Advancing the measurement of the creative economy

unctad.org

A revised framework for

creative industries and trade

Advancing the measurement

of the creative economy

UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT

A revised framework for

creative industries and trade

Advancing the measurement

of the creative economy

Geneva, 2024

This work is available through open access, by complying with the Creative Commons licence created for

intergovernmental organizations, at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/.

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eISBN: 978-92-1-358922-9

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Acknowledgements

This technical report was prepared by the UNCTAD Division on International Trade and Commodities under the

overall guidance of Miho Shirotori, Acting Director, and the direct supervision of Marisa Henderson, Chief of the

Trade and Creative Economy Section; Katalin Bokor led the work of the report team.

UNCTAD gratefully acknowledges the substantive contributions to the study by Mark Spilsbury.

The report has benefited significantly from discussions held at meetings of an informal working group on the

creative economy, set up by UNCTAD in 2021 and coordinated by David Bicchetti (2021) and Vincent Valentine

(2022), along with associated written contributions. The group was tasked with enhancing the taxonomy and

classification of creative industries, with a focus on trade and development perspectives.

UNCTAD is particularly indebted to substantive contributions from the following experts and members of the

working group: Shiran Ben Abderrazak, Rafaelita M. Aldaba, Niki Cattaneo, Hubert Escaith, Patrick Kabanda,

Nika Murovec, Dwinita Larasa, Zaldivar Peralta, Esteban Santamaria Hernandez and Jen Snowball.

The development of the tables for statistical classification codes was carried out in collaboration with Lydia

Deloumeaux, UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Statistical support was also provided by Ildephonse Mbabazizimana,

UNCTAD. Both contributions are deeply appreciated. The paper was further enriched by substantial comments

from Lydia Deloumeaux and UNCTAD staff members Zenathan Adnin Hasannudin, Sanja Blazevic, Graham Mott,

Anu Peltola and Mesut Saygili.

The layout of inside pages was carried out by Laura Moresino-Borini.

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

Abbreviations and acronyms

ALADI Latin American Integration Association

CPC Central Product Classification

EBOPS Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification

HS Harmonized System

IDB Inter-American Development Bank

ISIC International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities

NACE Statistical Classification of Economic Activities

NAICS North American Industry Classification System

SNA System of National Accounts

SIC Standard Industrial Classification

UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

CONTENTS

Contents

Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................................... iii

Abbreviations and acronyms .............................................................................................................................iv

I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... vii

A. Background ...........................................................................................................................................viii

B. Mandate ...............................................................................................................................................viii

C. Purpose and key objectives .................................................................................................................... 1

II. Existing measurement frameworks ......................................................................................................... 3

A. Economic dimension of the creative economy......................................................................................... 4

B. International trade in creative goods and services ................................................................................... 8

III. UNCTAD’s creative economy denition and measurement framework ............................................ 11

A. Denition ............................................................................................................................................... 12

B. Old measurement framework ................................................................................................................ 12

C. Changes in the updated measurement framework ................................................................................ 15

I V. Tables of international classication codes for data collection ........................................................ 21

A. Creative industries ................................................................................................................................ 22

B. Creative goods and services ................................................................................................................. 25

V. Impact of change in statistical coverage .............................................................................................. 47

VI. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................ 51

Endnotes ........................................................................................................................................................ 53

Annex. Correspondence table for creative industries in ISIC Rev. 4 and ISIC Rev. 5 ........................................ 55

References ..................................................................................................................................................... 59

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

CONTENTS

Boxes

1. Main changes in ISIC Rev. 5 compared to ISIC Rev. 4 related to creative industries .................................... 16

2. Main changes in HS 2022 related to creative goods compared to HS 2012 ................................................ 17

Tables

1. Industries covered in different cultural and creative economy concepts by international and

regional organisations ................................................................................................................................... 6

2. Industries covered in different cultural and creative economy concepts by selected countries ....................... 7

3. Creative and cultural goods covered in trade statistics by international organisations .................................... 8

4. Creative and cultural services covered in trade statistics by international organisations ................................. 9

5. UNCTAD’s previous creative goods groups ................................................................................................. 13

6. EBOPS 2010 codes used to provide coverage of creative services ............................................................. 14

7. Creative industries using ISIC Rev. 5 ........................................................................................................... 22

8. Creative goods and services in international trade using HS 2022 and EBOPS 2010 .................................. 26

Figures

1. Links between ISIC, CPC, HS and EBOPS ................................................................................................. 15

2. Global exports of creative goods calculated with UNCTAD’s “updated” and “old” framework ......................... 48

3. World creative goods exports by product groups with UNCTAD’s “old” framework ............................................ 49

4. World creative goods exports by product groups with UNCTAD’s “updated” framework .................................. 49

5. World exports of crafts and design goods with UNCTAD’s “updated” framework ............................................... 50

Introduction

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

viii

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background

The creative economy is one of the world’s most rapidly expanding sectors, offering a promising avenue for

economic development and diversification, particularly in developing countries (UNCTAD, 2022). Culture and

creativity are fundamental facets of human existence and civilization and play a substantial role in the global

economy. The cultural sector alone contributes 3.1 per cent to global gross domestic product (GDP) (UNESCO,

2022), and it employs between 2.6 and 10.3 percent of the workforce in countries where data is available

(UNESCO Institute for Statistics data on cultural employment). Moreover, estimates of the United Nations

Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) revealed that in 2022, creative goods and services comprised

3 per cent and 19 per cent of total merchandise and services exports, respectively (UNCTADStat Data centre).

Just as the creative economy is gaining significance as a catalyst for sustainable livelihoods across the globe,

there is increasing need for the UNCTAD secretariat to respond to member States’ requests for consistent and

up-to-date analysis based on reliable data on creative goods and services.

The concepts of the creative economy and creative industries are continuously evolving. Megatrends like

digitalization have given rise to new creative products while fundamentally transforming existing ones. For

instance, film and music, traditionally distributed in DVD, vinyl and CD formats, are now predominantly streamed

digitally. Additionally, new versions of statistical classifications have emerged to better identify and capture the

economic dimensions of creative industries. Given the evolving nature of creative goods and services, due in

no small part to recent technological changes and the emergence of digital platforms, UNCTAD recognizes the

need to review its definitions of the creative economy and creative industries, and its classification system for

measuring international trade in creative goods and services, established in the Creative Economy Report 2008

(UNCTAD and UNDP, 2008).

B. Mandate

UNCTAD’s Bridgetown Covenant

(paragraph 54) and General Assembly resolutions 74/198

(on the International

Year of Creative Economy for Sustainable Development adopted in 2019) and 78/133

(on promoting

creative economy for sustainable development adopted in 2023) provided a mandate to UNCTAD to offer a

comprehensive analysis of the creative economy and creative goods and services. Furthermore, the recent Kushi

Culture Pathway

(paragraph 10), the outcome document of the G20 Culture Minister’s Meeting, has called for

increased collaboration to enhance the conceptual and monitoring framework for cultural and creative sectors

and industries, highlighting the roles of relevant international organizations such as the Organisation for Economic

Co-operation and Development (OECD), UNCTAD, and UNESCO.

UNCTAD has actively elevated the profile of the creative economy on the global economic and development

agenda since 2004. Through its creative economy programme, UNCTAD conducts in-depth analyses, focusing

on creative industry dynamics and international trade trends. This programme provides insights into ongoing

developments and promotes evidence-based understanding of creative goods and services trade, digitalization,

and intellectual property. UNCTAD also compiles and disseminates datasets on international trade in creative

goods and services.

