FONTENOT

TYLER W. FORREST

ERICH C. FRANDRUP

WILLIAM P. FRANK

TERRENCE E. FROST

NEIL R. GABRIEL

DAVID M. GARDNER

WAYNE S. GEHMAN

DARREN D. GERHARDT

DONANN M. GILMORE

LUIS A. GONZALEZ

ROSE A. GOSCINSKI

ADAM B. GREEN

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATES2672 May 24, 2022

FIONA C. HALBRITTER

RICHARD D. HALEY

JUSTIN T. HALLIGAN

BRYAN M. HANEY

RONALD V. HATT

JONATHAN T. HAYES

PETER W. HAYNES

AARON L. HELGERSON

JAMES M. HENRY

TREVOR F. HERMANN

KEITH R. HEYEN

KERRY P. HICKS

JONATHAN A. HOPKINS

JAMES D. HUDDLESTON

ERIC D. HUTTER

BRENT S. JACKSON

LOREN M. JACOBI

BRIAN A. JAMISON

JOHN D. JOHN

JEREMY M. JOHNSTON

KIMBERLY E. JONES

JOHN R. KAJMOWICZ

COLIN J. KANE

RYAN R. KENDALL

ERIK J. KENNY

HAMISH P. KIRKLAND

JEDEDIAH A. KLOPPEL

ARAS M. KNASAS

MATTHEW J. LAMBERT

ROBERT D. LANE

RICHARD I. LAWLOR

STEVEN C. LAWRENCE

WAYNE G. LEWIS, JR.

MATTHEW K. LEWIS

JOSEPH V. LIBASCI

ROBERT R. LITTMAN

CHARLES C. LITTON

CRAIG E. LITTY

JEREMY N. LYON

SCOTT P. MALONEY

LEBO R. MANCUSO

WILLIAM R. MARTIN

DANIEL M. MARTINS

MATHEW J. MCKERRING

ERIC E. MEYERS

JOSEPH B. MITZEN

PATRICK D. MORLEY

SAMUEL P. MORRISON

MATTHEW T. MULCAHEY

BRIAN T. MURPHY

DANIEL M. MURPHY II

NATHAN A. MURRAY

JOHN C. NADDER

LAWRENCE D. NANCE

TERRY A. NEMEC

CHANDRA S. NEWMAN

ROBERT W. NIEMEYER

DOUGLAS W. OLDHAM

PATRICK K. OREILLY, JR.

CHRISTOPHER A. PAPAIOANU

JOSEPH D. PARSONS

LESTER O. PATTERSON

MICHAEL M. PATTERSON

TODD B. PENROD

ANTHONY R. PEREZ

MATTHEW P. PETERSON

DUSTIN W. PEVERILL

MATTHEW M. PIANETTA

MICHAEL T. PLAGEMAN

JANICE A. POLLARD

MICHAEL J. POPLAWSKI

STEVEN C. PUSKAS

THOMAS G. RALSTON

DANIEL A. REIHER

DAVID L. REYES

TREVOR J. RITLAND

MICHAEL G. ROOT

JACOB M. ROSE

RONALD H. RUMFELT

JASON P. RUSSO

NICHOLAS P. SAUNDERS

STEVEN L. SCHMIDT

BRIAN J. SCHNEIDER

TIMOTHY F. SHANLEY

MATTHEW R. SHELLOCK

LADONNA M. SIMPSON

ERIC J. SKALSKI

RICHARD A. SMITH

WADE K. SMITH

JAMES J. SORDI, JR.

JOSEPH M. SPINKS

JAMES W. STEFFEN

MICHAEL R. STEPHEN

ROBERT G. STIMIS

TIMOTHY S. SULICK

LUKE J. SWAIN

PHILLIP SYLVIA, JR.

ADAM J. THOMAS

COLIN J. THOMPSON

JOHN M. THORPE

SCOTT K. TIMMESTER

JASON E. TIPPETT

CHAD J. TRUBILLA

MICHAEL P. TRUMBULL

SANTICO J. VALENZUELA

CLAY S. WADDILL

ADAM J. WALKER

JEFFERY A. WALKER

JERROD E. WASHBURN

BRIAN P. WATT

ROBERT C. WATTS IV

GORDEN S. WELLS

NATHAN S. WEMETT

CARL E. WHITE

JOHN C. WIEDMANN III

STEPHEN A. WIEGEL

JAMES A. WIEST

KATHRYN S. WIJNALDUM

NICHOLAS E. WISSEL

MICHAEL K. WITT

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be captain

BRAD A. BAUER

JOHN A. COURTIAL

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be captain

STEPHEN A. FOLSOM

RONNIE C. HARPER, JR.

