The calculated exposure
was compared to a so-called DNEL value. The
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level) has been determined based on animal tests
and illustrates the exposure level, below which no effects are expected. At the
comparison it was taken into account that the consumer is also exposed to
BPA from other sources.
There is some uncertainty to which extent BPA deposed on the skin is actu-
ally absorbed in the body. The EU risk assessment for BPA assumed for its
calculations that only 10% is absorbed, whereas later studies indicate that it
could be a larger quantity and calculations in this study have been made as-
suming that 10% and 50%, respectively, is absorbed.
In order to assess whether there could be a risk related to the exposure, a so-
called Risk Characterization Ratio (RCR) is made by dividing the calculated
internal dose (uptake) with a DNEL value, which designates the level below
which no effects are expected to occur. If the RCR is below 1, the exposure is
assessed to cause no risk. The RCR for the worst case scenario for consumers,
where it is assumed that 50% is absorbed, was calculated to 0.14. If, at the
same time, cumulative exposure from dietary intake is included, the total
RCR will be 0.19. For cashiers a total RCR of 0.79 was calculated. In the cal-
culations it has not been taken into account that BPA on the fingers probably
reduces the amount of BPA left on the skin from the next touch. In a Swiss
study where this effect was taken into account and migration data to more dry
fingers are also included, a considerably lower absorption was calculated than
in the worst case scenarios in this study. As worst case scenarios are used here,
and the RCR values are below 1, it is estimated that with the present knowl-
edge on he effects of BPA there will be no significant risk related to the han-
dling of the cash register receipts.
BPA in baby dummies made of polycarbonate
Polycarbona
te is made by a polymerization of BPA and the final polycarbon-
ate contains small quantities of BPA which is not polymerized. According to
information from suppliers of baby dummies it is estimated that shield and
ring in 10-20% of the dummies on the Danish market are made of polycar-
bonate. The part is diminishing, as other plastic types are used, such as poly-
propylene or co-polyester.
In analyses of BPA exposure from dummies’ shield to artificial sweat and sa-
liva, the migration to both media was below the detection limit for 6 out of 8
examined dummies. For one dummy, migration was above the detection limit
to both media, whereas for one dummy only migration to saliva was found.
In an exposure scenario where it is assumed that the baby has the dummy in
the mouth 7.75 hours a day and assuming that 50% of the amount migrated to
the skin is absorbed, the total RCR value is calculated to 0.0069 which is far
below 1. The results confirm a previous result from a large study of 2 year-
old’s exposure to chemical substances published by the Danish EPA in 2009.
Conclusion
The result
s of this survey thus signify that there is no immediate health risk
related to the use of BPA based cash register receipts and baby dummies. No
matter the results it is worth noticing that BPA has been classified as an endo-
crine system disruptor with the hazard statement ”Suspected of damaging fer-
tility“. The substance is also listed on the Danish EPA’s “List of undesirable
substances”, a signal list and guidance to companies about problematic sub-
stances and use of which should be reduced or terminated in the long term.
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