This paper results from a collaborative global consultation involving creative economy experts, United Nations

agencies, and experts from national statistical offices. Firstly, UNCTAD established an Informal Working Group

on the Creative Economy in 2021, reflecting diverse measurement frameworks for the creative economy, revising

UNCTAD’s definitions, and enhancing the statistical coverage of creative goods and services in international

trade measurement. This working group deliberated on definitions, measurement frameworks, and case studies

from developed and developing nations. UNCTAD’s presentation and subsequent discussions introduced a new

framework that aligns creative industries with an updated list of creative products within international trade

statistics. Secondly, UNESCO and UNCTAD co-led a subgroup within the Task Team on International Trade

Statistics from 2022 under the facilitation of the United Nations Statistics Division. The subgroup works on a

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

I. INTRODUCTION

guidance note dedicated to refining the classification of cultural products emanating from cultural and creative

industries to be included in the updated international standards on compiling goods and services trade statistics.

The growing demand from developing countries to measure the contribution of their creative economy and

shape targeted policies is evident. UNCTAD tested its proposed statistical framework during a project in Angola

as part of the EU–UNCTAD Joint Programme for Angola: Train for Trade II. Utilizing the new creative industry

classification, UNCTAD produced a mapping report (UNCTAD, 2023) that assessed the economic significance

of Angola’s creative industries and proposed recommendations to support Angola’s economic diversification.

UNCTAD views this project as a pilot that can be adapted and replicated in other developing countries.

C. Purpose and key objectives

The primary aim of this report is to address the mandates discussed above, assisting countries—particularly,

developing and least developed—in mapping their creative industries. This paper introduces a statistical

framework for measuring the economic impact of creative industries and international trade in creative goods

and services. Historically, UNCTAD has lacked a statistical framework for identifying and measuring the economic

contribution of creative industries, only focusing on measuring international trade in creative goods and services.

This paper aims to rectify this by incorporating the latest versions of international classifications of industry,

product, and trade. The report has two key objectives:

• Enhance the measurement of the economic contribution of the creative economy by providing a list

of creative activities (using the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities

(ISIC)) and products (using the Central Product Classification (CPC)).

• Improve and update data collection on international trade of creative goods and services by revising

UNCTAD’s statistical classification.

II.

Existing measurement

frameworks

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

II. EXISTING MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORKS

A. Economic dimension of the creative economy

International statistical classification systems allow for the production and analysis of comparable data. “The

International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) is the global reference classification

of productive activities. Its main purpose is to provide a set of activity categories that can be utilized for the

collection and reporting of statistics according to such activities” (UNSD, 2008). Like other classifications, ISIC

was not designed to collect data about cultural and creative industries but allows for the identification and

collection of information about creative productive activities and industries. A global consultation on the revised

structure of ISIC Rev. 4 was concluded in 2022, and ISIC Rev. 5 is already available (UNSD, 2023). There

are region-specific activity classifications that are derived from or related to ISIC. For example, the statistical

classification of economic activities in the European Community (NACE) was inspired by earlier versions of ISIC

and later influenced the new ISIC Rev. 5. NACE is used in the European Union and includes more details for some

activities for European users. The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), used by Canada,

Mexico and the United States of America, is also related to ISIC.

Another classification that can be used to identify creative goods and services is the Central Product Classification

(CPC). The CPC aims “to classify the goods and services that are the result of production in any economy. This

production is accounted for in the national accounts of countries” (UNSD, 2015). CPC is also helpful in studying

transactions in goods and services in detail, including for international trade, and helps harmonizing various types

of statistics. The paper uses CPC Rev. 2 to link creative industry codes with codes of creative goods and services

in international trade. The revised CPC Rev. 3 structure is expected to be approved in 2024 and, therefore, it is

too early to use in this paper.

The notion of the creative economy is constantly evolving, with creativity and innovation playing a role across all

industries. Table 1 offers a comparative analysis of international organizations’ diverse methodologies, statistical

classifications, and scopes to compile statistics on cultural and creative industries. Each approach is underpinned

by a distinct rationale, resulting in somewhat divergent criteria for categorizing industries as “core” or “peripheral”

within the creative economy.

Several considerations and data compilations issues emerge:

• Common indicators to describe the creative economy: Predominantly, the creative economy’s contribution

to GDP, trade, and employment serves as the prevailing set of indicators for its characterization.

Recognizing the inherently intangible nature of creativity, these metrics, while not immune to imperfection,

remain invaluable tools for policymakers.

• The classification of creative industries is intrinsically linked to the ISIC code systems: To the extent

that there are deficiencies in the classification systems used, there will be deficiencies in the creative

industry definition. For example, regarding creative industries, it could be argued that the ISIC codes fail

to correctly identify the computer games or the music industries, which cannot be disentangled from

the more comprehensive creative arts and entertainment sector. The same applies to craft industries,

often embedded in many other sectors, some creative and some not. ISIC Rev. 5 improved capturing

creative industries, especially those linked to arts, performing arts, libraries, museums, and other cultural

activities.

• Industries contributing to manufacturing some creative and cultural goods: Handmade goods, artisanal

goods, or handicrafts are a crucial component of the creative sector, especially in developing countries.

However, manufacturing industries producing creative goods also create other products that are not

creative. For example, the manufacture of plastics products (ISIC 2220) includes the production of

statuettes and other ornamental articles (considered as creative), but also all types of plastics like those

used for packaging or parts of footwear. Therefore, considering all related manufacturing industries as

creative would result in an over-estimation of the sector. In addition, there is no distinction between

handmade and mass-produced goods in the Harmonised System used in international trade statistics.

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

II. EXISTING MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORKS

• Dynamic nature of creative activities: Official statistics aggregate detailed data by ISIC classes into

broader ISIC categories for dissemination, like the level of ISIC sections (i.e., C manufacturing or S arts,

sports and recreation in ISIC Rev. 5) or their combinations (i.e., service sector). Broad categories make

it harder to account for certain creative activities. In addition, businesses are assigned an ISIC code

based on their main activity, so all the elements of that activity (turnover, profit, employment, etc.) are

counted as contributing to one industry, whether it is creative or not. This means that ISIC categories

not directly related to the creative economy may include unidentified creative activities, especially when

the statistical unit is enterprise rather than a kind-of-activity or local unit.

• Challenges of capturing international trade in intangible assets: Intangible assets, such as patents,

royalties and licenses, trademarks, and copyrights, can be subject to reallocation of profits by

multinational enterprise groups as they are not physical in nature and can be located abroad in foreign

subsidiaries. This could be done by relocating research and development units, relocating patents or

setting up holding companies for trademarks, leading to international flows of patent payments between

high and low-tax jurisdictions. Accounting standards leave some room for the valuation of intangible

assets as market values are often missing, which may lead to overstating the transfer price of intangibles

such as royalty payments.

• Informality: The prevalence of informality and small-scale activity within the creative economy likely leads

to underestimating economic indicators. The creative economy’s economic and social contribution may

surpass what official statistics can currently measure.

• Resistance to measurement: It is worth noting that some members of the cultural and creative community

may exhibit strong opposition to the measurement and quantitative economic analysis of culture and the

creative economy because it is perceived as a non-economic activity or because creative workers may

prefer not to report such activities to avoid tax obligations.