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be captain

DAVID F. ETHERIDGE

KIRBY A. HALLAS

GREGORY K. RING

MICHAEL K. SIMS

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be captain

ZEVERICK L. BUTTS

SHAUN W. FISCHER

KEITH B. FOSTER

RODERICK V. LITTLE

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be captain

PETER M. B. HARLEY

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be captain

KEVIN D. BARNARD

DAVID J. BERGESEN

REUBEN BLOFSTEIN

JAMES F. BRENNAN

TIMOTHY P. CHESSER

DAVID B. CLARK

DAVID M. CROWE

GARY R. DONLEY, JR.

DEVRON L. EAKINS

GREGORY R. KIPPE

KENNETH B. MYRICK

TIMOTHY L. RAYMIE

CAROLINE E. ROCHFORT

MICHAEL S. TIEFEL

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be captain

KATIE M. ABDALLAH

ROBERT S. BAIR

BRIAN R. BAKER

BLYTHE A. BLAKISTONE

ANTHONY A. BUMATAY

FREDIRICK R. CONNER

ROBERT B. CONNER

FREDERICK L. CRAWFORD

JAY F. ELSON

BRIAN A. EVANS

MICAH R. KELLEY

MICHAEL R. LARAYA

SYLVIA M. LAYNE

TONY R. NICHOLS

ALBERTO O. PEREZ

DONNIE A. QUILON

OMAR J. SANCHEZ

RALPH J. STEPHENS

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be captain

RON J. ARELLANO

JAMES L. HAMMERSLA III

JASON D. HANSER

SUZANNE T. HUBNER

ALAN C. MENGWASSER

MEREDITH K. SCHLEY

KENNETH G. SMITH, JR.

YONNETTE D. THOMAS

JOSHUA J. VERGOW

WILLIAM M. WILSON

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be captain

ERIN M. CESCHINI

ANGELA S. FRANCIS

STEPHEN A. MCINTYRE

MATTHEW PAWLENKO

HEATHER H. QUILENDERINO

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be captain

CHRISTOPHER S. BERNOTAVICIUS

PATRICK P. DAVIS

JEFFREY W. FISHER

CHAD W. GAGNON

JOSHUA W. HENSLEY

JAIMILYN D. KRONEDAVIS

MICHELE N. LOWE

JOSEPH P. MANION

BRANDON M. OBERLING

ANNE D. RESTREPO

TYLER R. ROSS

GEDION T. TEKLEGIORGIS

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be captain

NATHAN J. CHRISTENSEN

COURTNEY L. HILLSON

REANN S. MOMMSEN

CANDICE C. TRESCH

FOREIGN SERVICE

THE FOLLOWING NAMED CAREER MEMBER OF THE

FOREIGN SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES DEPART-

MENT OF AGRICULTURE TO BE A FOREIGN SERVICE OF-

FICER, A CONSULAR OFFICER, AND A SECRETARY IN THE

DIPLOMATIC SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMER-

ICA:

RYAN GIRALT BEDFORD, OF OHIO

THE FOLLOWING NAMED CAREER MEMBERS OF THE

FOREIGN SERVICE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE TO

BE A FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER, A CONSULAR OFFICER,

AND A SECRETARY IN THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE OF THE

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:

DONALD R. ALDERMAN, OF WASHINGTON

FOTINI D. ALI, OF FLORIDA

SIREE D. ALLERS, OF TEXAS

MARK JOSEPH ANANKA, OF NORTH CAROLINA

GEOFFREY STEWART ANDREWS, OF FLORIDA

MICHAEL C. ANTHONY, OF OHIO

GABRIEL A. ARCE–YEE, OF NEW JERSEY

MERY J. ARCILA, OF FLORIDA

NATALIA ARENAS, OF SOUTH CAROLINA

LESTER ANSONG ASAMOAH, OF OKLAHOMA

AMANDA S. ASHLEY, OF NORTH CAROLINA

ALEJANDRA BAEZ, OF MASSACHUSETTS

THAD B. BALL, OF VIRGINIA

WHITNEY CIARA DIXON BARREAU, OF MARYLAND

ARSHIA BEHNAM, OF CALIFORNIA

CARLSKY BELIZAIRE, OF NEW YORK

PATRICK THOMAS BERNAL, OF NEW YORK

THOMAS B. BILLINGSLEY, OF WASHINGTON

BARNABAS P. BIRKELAND, OF MINNESOTA

MEGAN ELIZABETH BISHOP, OF MISSOURI

SARAH L. BITTENBENDER, OF NEW YORK

ADAM CHRISTOPHER BLAKEMAN, OF NEW JERSEY

JONATHAN W. BRANDS, OF VIRGINIA

JAREK TAYLOR BUSS, OF WYOMING

KRISTA AIDA BUSTAMANTE, OF IDAHO

MICHAEL BUSTAMANTE, OF NEW YORK

LUCAS BIRD CALTRIDER, OF IOWA

YANIQUE JODIE–ANN CAMPBELL, OF NEW JERSEY

MICHELLE D. CARTER, OF NEVADA

JUAN ALFONSO CLAR, OF NEW YORK

JEFFREY THOMAS COLE, OF NORTH CAROLINA

DANIEL I. COMBS, OF MASSACHUSETTS

TIFFANY MARIE COX, OF NORTH CAROLINA

BETH ANNE DALTON, OF VIRGINIA

LUKE W. DAVIS, OF IDAHO

MEREDITH MORGAN DAVIS, OF FLORIDA

BLAKE ANN DAWGERT, OF TEXAS

ANDREW WARREN DILTS, OF CALIFORNIA

JACOB DOUGLAS DINERMAN, OF MARYLAND

VANESSA LEIGHANNE DOHNER, OF PENNSYLVANIA

KATHRYN M. DRENNING, OF CALIFORNIA

ALAN WESLEY EATON, OF FLORIDA

YOUSSEF M. ELKEI, OF VIRGINIA

VERONICA M. ELKINS, OF VIRGINIA

WILLIAM B. EVANS, OF ILLINOIS

SABRINA CHRISTINE FECHER, OF PENNSYLVANIA

SONIA FERNANDES, OF VIRGINIA

JATNNA M. GARCIA, OF NEW YORK

MICHAEL DALE GIBBS, OF TEXAS

TIMOTHY J. GIBSON, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

CHRISTOPHER B. GOSSELIN, OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

AMY MARIE GRADIN, OF OREGON

DANIEL S. HADLEY, OF TEXAS

SONIA HAERIZADEH, OF CONNECTICUT

LISA M. HAHN, OF CALIFORNIA

NORVA G. HALL, OF PENNSYLVANIA

RUSSELL HATHAWAY, OF NEW JERSEY

NADIA C. HATHAWAY, OF FLORIDA

ORION F. HENNINGSGAARD, OF MINNESOTA

WILLIAM JOSHUA HERTER, OF FLORIDA

MARC H. HILDWEIN, OF SOUTH DAKOTA

AMELIA MURRAY HINTZEN, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM-

BIA

TANYA HOPKINS, OF NEW JERSEY

STEPHEN J. HURLEY, OF MARYLAND

DANIEL F. JACKSON, OF FLORIDA

SAHIL JAIN, OF CALIFORNIA

BENJAMIN O’BRIEN JALOWSKY, OF THE DISTRICT OF CO-

LUMBIA

KATHERINE E. JUDD, OF VIRGINIA

SAMANTHA H. JUSTER, OF WASHINGTON

MARGARET ROSE KAVARAS, OF OHIO

KIERA KAZEMI, OF CALIFORNIA

SHANE B. KELBLEY, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

JOY A. KING, OF FLORIDA

ANDREW J. KIRST, OF TEXAS

NOAH A. KLINGER, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

COURTNEY L. LACROIX, OF FLORIDA

GRACE HEMPHILL LANGE, OF TEXAS

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2673 May 24, 2022

JULIENNE S. LAULER, OF WASHINGTON

CLAIRE R. LEHNEN, OF VIRGINIA

SARAH B. LEVIT–SHORE, OF VIRGINIA

GRANT R. LIVINGSTON, OF NORTH CAROLINA

CHRISTINE D. LYONS, OF VIRGINIA

JOSEPH WILLIAM MAERTZ, OF CALIFORNIA

OLIMAR ELISA MAISONET–GUZMAN, OF MAINE

WILLIAM E. MARSH, OF NEW YORK

CLIFTON D. MARTIN, OF MICHIGAN

GABRIEL J. MASSINE, OF COLORADO

MEGAN N MATTSON, OF TEXAS

CHRISTOPHER KEITH MAUGHAN, OF UTAH

ALITHEA R. MCFARLANE, OF TEXAS

JULIA CLARA MELLIN, OF NEW YORK

PRIYA M. MENDELIN, OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

HOLLY A. MILES, OF NEW MEXICO

VINCENT DONG MIN, OF CALIFORNIA

WELDON D. MONTGOMERY, OF FLORIDA

DANIEL MOON, OF VIRGINIA

KELLY R. MOON, OF VIRGINIA

JESSICA A. MORGAN, OF COLORADO

GREGORY M. MORISON, OF NEW YORK

DAVID C. MORRISON, OF IOWA

ANTHONY J. MOTISI, OF COLORADO

MICHAEL PATRICK MURPHY, OF VIRGINIA

RAYMOND RAUL NELSON, OF OHIO

WALTER K. NIGHTINGALE, OF TEXAS

ALEXANDER M. NOPPE, OF WISCONSIN

ELIZABETH ANN NOVY, OF ILLINOIS

OBIO P. NTIA, OF CALIFORNIA

SUZIE GEUN OH, OF VIRGINIA

JESSICA RODGERS O’NEIL, OF MONTANA

ALEX M. OSBORNE, OF CALIFORNIA

DEBORAH DAI–WEN OU–YANG, OF PENNSYLVANIA

TAYA L. OWENS, OF TENNESSEE

IAN NICHOLAS PARKER, OF CALIFORNIA

JACKIE LA PARKER, OF GEORGIA

JORDAN J. PEARSON, OF NORTH CAROLINA

CHRISTOPHER SCOTT PERRY, OF FLORIDA

MAURA M. PFEIFER, OF VIRGINIA

CHRISTOPHER B. PHELAN, OF KANSAS

MATTHEW DAVID PHILLIPS, OF MISSOURI

CHRISTINA L. POWELL, OF MARYLAND

FATIMA ZOHRA QURAISHI, OF VIRGINIA

ERIC J. RAHMAN, OF CONNECTICUT

MEG M. RAPELYE, OF VIRGINIA

KATHARINE F. RAVETZ, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

CHRISTINE MARIE REITER, OF KENTUCKY

MIGUEL JUAN RIVERA, OF SOUTH CAROLINA

SARAH E. SANDERSON, OF MICHIGAN

ELLEN ELIZABETH SCHOLL, OF TEXAS

HELEN S. SHAW, OF TEXAS

TAMARA NADIA SHAYA HOFFMANN, OF VIRGINIA

MATTHEW DAVID SHEREN, OF NEW JERSEY

NATALIA J. SITNIKOV, OF VIRGINIA

NICHOLAS A. SOTTLER, OF VIRGINIA

RAMATA SOW, OF MARYLAND

JILLIAN TAYLOR ST. JOHN, OF TEXAS

SARAH ELIZABETH STRANEY, OF THE DISTRICT OF CO-

LUMBIA

KORY ALEXANDER STRICKLAND, OF TEXAS

ELIZABETH ANNE STRIMER, OF FLORIDA

LEYTH SWIDAN, OF CALIFORNIA

REBECCA I. TEHAN, OF OHIO

GEOFFREY FINGER THOMAS, OF NEW YORK

GIVI TIBANELI, OF CALIFORNIA

CAMERON M. TORREON, OF MARYLAND

DANIEL ALEXANDER TOUBOLETS, OF SOUTH DAKOTA

KIMBERLY T. TRIGNANO, OF FLORIDA

BRYNA M. TUFT, OF COLORADO

STUART M. TURNER, OF TENNESSEE

CHRISTINE L. VALENTINE, OF KENTUCKY

DAVID WILLIAM VARVEL, OF WASHINGTON

ANNE L. VERDEROSA, OF PENNSYLVANIA

KEMPER S. WAGNER, OF VIRGINIA

STEPHEN S. WHALEY, OF OHIO

MICHAEL J. WHITE, OF TEXAS

MALCOLM J. WHITEHEAD, OF VIRGINIA

CHRISTOPHER STEVE WILLFORD, OF IDAHO

AZAR S. WILLIAMS, OF VIRGINIA

LAURA M. WILLIFORD, OF GEORGIA

MARINA A. YAKHNIS, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

KATHERINE LUNDAY YATES, OF TEXAS

HERMILA HAILEMARIAM YIFTER, OF NEVADA

MARY E. YOU, OF PENNSYLVANIA

JAIME ALBERTO ZEA CIFUENTES, OF NORTH CAROLINA

THE FOLLOWING NAMED CAREER MEMBERS OF THE

FOREIGN SERVICE FOR PROMOTION INTO THE SENIOR

FOREIGN SERVICE, CLASS OF COUNSELOR:

MICHAEL F. CAVANAUGH, OF WASHINGTON

JOHN M. GRONDELSKI, OF NEW JERSEY

NOMINATIONS

Executive nominations received by

the Senate on Tuesday, May 24, 2022:

FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION

RICHARD GLICK, OF VIRGINIA, TO BE A MEMBER OF

THE FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION FOR

A TERM EXPIRING JUNE 30, 2027. (REAPPOINTMENT)

DEPARTMENT OF STATE

JONATHAN HENICK, OF VIRGINIA, A CAREER MEMBER

OF THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE, CLASS OF MINISTER–

COUNSELOR, TO BE AMBASSADOR EXTRAORDINARY AND

PLENIPOTENTIARY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

TO THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN.

JOEY R. HOOD, OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, A CAREER MEM-

BER OF THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE, CLASS OF MIN-

ISTER–COUNSELOR, TO BE AMBASSADOR EXTRAOR-

DINARY AND PLENIPOTENTIARY OF THE UNITED STATES

OF AMERICA TO THE REPUBLIC OF TUNISIA.

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

AMY LEFKOWITZ SOLOMON, OF THE DISTRICT OF CO-

LUMBIA, TO BE AN ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL,

VICE KAROL VIRGINIA MASON.

IN THE AIR FORCE

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT

IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI-

CATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE

AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION

601:

To be lieutenant general

MAJ. GEN. STACEY T. HAWKINS

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT

IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI-

CATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE

AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION

601:

To be lieutenant general

MAJ. GEN. KEVIN B. KENNEDY

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT

IN THE RESERVE OF THE AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI-

CATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:

To be major general

BRIG. GEN. RICHARD L. KEMBLE

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT

IN THE RESERVE OF THE AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI-

CATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:

To be major general

BRIG. GEN. JOHN J. BARTRUM

IN THE ARMY

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT

IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED

WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND

RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601:

To be lieutenant general

LT. GEN. RONALD P. CLARK

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT

IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED

WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND

RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601:

To be lieutenant general

MAJ. GEN. PATRICK D. FRANK

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY

VETERINARY CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U. S.C., SECTIONS

624 AND 7064:

To be lieutenant colonel

LAURA M. ANDERSON

MARY C. AVRIETTE

PHILIP A. BOWLING

NATHAN S. CHUMBLER

JESSICA M. CONNOLLY

EMILY M. CORBIN

SARAH K. CUDD

JENNIFER C. EFFLER

DAWN M. HULL

TIFFANY L. KIMBRELL

ANDREW J. SCHRADER

ELAD I. STOTLAND

TSELANE P. WARE

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY

MEDICAL SPECIALIST CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C.,

SECTIONS 624 AND 7064:

To be lieutenant colonel

TYSON G. BAYNES

SHERYL R. BOLIDO

PETER M. DOYLE

JESS FELDTMANN

STEPHANIE M. GASPER

JONATHAN R. HALLER

JESSICA A. HORINE

JULIANNA M. JAYNE

MARY M. JOHNSON

JASON R. JONES

ANDREW R. KENNEDY

ADRIENNE M. KRAMER

MARGARET M. KUCIA

JENNIFER Y. L. LEE

HUGH S. MCLEOD IV

JAMIE B. MORRIS

BRYAN B. PICKENS

ELIZA B. SZYMANEK

JERIMIAH D. WALKER

GEOFFREY A. WASHBURN

JAMES P. WINSTEAD

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY

MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SEC-

TIONS 624 AND 7064:

To be lieutenant colonel

MICHAEL L. AHRENS

JONATHAN D. AKERS

CHRISTOPHER S. ALFEREZ

MANUEL A. BACCINELLI

MICHAEL T. BADDLEY

DANA J. BAL

EVETTE C. BARNES

RAYMOND T. BECKMAN

DAVID J. BEHRMANN

YOLANDA T. BENSON

JEFFREY J. BERWELL

CAMILLE I. BETITO

ANDREW T. BIGELOW

JULIE C. BRIDGES

REBEKAH C. BROADY

VERN E. CAMPIGOTTO, JR.