• Diversity in measurement frameworks: While certain industries and products appear consistently in

different measurement frameworks, disparities exist in classifications, scope, granularity, methodologies,

guidelines, and the categorization of activities and products (e.g., cultural, related, auxiliary,

interdependent).

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

II. EXISTING MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORKS

Table 1. Industries covered in different cultural and creative economy concepts by international and

regional organisations

Concept Classication Coverage Industries covered

European Union

cultural and creative

sectors

(2022 proposal)

NACE 25 industries (cultural and

creative sectors) at NACE 4-digit

level

• Core cultural: cultural education; museum and

heritage sites; library and archives; visual arts and

writing; performing arts

• Cultural industries: radio and TV; recorded

music; audio-visual; book and press; culture

manufacturing (artistic craft); printing

• Creative sectors: advertising; design; architecture;

videogames

IDB orange economy ISIC Rev. 4 45 industries (“orange economy

activities”) at ISIC 4-digit level

• Traditional and artistic activities: visual arts;

performing arts

• Creative industries: crafts; publishing; audiovisual;

phonographic; interior design; graphic arts;

illustration; jewellery; video games; advertising;

fashion

• Activities of creative support: product design;

packaging design; marketing

UNCTAD creative

economy

ISIC Rev. 5 54 industries at ISIC 4-digit level

21 additional industries

contributing to the manufacturing

of some creative goods

• Creative industries: advertising and marketing;

architecture; audiovisual, multimedia and

photography; books and publishing; cultural

and natural heritage; design: product, graphic

and fashion design; manufacturing of crafts

and design goods; music, performing and visual

arts; software, video games, computer and web

services; research and development

UNESCO cultural

industries

ISIC Rev. 4 and

CPC Rev. 2

37 industries (“cultural productive

activities”) at ISIC 4-digit level

• Main cultural domains: A. cultural and natural

heritage; B. performance and celebration; C. visual

arts and crafts; D. books and press; E. audiovisual

and interactive media; F. design and creative

services

• Related domains: G. tourism; H. sports and

recreation

WIPO copyright

industries

ISIC Rev. 4 40 industries (“core copyright

industries”) at ISIC-4 digit level

28 “partial copyright industries”

21 “interdependent copyright

industries”

• Core copyright industries: press and literature;

music, theatrical productions, operas; motion

picture and video; radio and television;

photography; software, databases, and computer

games; visual and graphic arts; advertising

services; and copyright collective management

societies

• Partial copyright industries: apparel, textiles,

footwear; jewellery and coins; other crafts;

furniture; household goods, china, and glass;

wall coverings and carpets; toys and games;

architecture, engineering, surveying; interior

design; and museums

• Interdependent copyright industries: manufacture,

wholesale, and retail of: TV sets, radios, CD-DVD-

Blu-Ray players, electronic game equipment,

and other similar equipment; computers and

equipment; tablets and smartphones; and musical

instruments

Source: UNCTAD using IDB, Measuring CCS Consortium, UNESCO-UIS and WIPO resources (UNESCO-UIS, 2009; Restrepo and

Márquez, 2013; WIPO, 2015; Benavente and Grazzi, 2017; Measuring CCS Consortium, 2022).

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

II. EXISTING MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORKS

Table 2 provides examples of the statistical classifications employed by countries to delineate the creative

economy based on deliberations within the UNCTAD Informal Working Group on the Creative Economy.

Various nations, such as Indonesia and South Africa, have adopted the 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultural

Statistics as a foundational reference. However, they have further tailored it to align with their specific needs and

official statistical systems. Additionally, certain countries, including Argentina and Mexico, develop and publish

culture satellite accounts. Furthermore, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland developed a

methodology known as “Dynamic Mapping,” which derives its foundation from the creative intensities associated

with occupational roles (Bakhshi et al., 2013).

Table 2. Industries covered in different cultural and creative economy concepts by selected countries

Country Classication Coverage Industries covered

Argentina ISIC 12 main creative sectors and

21 sub-sectors

Advertising; Audiovisual; Books and publications; Cultural

education; Design; Digital content; Games and toys; Literary

musical, theatrical creation; Material heritage; Music; Performing

arts and shows; Visual and plastic arts

Indonesia Indonesian

Business

Classication

and ISIC

16 creative industries Advertising; Architecture; Crafts; Gastronomy; Fashion; Film,

animation and video; Fine arts; Gaming; Interior design; Music;

Performing arts; Photography; Product design; Publishing; TV

and radio; Visual communication design

Mexico SNA and NAICS 10 main industry categories

with 123 creative activities

Audiovisual media; Books, impressions and press; Crafts;

Cultural production of households; Design and creative services;

Education and cultural diffusion in educational institutions;

Material and natural heritage; Music and concerts; Performing

arts and shows; Visual and plastic arts

Slovenia NACE 11 main industry categories

and 41 sub-industries

Advertising; Architecture; Archives, libraries, cultural heritage;

Books and publishing; Cultural and artistic education; Design

and visual arts; Music; Performing arts and artistic creation;

Radio and TV; Software and games; Video and lms

South Africa ISIC 37 creative industries at ISIC

4-digit level (based on UNESCO

guidelines)

News agency activities; Other information services; Wholesale

of other household goods; Creative arts and entertainment;

Software publishing; Motion picture, video and television

programme production; Motion picture, video and television

programme post- production; Motion picture, video and TV

programme distribution; Sound recording and music publishing;

Motion picture projection; Radio broadcasting; Television

programming and broadcasting; Web portals; Renting of video

tapes and disks; News agency; Retail sale of music and video

recordings; Retail sale via mail order; Specialized design;

Architectural and engineering; Advertising

United Kingdom SIC 9 main industry categories and

31 sub-categories

Note: creative, cultural, and

digital sectors are dened

separately

Advertising and marketing; Architecture; Crafts; Design and

designer fashion; Film, TV, video, radio and photography; IT,

software and computer services; Publishing; Museums, galleries

and libraries; Music, performing and visual arts

Source: Input from members of the UNCTAD Working Group on the Creative Economy.

Abbreviations: CPC: Central Product Classication; ISIC: International Standard Industrial Classication; NACE: Statistical

Classication of Economic Activities; NAICS: North American Industry Classication System; SIC: Standard Industrial Classication;

SNA: System of National Accounts.

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

II. EXISTING MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORKS

B. International trade in creative goods and services

The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (HS), Developed by the World Customs Organisation

and updated every five years, and the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification (EBOPS) are the

international standard classifications to identify international trade in goods and services. HS is a multipurpose

international product nomenclature that forms the basis for customs tariffs and international merchandise trade

statistics collection.

EBOPS 2010 was developed from the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, which

serves as the standard framework for statistics on the transactions and positions between an economy and the

rest of the world. EBOPS provides a breakdown of the Balance of Payments Trade in Services item by type of

services. The classification meets several user requirements, including providing more detailed information on

trade in services as required in connection with the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) (UNSD,

2012).

Some challenges in trade data should be considered:

• In contrast to trade in creative services, measuring international trade in creative goods represents a

relatively straightforward process. Data on international trade in creative services is complex to collect

and remains scarce and often too aggregated.

• International trade data cannot account for national or foreign content.

• It also cannot differentiate artisanal or handmade products from mass-produced industrial products.

• Services trade data are often not detailed enough to capture certain creative services like arts,

entertainment or design, although they capture some activities like audio-visual services.

Table 3 and Table 4 show the different approaches to how the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI),

UNCTAD, and UNESCO measure trade in creative goods and services.

Table 3. Creative and cultural goods covered in trade statistics by international organisations

Organisation Classication Coverage Goods covered

ALADI HS 2017 928 products at HS 6-digit

level

7 main product groups (similar

to UNCTAD product groups)

Art crafts (=manual arts); Audio-visuals; Design; Information and

communication media; Performing arts; Publishing; Visual arts

UNCTAD HS 2022 230 products at HS 6-digit

level

7 main product groups

Architecture; audiovisual, multimedia and photography; books

and publishing; cultural and natural heritage; manufacturing

of crafts and design goods; music, performing and visual arts;

software, video games, computer and web services

UNESCO HS 2007

(to be updated

to HS 2022 in

2024)

85 products at HS 6-digit level

6 main cultural domains (with

2 related domains) and 13

sub-domains

A. cultural and natural heritage; B. performance and celebration;

C. visual arts and crafts; D. books and press; E. audiovisual and

interactive media; F. design and creative services

Source: UNCTAD based on the 2009 UNESCO Framework on Cultural Statistics and input at the UNCTAD Informal Working Group

on the Creative Economy.

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

II. EXISTING MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORKS

Table 4. Creative and cultural services covered in trade statistics by international organisations

Organisation Classication Coverage Services covered

UNCTAD EBOPS 2010 6 main services groups,

covering 10 services categories

Advertising, market research, and architecture; Audio-visual;

Cultural, recreational, and heritage services; Information;

Software; Research and development

UNESCO EBOPS 2010 9 main services categories at

EBOPS 3 and 4-digit level

Core cultural services: Licenses to reproduce and/or distribute

audiovisual products; Licenses to reproduce and/or distribute

related products; News agency services; Other information

services; Advertising, market research and public opinion polling;

Architectural services; Audiovisual products; Related services;

Heritage and recreational services

Source: UNCTAD based on UNESCO (2009).

III.

UNCTAD’s creative economy

definition and measurement

framework

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

III. UNCTAD’S CREATIVE ECONOMY DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK

A. Denition

UNCTAD’s mandate as the focal point of the United Nations system for the integrated treatment of trade and

development has led to it conceptualising the creative industries and the creative economy. This sees the creative

industries as:

• being the cycles of creation, production, and distribution of goods and services that use creativity and

intellectual capital as primary inputs;

• constituting a set of knowledge-based activities focused on, but not limited to, culture and heritage,

potentially generating revenues from trade and intellectual property rights;

• comprising tangible products and intangible intellectual or artistic services with creative content,

economic value, and market objectives;

• standing at the crossroads of the artisan, services, and industrial sectors; and

• being at the heart of the creative economy.

Under UNCTAD’s conceptualisation, the creative economy:

• is an evolving concept based on creative assets potentially generating economic growth and

development;

• fosters income generation, job creation, and export earnings while promoting social inclusion, cultural

diversity, and human development;

• embraces economic, cultural, and social aspects interacting with technology, intellectual property, and

tourism objectives;

• is a set of knowledge-based economic activities with a development dimension and cross-cutting

linkages at macro and micro levels to the overall economy;

• is a feasible development option calling for innovative, multidisciplinary policy responses and inter-

ministerial action.

The Informal Working Group on the Creative Economy discussed whether there was a need to revise or update

the definitions established in the 2008 Creative Economy Report (UNCTAD and UNDP, 2008). Members of the

working group agreed that the current definition stands the test of time. It encompasses the essence of what is

widely considered creative industries and is broad enough to be applied in all countries. It also withstands rapid

technological change that is transforming creative industries.

B. Old measurement framework

This chapter briefly presents UNCTAD’s “old” measurement framework to put the proposed changes in a context.

Regarding measurement and data collection, UNCTAD focuses only on international trade and compiles data

on trade in creative goods and services using HS and EBOPS. To date, the classification system that UNCTAD

has employed for creative goods has been hierarchical, featuring multiple levels of categorization to capture the

breadth and specificity of creative commodities. This structured approach included:

• A foundational level, designated as CER001, which encompassed the entirety of “all creative goods”,

serving as a broad umbrella for the subsequent, more specific classifications.

• A secondary level, which further distilled “all creative goods” into seven distinct groups, each assigned

a unique identifier from CER002 to CER008. These groups ranged from traditional arts and crafts to

contemporary media and publishing.

• Within each of these seven groups, a tertiary level of classifications was established to further segment

the creative goods into more detailed subcategories, allowing for a nuanced breakdown of the creative

industries.

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

III. UNCTAD’S CREATIVE ECONOMY DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK

• The most granular, fourth level consisted of individual goods, each linked to specific HS codes, which

are internationally recognized numbers that identify the type of goods for customs declarations.

Table 5 and Table 6 present the coverage of creative goods and the unchanged list of creative services that

UNCTAD has used so far.

Table 5. UNCTAD’s previous creative goods groups

Code Label

CER001 All creative goods

CER002 Art crafts

CER009 Carpets

CER010 Celebration

CER011 Other art crafts

CER012 Paperware

CER013 Wickerware

CER014 Yarn

CER003 Audiovisuals

CER015 Film

CER016 CDs, DVDs, tapes

CER004 Design

CER017 Architecture

CER018 Fashion

CER019 Glassware

CER020 Interior

CER021 Jewellery

CER022 Toys

CER005 New media

CER023 Recorded media

CER024 Video games

CER006 Performing arts

CER025 Musical instruments

CER026 Printed music

CER007 Publishing

CER027 Books

CER028 Newspaper

CER029 Other printed matter

CER008 Visual arts

CER030 Antiques

CER031 Painting

CER032 Photography

CER033 Sculpture

Source: UNCTAD.

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

III. UNCTAD’S CREATIVE ECONOMY DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK

Table 6. EBOPS 2010 codes used to provide coverage of creative services

EBOPS code EBOPS item name UNCTAD regrouping

8.2

Licences for the use of outcomes of research and

development

Research and development

8.3

Licences to reproduce and/or distribute computer

software

Software

8.4

Licences to reproduce and/or distribute audiovisual and

related products

Audiovisual

9.2.1 Computer services, software Software

9.3 Information services Information

10.1 Research and development Research and development

10.2.2

Advertising, market research, and public opinion polling

services

Advertising, market research, and architecture

10.3.1.1 Architectural services

11.1 Audiovisual and related services Audiovisual

11.2.3

Other personal, cultural, and recreational services,

heritage and recreational services

Cultural, recreational, and heritage services

Source: UNCTAD.

The classification system utilized by UNCTAD to date has encountered a range of challenges, varying in gravity.

Recognizing these issues is crucial as they underscore the importance of the updated framework UNCTAD

proposes:

• Currently, HS and EBOPS do not link to industry classifications (ISIC or other regional versions like

NACE or other classifications), which limits the data used in sector analysis, often presented using

industry codes. Developing countries who wish to measure the economic contribution of their creative

economies need to start by looking at available data about the industries considered creative. Therefore,

there is a need for an industry list consistent with international trade statistics.

• The list of creative products, established by UNCTAD with the assistance of experts nearly two decades

ago in 2008, now appears outdated in certain respects. Some included products, which may have

originated from creative designs, have since transitioned to mass-produced items, losing their “creative”

distinction in the process (i.e., certain crafts and design goods such as interior design products or

carpets). This calls into question the rationale behind their continued inclusion.