JOCEPHUS S. CARLILE

DANIELLE A. CHANDLER

ANDRE P. CHAPLIN

STEVEN S. S. CHO

THOMAS J. CLIFFORD

SAMUEL COLEMAN III

THOMAS C. COLLINS

JASON A. CONSTANTINEAU

VERNITA M. CORBETT

COLEMAN C. E. COX

PETER J. DELL

DARREN D. DENT

THOMAS J. DOLCE

DIONNE DRAYTON

PHILIP B. DUFF III

AIDA M. ECHEVARRIA

CLINTON D. ELLIS

DAMON W. ELLISON

RAYSON E. EVBUOMWAN

JORDAN T. GARRETT

KASSANDRA T. GESSE

WALTER L. GLASCO

GEORGE C. GOODWYN

JOHN C. GORBET

WESTON C. GORING

SUSAN N. GOSINE

STEVEN P. GUTIERREZ

CALE T. HAMILTON

LAUREN M. HAMLIN

GREGORY W. HARE

JESSICA M. HARMON

TONJA R. HARRIS

TRAVIS C. HELM

WILLIAM L. HENJUM

JONATHAN P. HICKS

EARL W. HIRATA, JR.

ZACHARY HITCHCOCK

MATTHEW J. HOLUTA

VICTORIA L. IJAMES

KARA L. JENSEN

ROBBIE S. JOHNSON, JR.

SEAN M. KILEY

WILLIAM T. KILGORE

MATTHEW KRULL

AARON N. KRUPP

DARLENE A. LAZARD

JUSTIN M. LILLY

EHREN A. LINDERMAN

BJORN C. LISTERUD

MATTHEW L. LOPRESTI

AMANDA G. LUSCHINSKI

JUSTINE J. MAJERES

TYLER J. MARK

MARY E. MARKIVICH

LLOYD A. MASON

EUGENIA E. MCDANIEL

ROBERT C. MCDONOUGH

JOSEPH W. MCGEE, JR.

NICOLE L. MCNISH

AMASA L. MECHAM

JESSE M. MONCIVAIS

MATTHEW S. MOORE

MATTHEW J. MOOSEY

MICAH J. MORINO

ANDREW R. NEIGHBORS

JUSTIN C. NEVINS

JUSTIN J. ORTON

CARPACCIO E. OWENS

KENESHA D. PACE

ELIZABETH E. PATRICOLA

JOUBERT N. PAULINO

TODD A. PERRY

SARAH L. PIERSON

JOSHUA R. POUNDERS

WENDY L. PRICE

DEVON V. RILEY

JODI L. SANTIAGO

VERONICA F. SCHOENBORN

NATHAN D. SCHROEDER

SEAN P. SEAY

BRYAN D. SHRIVES

CAITLIN J. SMITH

BOBBI S. SNOWDEN

PERRY C. SOSEBEE, JR.

LEAH M. STEDER

MICHAEL P. STEVENS

SARAH M. SUBLETT

SIERRA A. L. SYMONETTE

KAREN E. THOMAS

SARA V. TURINSKY

ERICK M. VINES

BETHANY A. WAGNER

NATHAN T. WAGNER

HEATHER M. WAITE

ROBERT M. WEBER

WILLIAM K. WHITE

ERIK C. WIESEHAN

ANDREW T. WILSON

JENNIFER D. WILSON

DANIEL W. WINNIE

CHARLES J. WYATT

MONIKA M. YUNTHOMAS

DAVID C. ZGONC

VICTOR E. ZOTTIG

D016666

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY

NURSE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 AND

7064:

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATES2674 May 24, 2022

To be lieutenant colonel

CHAD W. BACKUS

CHRISTINE M. BACSA

KIMBERLY M. BANNISTER

JOEL C. BAUZON

RODERICK BOWSER

FELICIA R. BROWN

JODI L. BROWN

MICHAEL F. BROWN III

AMY E. BRZUCHALSKI

MATTHEW E. BUCKLES

ERSAN CAPAN

CARY N. CARTER

LORETTA K. CLARKTORREIRA

BRANDY L. CLAYTON

BLAIR M. COOK

ANNE M. DANIELE

ARIELLE J. DIETZ

NOELLE S. DOVE

BRANDI M. DUPOUX

ANNIE M. FANT

BRYAN S. FERRARA

DAVID R. FISHER

SHARA FISHER

JORDAN P. GAMMONS

CAISSY A. GOE

JACLYN A. GRANT

CHRISTINE S. HARRIS

MONICA M. HOLLOWAY

ELIZABETH A. HULTGREN

TRACY K. A. HUTCHISON

DIANNE A. JAMES

ERIKA JARAMILLO

BRANDO S. JOBITY

NICHOLE M. T. JOHNSON

PATRICK R. KADILAK

BROOKE L. KAHL

ELIZABETH L. KASSULKE

ADAM D. KELLER

MICHAEL A. KNIGHT

TERESA D. KUSTER

KEITH M. LATHROP

NICOLE M. LAWRENCE

MEGAN L. MATTERS

JAMILL A. MATTHEWS

ANGIE D. MCCONNICO

KIMBERLY J. MOORE

MAYKO L. MOSES

CYNTHIA L. NATION

KEYONA M. NELSON

VIKKI A. NUNNERY

BENILANI M. PASSE

EBONY A. PETERMAN

ROBERT S. REVELS

TIFFANY E. RICHARDS

TABITHA L. RILEY

SILVA W. E. RIVERA

MICHAEL T. ROBERTSON

KRISTEN E. SHEAR

LECRESHIA S. SHIELDS

ANGELA K. SHRADER

REGINA M. THORP

CLAUDIA I. TORRES

LAUREY K. TYSON

TRAM N. UNG

DELLENE R. WEBB

GREGORY B. WILLIAMS

AMY L. WOOTEN

FRANCES R. YOUNG

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be lieutenant colonel

ALAN R. BOYES

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY

UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

To be lieutenant colonel

THOMAS S. FURMAN

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY

MEDICAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624

AND 7064:

To be lieutenant colonel

DUSTIN M. ALBERT

JACQUELINE A. ANDERSON

JEANNIE L. BAY

KNOX J. BEASLEY

ERIK B. BECKER

ROBERTO A. BELLI

NICK F. BENNETT

CHRISTOPHER R. BICKETT

JASON R. BINGHAM

LINDSEY B. BORGIA

IAN A. BRECKENRIDGE

CHRISTOPHER B. BROOKS

JEFFREY A. BROWN

JENNIFER A. BROWN

TAM BUI

CASSANDRA L. CARDARELLI

ANDRIA M. CARUSO

DAVID CHANG

PATRICK M. CHESLEY

ANDREW W. CLEVELAND

ELAINE M. CLEVELAND

JAMES C. COLEMAN

NATHANIAL K. COPELAND

JUSTIN E. COSTELLO

DANIEL J. COUGHLIN

CHRISTOPHER M. DALY

JOSEPH H. DANNENBAUM IV

DANIEL C. DEROSA

RAFFAELLA DEROSA

SANDEEP T. DHANJAL

JASON A. DICKENS

CARMINA A. DOMINGO

MICHAEL A. DONOHUE

NOEL A. DUNN

KATELYN E. EARLS

JONATHAN R. EPPERSON

EMILIO FENTANES

AARON D. FIELDEN

ABRAHAM C. FISH

ROSS D. FLAKE

PETER M. FORMBY

BENJAMIN T. FRANKLIN

DANIELLA D. FREMSTAD

NICHOLAS L. FRIEDMAN

MARGARET E. GALLAGHER

OLUWASEYI A. GBADEALABI

CATHERINE A. GILL

SARAH M. GORDON

MARISA L. GOSSWEILER

DEVON W. GREER

MARTIN J. HARRIS

NICOLE M. HARRISON

SHANE A. HAWKSWORTH

RUSS P. HENRIET

MATTHEW E. HERBERG

STEPHANIE L. HIGHTOWER

RAHE N. HIRALDODELGADO

NIKHIL A. HUPRIKAR

CHRISTINA M. HYLDEN

OKEZIE C. IGBOELI

CHRISTOPHER J. IWANOFF

CHRISTINE A. JACOBS

ERIK S. JOHNSON

JEREMY D. KARLIN

JONATHAN J. K. KEUNG

PATRICK W. KICKER

ANDREW KIM

DANIEL J. T. KIM

JACQUELINE N. KIRCHER

NATHAN S. LANHAM

ALBERT J. LEE

JOSHUA S. LEE

CLAYTON J. LEWIS

TERRENCE D. LEWIS

ANDRE C. L. LIEM

LUKE J. LINDLEY

GEOFFREY A. LOH

EVELYN M. LOMASNEY

WILLIAM A. L. LONDEREE

CHRISTOPHER W. MANGIERI

KEVIN F. MASKELL, JR.