• The digital transformation has led to a convergence of creative goods and services, further complicating

the classification. Physical goods like books and music CDs have evolved into digital services such as

e-books and music streaming, necessitating a framework that can adapt to such shifts and recognize

emerging digital products.

• The current UNCTAD groupings are based on a dated version of the HS codes – the 2012 version. There

is a 2022 version now in use.

Addressing these issues is not merely a technical update; it is essential for creating a robust, relevant, and

responsive framework that can capture the full spectrum and evolving nature of the creative economy. The

updated framework aims to rectify these shortcomings, thus providing countries with a powerful tool to measure

and leverage their creative economies effectively.

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

III. UNCTAD’S CREATIVE ECONOMY DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK

C. Changes in the updated measurement framework

With these limitations, UNCTAD decided to review creative activities within ISIC as a first step to help update the

coverage of creative goods and services for measuring international trade. The new version of ISIC (ISIC Rev. 5) was

used to identify creative industries with their respective HS and EBOPS codes that could link creative industries

and trade. As there is currently no direct correspondence between ISIC, HS, and EBOPS codes, we used CPC

for goods and services to make the links between creative industries and international trade. Figure 1 shows this

methodology and the links between the classifications used.

Figure 1. Links between ISIC, CPC, HS and EBOPS

Creative industries

(ISIC)

Intermediary step:

Creative products

(CPC)

Creative goods

(HS)

Creative services

(EBOPS)

Source: UNCTAD.

The starting point for developing a UNCTAD creative industry list was to use a pre-existing classification of the

creative industries, such as UNESCO’s list of cultural industries, to reach synergies and facilitate understanding

of cultural and creative scope. Using this classification as the baseline, the following amendments were made:

Applying the UNCTAD creative economy definition. UNCTAD has traditionally covered a wider scope of

creative good groups and services than UNESCO. Especially, UNCTAD covers a larger group of industrially

produced or handmade art crafts (i.e., carpets, wickerware, yarn products), design products (i.e., interior design,

fashion accessories, glassware, toys), publishing, and new media products (i.e., some video games related

products). UNCTAD also considers software, research and development, and license-related services as creative.

Ensuring consistency between the list of creative industries and creative trade. The UNCTAD Informal

Working Group on the Creative Economy suggested not to drop products from the previous UNCTAD list,

because many of them (especially art crafts and design products, resulting from manufacturing activities) are too

important for developing countries because of their cultural elements. Therefore, UNCTAD decided to update the

classification and include some newly emerged products.

Applying the latest ISIC classification. The new version of ISIC (ISIC Revision 5) was used to link creative

industries with their respective HS codes. Revision 5 of ISIC provides a better breakdown of some creative and

cultural industries. ISIC Rev. 5 includes additional details to reflect cultural activities as well as conservation,

restoration and other support activities for cultural heritage. It proposes new categories, especially for the

ISIC Rev. 4 code 9000 Creative, Arts and Entertainment Activities.

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

III. UNCTAD’S CREATIVE ECONOMY DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK

Box 1. Main changes in ISIC Rev. 5 compared to ISIC Rev. 4 related to creative industries

90 – Arts creation and performing arts activities

901 – Arts creation activities

902 – Performing arts

903 – Support activities to arts creation and performing arts

91 – Library, archives, museum and other cultural activities

911 – Library and archive activities

9111 – Library activities

9112 – Archive activities

912 – Museum, collection, historical site and monument activities

9121 – Museum and collection activities

9122 – Historical site and monument activities

913 – Conservation, restoration and other support activities for cultural heritage

914 – Botanical and zoological gardens and nature reserves activities

9141 – Botanical and zoological garden activities

9142 – Nature reserve and protected area activities

The ISIC Rev. 4 Section J – Information and communication is split into two sections in the new proposed structure:

• ISIC Rev. 5 Section J – Publishing, broadcasting, and content production and distribution activities

• ISIC Rev. 5 Section K – Telecommunications, computer programming, consultancy, computing infrastructure, and other

information service activities.

Source: Guidance Note 16: Clarication on Cultural Products Resulting from Creative Industries developed within the Task Team for

International Trade Statistics.

Applying the latest HS classification. The latest version of HS (HS 2022) was used to update UNCTAD’s list

of creative goods. HS codes are updated every five years to reflect technological advances and new products

and eliminate obsolete goods and categories. As the creative economy is ever-evolving, a regular review of the

product coverage is necessary.

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

III. UNCTAD’S CREATIVE ECONOMY DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK

Box 2. Main changes in HS 2022 related to creative goods compared to HS 2012

Some HS2012 codes have been merged into a single HS2022 code. For example:

HS2012 HS2022

370510 Photographic plates and lm, exposed and

developed, for offset reproduction (excl.

products made of paper, paperboard or

textiles and ready-to-use plates)

370500 Photographic plates and lm; exposed and

developed, other than cinematographic lm

370590 Photographic plates and lm, exposed and

developed (excl. products made of paper,

paperboard or textiles, cinematographic lm

and lm for offset reproduction)

Some HS2012 codes have been split up to several other codes in HS2022. For example:

HS2012 HS2022

441900 Tableware and kitchenware, of wood (excl.

interior ttings, ornaments, cooperage

products, tableware and kitchenware

components of wood, brushes, brooms and

hand sieves)

441911 Tableware and kitchenware, of wood; of

bamboo, bread boards, chopping boards and

similar boards

441912 Tableware and kitchenware, of wood; of

bamboo, chopsticks

441919 Tableware and kitchenware, of wood; of

bamboo, n.e.c. in heading 4419

441920 Tableware and kitchenware, of wood; of

tropical wood

441990 Tableware and kitchenware, of wood; not of

bamboo or tropical wood

HS2012 HS2022

442010 Statuettes and other ornaments, of wood

(excl. wood marquetry and inlaid wood)

442011 Wood; statuettes and other ornaments, of

tropical wood

442019 Wood; statuettes and other ornaments, of

other than tropical wood

HS2012 HS2022

940381 Furniture of bamboo or rattan (excl. seats

and medical, surgical, dental or veterinary

furniture)

940382 Furniture; of bamboo

940383 Furniture; of rattan

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

III. UNCTAD’S CREATIVE ECONOMY DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK

HS2012 HS2022

940530 Electric lighting sets of a kind used for

Christmas trees

940531 Luminaires and light ttings; electric, lighting

strings of a kind used for Christmas trees, for

use solely with light-emitting diode (LED) light

sources

940539 Luminaires and light ttings; electric, lighting

strings of a kind used for Christmas trees, for

other than use solely with light-emitting diode

(LED) light sources

HS2012 HS2022

970110 Paintings, e.g. oil paintings, watercolours and

pastels, and drawings executed entirely by

hand (excl. technical drawings and the like

of heading 4906, and hand-painted or hand-

decorated manufactured articles)

970121 Paintings, drawings and pastels; executed

entirely by hand, other than drawings of

heading no. 4906, of an age exceeding 100

years

970122 Mosaics; executed entirely by hand, other

than drawings of heading no. 4906, of an age

exceeding 100 years

970129 Artwork; other than paintings, drawings,

pastels mosaics, executed entirely by hand,

other than drawings of heading no. 4906, of

an age exceeding 100 years

HS2012 HS2022

970190 Collages and similar decorative plaques 970191 Paintings, drawings and pastels; executed

entirely by hand, other than drawings of

heading no. 4906, of an age not exceeding

100 years

970192 Mosaics; executed entirely by hand, other

than drawings of heading no. 4906, of an age

not exceeding 100 years

970199 Artwork; other than paintings, drawings,

pastels mosaics, executed entirely by hand,

other than drawings of heading no. 4906, of

an age not exceeding 100 years

Some HS codes changed. For example:

HS2012 HS2022

490591 Maps and hydrographic or similar charts of all

kinds, incl. atlases and topographical plans,

printed and in book form (excl. globes, and

maps and plans, in relief)

490520 Maps and hydrographic or similar charts;

printed in book form, including atlases,

topographical plans and similar

490599 Maps and hydrographic or similar charts

of all kinds, incl. atlases, wall maps and

topographical plans, printed (excl. those in

book form, and maps, plans and globes, in

relief)

490590 Maps and hydrographic or similar charts;

(printed other than in book form), including

wall maps, topographical plans and similar

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

III. UNCTAD’S CREATIVE ECONOMY DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK

Some new codes were added to make the list more complete. Most of these products correspond to the same ISIC industry but

were not included before. Examples of newly added products:

711790 - Imitation jewellery nes (jewellery)

920930 - Strings, musical instrument (musical instrument)

920991 - Parts and accessories for pianos (musical instrument)

920992 - Parts and accessories for string musical instruments (musical instrument)

920994 - Parts/accessories for electric amplied instruments (musical instrument)

920999 - Parts and accessories for the musical instruments nes (musical instrument)

Source: UNCTAD.

I V.

Tables of international

classification codes for data

collection

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

A. Creative industries

Table 7 presents the list of creative industries proposed by UNCTAD following the above analysis. They are based

on the joint UNCTAD-UNESCO proposal in the Guidance Note 16: Clarification on Cultural Products Resulting

from Creative Industries developed within the Task Team for International Trade Statistics. The guidance note

went through a global consultation with national statistical offices. It will feed into new international standards on

statistics on international trade in goods and services.

The table regroups creative industries into ten main groups. These are (in alphabetical order): advertising and

marketing; architecture; audiovisual, multimedia and photography; books and publishing; cultural and natural

heritage; design: product, graphic and fashion design; manufacturing of crafts and design goods; music,

performing and visual arts; software, video games, computer and web services; and research and development.

The table highlights in yellow the industries contributing to the manufacturing of some creative goods but which

also produce many other non-creative products. The creative industries listed below correspond to the creative

goods and services covered in the international trade statistics compiled by UNCTAD.

The table could be a valuable tool for countries who wish to map and measure the economic contribution of their

creative economy but who have not yet developed a definition or methodology. National Statistical Offices often

already collect various economic data by ISIC (or equivalent) industry codes. Therefore, countries could use this

table as a starting point.

Table 7. Creative industries using ISIC Rev. 5

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

Advertising and marketing 7310 Advertising activities

7320 Market research and public opinion polling

Architecture 7110 Architectural and engineering, and related technical consultancy activities

Audiovisual, multimedia and

photography

5911 Motion picture, video and television programme production activities

5912 Motion picture, video and television programme post-production activities

5913 Motion picture, video and television programme distribution activities

5914 Motion picture projection activities

6010 Radio broadcasting and audio distribution activities

6020 Television programming and broadcasting and video distribution activities

6031 News agency activities

6039 Social network sites and other content distribution activities

7420 Photographic activities

Books and publishing 4761 Retail sale of books, newspapers, stationery and ofce supplies

5811 Publishing of books

5812 Publishing of newspapers

5813 Publishing of journals and periodicals

5819 Other publishing activities

7430 Translation and interpretation activities

9111 Library activities

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

Cultural and natural heritage 5310* Postal activities

9112 Archives activities

9121 Museum and collection activities

9122 Historical site and monument activities

9130 Conservation, restoration and other support activities for cultural heritage

9141 Botanical and zoological garden activities

9142 Nature reserve activities

Design: product, graphic and

fashion design

7410 Specialised design activities

Manufacturing of crafts and

design goods

1391 Manufacture of knitted and crocheted fabrics

1393 Manufacture of carpets and rugs

1629 Manufacture of other products of wood; manufacture of articles of cork, straw and

plaiting materials

2310 Manufacture of glass and glass products

2393 Manufacture of other porcelain and ceramic products

3211 Manufacture of jewellery and related articles

3212 Manufacture of imitation jewellery and related articles

1392* Manufacture of made-up textile articles, except apparel

1399* Manufacture of other textiles n.e.c.

1410* Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel

1420* Manufacture of articles of fur

1512* Manufacture of luggage, handbags and the like, saddlery and harness of any material

1701* Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard

1709* Manufacture of other articles of paper and paperboard

2220* Manufacture of plastics products

2593* Manufacture of cutlery, hand tools and general hardware

2599* Manufacture of other fabricated metal products n.e.c.

2740* Manufacture of lighting equipment

2829* Manufacture of other special-purpose machinery

3101* Manufacture of wooden furniture

3102* Manufacture of other furniture

3240* Manufacture of games and toys

3250* Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies

3290* Other manufacturing n.e.c.

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

Music, performing and visual arts 1820 Reproduction of recorded media

3220 Manufacture of musical instruments

5920 Sound recording and music publishing activities

8552 Cultural education

9011 Literary creation and musical composition activities

9012 Visual arts creation activities

9013 Other arts creation activities

9020 Activities of performing arts

9031 Operation of arts facilities and sites

9039 Other support activities to arts creation and performing arts

Software, video games, computer

and web services

2619* Manufacture of electronic components and boards n.e.c.

2620* Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment

2640* Manufacture of consumer electronics

5821 Publishing of video games

5829 Other software publishing

6211 Development of video games, video game software, and video game software tools

6219 Other computer programming activities

6220 Computer consultancy and computer facilities management activities

6290 Other information technology and computer service activities

6310 Computing infrastructure, data processing, hosting and related activities

6390 Web search portals activities and other information service activities

Research and development 7210 Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering

7220 Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities

7740 Leasing of intellectual property and similar products, except copyrighted works

* Indicative list of industries contributing to the manufacturing of some creative goods.

Handmade goods, artisanal goods, or handicrafts are a key component of the creative sector, especially in developing countries.

However, there is no distinction between handmade and mass-produced goods in the Harmonised System. Certain industries

produce artcrafts, carpets, paperware, wickerware, yarn, fashion accessories, glassware, interior design goods, toys, etc., that are

handmade and/or considered as an important creative good. But, these industries also create other mass-produced goods that are

not creative. Therefore, considering all related manufacturing industries as creative would result in an over-estimation of the sector. To

be coherent with the established HS codes of creative goods, the table distinguishes creative industry groups and an “Indicative list

of industries contributing to the manufacturing of some creative goods.”

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

B. Creative goods and services

Table 8 presents the links between creative industries (shown in ISIC codes) and creative goods and services

(shown in HS and EBOPS codes, respectively) included in international trade statistics. The table is also based

on the joint UNCTAD-UNESCO proposal in Guidance Note 16: Clarification on Cultural Products Resulting from

Creative Industries and went through a global consultation.

As discussed above, there is no direct correspondence between HS and EBOPS. As a first step, we used an ISIC-

CPC correspondence, and then, as a second step, we used the CPC-HS and CPC-EBOPS correspondence. The

table summarizes the codes without including the CPC. Firms in the same economic activity (as per ISIC code)

can produce both goods and/or services. Therefore, the table presents the HS and EBOPS codes representing

the goods or services that can be traded.

There are significant changes compared to UNCTAD’s “old” measurement framework. First, the table links creative

goods and services in international trade to the creative industries. Second, the analytical categories follow the

ten categories used for creative industries (advertising and marketing; architecture; audiovisual, multimedia and

photography, etc.). The new categories provide a more up-to-date, nuanced, and accurate picture of the creative

economy. Third, to be future-proof, the table uses the new ISIC Rev. 5 and HS2022 classifications. As many

developing countries use previous classifications, the Annex includes correspondence tables (to be added later).

The table could be a valuable tool for countries who wish to measure their participation in the international

trade of creative goods and services. UNCTAD’s Creative Economy Outlook 2024 will present international trade

statistics in creative goods and services following the new structure.

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Table 8. Creative goods and services in international trade using HS 2022 and EBOPS 2010

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

Advertising and marketing 7310 Advertising activities 10.2.2 Advertising; market research; and public

opinion polling

7320 Market research and public opinion polling

Architecture 7110 Architectural and engineering, and related

technical consultancy activities

490600 Plans & drawings for architectural etc.

originals drawn by hand & copier

10.3.1.1 Architectural services

Audiovisual, multimedia and

photography

5911 Motion picture, video and television

programme production activities

370610 Cinematograph lm, exposed & developed,

of a width of 35 mm or more

11.1.1 Audiovisual services

370690 Cinematograph lm, exposed & developed,

nes

11.1.1 Audiovisual services

5912 Motion picture, video and television

programme post-production activities

11.1.1 Audiovisual services

5913 Motion picture, video and television

programme distribution activities

11.1.1 Audiovisual services

5914 Motion picture projection activities 11.1.1 Audiovisual services

6010 Radio broadcasting and audio distribution

activities

6020 Television programming and broadcasting

and video distribution activities

6031 News agency activities 9.3.1 News agency services

6039 Social network sites and other content

distribution activities

7420 Photographic activities 370500 Photographic plates and lm; exposed and

developed, other than cinematographic lm

Books and publishing 4761 Retail sale of books, newspapers, stationery

and ofce supplies

11.1.2 Artistic related services

5811 Publishing of books 490110 Brochures, leaets and similar printed

matter, in single sheets

8.4 Licenses to reproduce and/or distribute

audiovisual and related products

490191 Dictionaries and encyclopedias, and serial

instalments thereof

490199 Books, brochures, leaets and similar

printed matter, nes

490300 Children’s picture, drawing or coloring

books

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

490520 Maps and hydrographic or similar charts;

printed in book form, including atlases,

topographical plans and similar

490590 Maps and hydrographic or similar charts;

(printed other than in book form), including

wall maps, topographical plans and similar

5812 Publishing of newspapers 490210 Newspapers, journals & periodicals,

appearing at least four times a week

490290 Newspapers, journals and periodicals, nes

5813 Publishing of journals and periodicals

5819 Other publishing activities 490110 Brochures, leaets and similar printed

matter, in single sheets

490810 Transfers (decalcomanias), vitriable

490890 Transfers (decalcomanias), nes

490900 Postcards, printed or illustrated; printed

greeting cards

491000 Calendars of any kind, printed, including

calendar blocks

491110 Printed matter; trade advertising material,

commercial catalogues and the like

7430 Translation and interpretation activities

9111 Library activities 9.3.2 Information services - Other information

services

Cultural and natural heritage 5310* Postal activities 970400 Stamps, postage or revenue; stamp-