STACEY J. H. MCCLINTICK

JULISSA MENDOZA

JEFFREY M. MILCH

MECHELLE A. MILLER

CHARLES H. MOORE

MICHAEL O. NEEDHAM

RONALD L. NEWCOMB

NATHAN S. NIELSEN

GILBERTO A. NIEVES

MATTHEW R. NOSS

ANDREW S. OH

DAVID L. OLIVER

TARA K. ORTIZ

TIMOTHY S. PARK

INDURUWA N. PATHIRANA

ASHLEIGH R. PAVEY

GABRIEL J. PAVEY

EMILY R. PENICK

MATTHEW J. PERKINS

MATTHEW R. PETERSON

MATTHEW L. PIEROTTI

WILLIAM B. PITTS

VLATKA S. PLYMALE

LAUREN E. POTTS

CHRISTOPHER N. PREMO

THOMAS J. RAJ

BRADLEY A. REDICK

DAVID A. REYNOLDS

JACOB W. ROBINSON

JAMIE D. ROBINSON

BENJAMIN J. ROSEN

JOSEPH L. ROSWARSKI

MICHAEL R. ROWLAND

KATHARINE R. SALYER

HAROON SAMAR

ROBERT C. SAWYER

PAUL C. SCHUNK

JOHN H. SCHWARTZ

ROBERT R. SHAWHAN

CHARLES A. SIBLEY

REEMA R. SIKKA

BENJAMIN R. SMITH

MICHAL J. SOBIESZCZYK

NICOLE M. SOLANA

VICTORIA F. SULLIVAN

JARED A. SUTTON

ERWIN A. TIEVA

SAMUEL M. TIGLAO

OLLI T. TOUKOLEHTO

KWOKYAN W. TSOI

JASON A. UNGER

COURTNEY R. USRY

ABIGAIL K. VARGO

LAUREN M. VASTA

WILLIAM V. VOGT

VINCENT N. VU

MATTHEW J. WEEKS

KATIE L. WESTERFIELD

MATTHEW R. WILLIAMS

BRANDON T. WOODS

MARC F. WUERDEMAN

BRADY L. YATES

INGRID J. YONKIN

BRIAN YOON

SHOSHANA ZHENG

KIMBERLY C. ZIBERT

JENNIFER E. ZUCCARELLI

D016614

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT

TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY

DENTAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624

AND 7064:

To be lieutenant colonel

AARON H. AMANO

LLOYD A. ANCMAN

JENNETTE M. BICK

ALICIA Y.K. CHOI

JUSTIN T. CHUNG

PAMELA S. COTTON

ARI C. CYLUS

KEVIN D. DALLING

LOC V. DANG

KATHERINE M. DARLINGLUND

STEVEN P. DELGADO

MIGDALIA EIBLTORRES

JACOB J.C. ENGLAND

KURT B. GOODELL

CHARLES V. GRIFE III

DAWNYETTA R. HIXSON

JUN S. HONG

JEFFREY B. INGALLS

CHANGHEE JIN

CAMERON R. JOHNSON

JEE Y. KIM

DREW T. KRENA

CHRISTY I. LEE

KEANE R. LINDBLAD

CHRISTOPHER J. LUEVANO

CHRISTOPHER T. LUND

ROBERT E. MASTERSON

TRAVIS L. OCHSNER

AARON S. PFAFF

DONALD G. RICE

JOSHUA T. SPARKS

JONATHAN Y. STATESON

JESSE A. THIETTEN

JESSE C. THOMPSON

NICHOLAS D. WILSON

DISCHARGED NOMINATION

The Senate Committee on Homeland

Security and Governmental Affairs was

discharged from further consideration

of the following nomination under the

authority of the order of the Senate of

01/07/2009 and the nomination was held

at the desk:

BENNY R. WAGNER, OF TENNESSEE, TO BE INSPECTOR

GENERAL OF THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY.

CONFIRMATIONS

Executive nominations confirmed by

the Senate May 24, 2022:

THE JUDICIARY

STEPHANIE DAWKINS DAVIS, OF MICHIGAN, TO BE

UNITED STATES CIRCUIT JUDGE FOR THE SIXTH CIR-

CUIT.

FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION

DARA LINDENBAUM, OF VIRGINIA, TO BE A MEMBER OF

THE FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FOR A TERM EX-

PIRING APRIL 30, 2027.

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

PAUL M. ROSEN, OF CALIFORNIA, TO BE ASSISTANT

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY FOR INVESTMENT SECU-

RITY.

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