postmarks, rst-day covers, postal

stationery (stamped paper) and like, used or

unused, other than those of heading 4907

9112 Archives activities 9.3.2 Information services - Other information

services

9121 Museum and collection activities 970121 Paintings, drawings and pastels; executed

entirely by hand, other than drawings of

heading no. 4906, of an age exceeding

100 years

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

970122 Mosaics; executed entirely by hand, other

than drawings of heading no. 4906, of an

age exceeding 100 years

11.1.2 Artistic related services

970129 Artwork; other than paintings, drawings,

pastels mosaics, executed entirely by hand,

other than drawings of heading no. 4906, of

an age exceeding 100 years

11.1.2 Artistic related services

970210 Engravings, prints and lithographs; original

of an age exceeding 100 years

11.1.2 Artistic related services

970310 Sculptures and statuary; original, in any

material, of an age exceeding 100 years

11.1.2 Artistic related services

970510 Collections and collectors’ pieces; of

archaeological, ethnographic or historical

interest

11.2.3 Heritage and recreational services

970531 Collections and collectors’ pieces; of

numismatic interest, of an age exceeding

100 years

11.2.3 Heritage and recreational services

970539 Collections and collectors’ pieces; of

numismatic interest, of an age not

exceeding 100 years

970610 Antiques; of an age exceeding 250 years 11.2.3 Heritage and recreational services

970690 Antiques; of an age exceeding 100 years

but not exceeding 250 years

11.2.3 Heritage and recreational services

9122 Historical site and monument activities 11.2.3 Heritage and recreational services

9130 Conservation, restoration and other support

activities for cultural heritage

9141 Botanical and zoological garden activities 970521 Collections and collectors’ pieces; of

zoological, botanical, mineralogical,

anatomical or palaeontological interest,

human specimens and parts thereof

970522 Collections and collectors’ pieces; of

zoological, botanical, mineralogical,

anatomical or palaeontological interest,

extinct or endangered species and parts

thereof

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

970529 Collections and collectors’ pieces; of

zoological, botanical, mineralogical,

anatomical or palaeontological interest,

other than human species, extinct or

endangered species and parts thereof

9142 Nature reserve activities

Design: product, graphic and

fashion design

7410 Specialised design activities

Manufacturing of crafts and

design goods

1391 Manufacture of knitted and crocheted

fabrics

600240 Fabrics; knitted or crocheted, other than

those of heading 60.01, of a width not

exceeding 30 cm, containing by weight

5% or more of elastomeric yarn but not

containing rubber thread

600290 Fabrics; knitted or crocheted, other than

those of heading 60.01, of a width not

exceeding 30 cm, containing by weight

5% or more of elastomeric yarn or rubber

thread

600310 Fabrics; knitted or crocheted fabrics, other

than those of heading 60.01 and 60.02,

of a width not exceeding 30 cm, of wool or

ne animal hair

600320 Fabrics; knitted or crocheted fabrics, other

than those of heading 60.01 and 60.02, of

a width not exceeding 30 cm, of cotton

600330 Fabrics; knitted or crocheted fabrics, other

than those of heading 60.01 and 60.02, of

a width not exceeding 30 cm, of synthetic

bres

600340 Fabrics; knitted or crocheted fabrics, other

than those of heading 60.01 and 60.02, of

a width not exceeding 30 cm, of articial

bres

600390 Fabrics; knitted or crocheted fabrics, other

than those of heading 60.01 and 60.02, of

a width not exceeding 30 cm, other than of

wool and ne animal hair, cotton, synthetic

or articial bres

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

600410 Fabrics; knitted or crocheted fabrics of a

width exceeding 30 cm, other than those of

heading 60.01, containing by weight 5% or

more of elastomeric yarn but not containing

rubber thread

600490 Fabrics; knitted or crocheted, other

than those of heading 60.01, of a width

exceeding 30 cm, containing by weight

5% or more of elastomeric yarn or rubber

thread,

1393 Manufacture of carpets and rugs 570110 Carpets and other textile oor coverings;

knotted, of wool or ne animal hair, whether

or not made up

570190 Carpets and other textile oor coverings;

knotted, of textile materials (other than wool

or ne animal hair), whether or not made up

570210 Carpets and other textile oor coverings;

woven, (not tufted or ocked), whether or

not made up, including kelem, schumacks,

karamanie and similar hand-woven rugs

570231 Carpets & other textile oor coverings

woven of pile construction not made up of

wool/ne animal hair

570232 Carpets and other textile oor coverings;

woven, (not tufted or ocked), of man-made

textile materials, of pile construction, not

made up, n.e.c. in item no. 5702.10 or

5702.20

570239 Carpets and other textile oor coverings;

woven, (not tufted or ocked), of textile

materials (other than man-made, wool or

ne animal hair), of pile construction, not

made up, n.e.c. in item no. 5702.10 or

5702.20

570241 Carpets and other textile oor coverings;

woven, (not tufted or ocked), of wool or

ne animal hair, of pile construction, made

up, n.e.c. in item no. 5702.10 or 5702.20

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

570242 Carpets and other textile oor coverings;

woven, (not tufted or ocked), of man-made

textile materials, of pile construction, made

up, n.e.c. in item no. 5702.10 or 5702.20

570249 Carpets and other textile oor coverings;

woven, (not tufted or ocked), of textile

materials (other than man-made, wool or

ne animal hair), of pile construction, made

up, n.e.c. in item no. 5702.10 or 5702.20

570250 Carpets and other textile oor coverings;

woven, (not tufted or ocked), not of pile

construction, not made up, n.e.c. in item no.

5702.10 or 5702.20

570291 Carpets and other textile oor coverings;

woven, (not tufted or ocked), of wool or

ne animal hair, (not of pile construction),

made up, n.e.c. in item no. 5702.10 or

5702.20

570292 Carpets and other textile oor coverings;

woven, (not tufted or ocked), of man-made

textile materials, (not of pile construction),

made up, n.e.c. in item no. 5702.10 or

5702.20

570299 Carpets and other textile oor coverings;

woven, (not tufted or ocked), of textile

materials (other than man-made or wool or

ne animal hair, not of pile construction),

made up, n.e.c. in item no. 5702.10 or

5702.20

570410 Textile oor coverings; felt tiles, (not tufted

or ocked), whether or not made up, having

a maximum surface area of 0.3m2

570329 Carpets; tufted, of nylon or other

polyamides, whether or not made up

570331 Carpets and other textile oor coverings;

tufted, of other man-made textile materials

(other than polyamides), whether or not

made up

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

570500 Carpets and other textile oor coverings;

n.e.c. in chapter 57, whether or not made

1629 Manufacture of other products of wood;

manufacture of articles of cork, straw and

plaiting materials

441911 Tableware and kitchenware, of wood; of

bamboo, bread boards, chopping boards

and similar boards

441912 Tableware and kitchenware, of wood; of

bamboo, chopsticks

441919 Tableware and kitchenware, of wood; of

bamboo, n.e.c. in heading 4419

441920 Tableware and kitchenware, of wood; of

tropical wood

441990 Tableware and kitchenware, of wood; not of

bamboo or tropical wood

442011 Wood; statuettes and other ornaments, of

tropical wood

442019 Wood; statuettes and other ornaments, of

other than tropical wood

442090 Wood; marquetry and inlaid wood, caskets

and cases for jewellery or cutlery and

similar articles of wood, wooden articles of

furniture not falling in chapter 94

460121 Plaiting materials, plaits and similar

products of plaiting materials; mats, matting

and screens, of bamboo

460122 Plaiting materials, plaits and similar

products of plaiting materials; mats, matting

and screens, of rattan

460129 Plaiting materials, plaits and similar

products of plaiting materials; mats, matting

and screens, of vegetable materials other

than bamboo or rattan

460192 Plaiting materials, plaits and similar

products of plaiting materials; (not mats,

matting or screens), of bamboo

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

460193 Plaiting materials, plaits and similar

products of plaiting materials; (not mats,

matting or screens), of rattan

460194 Plaiting materials, plaits and similar

products of plaiting materials; (not mats,

matting or screens), of vegetable materials

other than bamboo or rattan

460199 Plaiting materials, plaits and similar

products of plaiting materials; products of

non-vegetable materials

460211 Basketwork, wickerwork and other articles;

of bamboo, made directly to shape from

plaiting materials or made up from goods of

heading no. 4601

460212 Basketwork, wickerwork and other articles;

of rattan, made directly to shape from

plaiting materials or made up from goods of

heading no. 4601

460219 Basketwork, wickerwork and other articles;

of vegetable materials (not bamboo or

rattan), made directly to shape from plaiting

materials or made up from goods of

heading no. 4601; articles of loofah

460290 Basketwork, wickerwork and other articles;

of non-vegetable materials, made directly

to shape from plaiting materials or made up

from goods of heading no. 4601

570220 Carpets and other textile oor coverings;

woven, (not tufted or ocked), whether or

not made up, of coconut bres (coir)

2310 Manufacture of glass and glass products 701310 Glassware; of a kind used for table, kitchen,

toilet, ofce, indoor decoration or similar

purposes (other than of heading no. 7010

or 7018), of glass-ceramics

701322 Stemware drinking glasses, of lead crystal

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

701328 Stemware drinking glasses, other than of

lead crystal or glass-ceramics

701333 Glassware; drinking glasses (not stemware),

of lead crystal

701337 Glassware; drinking glasses (not stemware),

other than of lead crystal or glass-ceramics

701341 Glassware of a kind used for table or

kitchen purposes (not drinking glasses), of

lead crystal

701342 Glassware of a kind used for table or

kitchen purposes (not drinking glasses),

of glass having a linear coefcient of

expansion not exceeding 5 x 10 (to the

minus 6), (or 0.000005) per Kelvin within a

temperature range of 0-300 degrees C

701349 Glassware of a kind used for table or

kitchen purposes (not drinking glasses or

of glass-ceramics), of glass n.e.c. in item

no. 7013.4

701391 Glassware; n.e.c. in heading no. 7013, of

lead crystal

701399 Glassware; n.e.c. in heading no. 7013,

other than of lead crystal

701890 Glass; articles thereof, statuettes and other

ornaments of lamp worked glass, other than

imitation jewellery

2393 Manufacture of other porcelain and ceramic

products

691110 Tableware and kitchenware; of porcelain

or china

691190 Household and toilet articles; n.e.c. in

heading no. 6911, of porcelain or china

691200 Ceramic tableware, kitchenware, other

household articles and toilet articles; other

than of porcelain or china

691310 Ceramic statuettes and other ornamental

ceramic articles, of porcelain or china

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

691390 Ceramic statuettes and other ornamental

ceramic articles; other than of porcelain or

china

691410 Ceramic articles n.e.c. in chapter 69; of

porcelain or china

691490 Ceramic articles n.e.c. in chapter 69; other

than of porcelain or china

3211 Manufacture of jewellery and related articles 711311 Jewellery and parts, silver, including plated

silver

711319 Jewellery and parts of precious metal

except silver

711320 Jewellery, parts, base metal clad with

precious metal

711411 Silver wares, silver ware plated with

precious metal

711419 Gold/silversmith wares of/clad with precious

metal ne

711420 Gold, silversmith wares, base clad with

precious meta

711610 Articles of natural or cultured pearls

711620 Articles of precious, semi-precious, articial

stone

3212 Manufacture of imitation jewellery and

711711 Cuff-links and studs of base metal, plated

or not

711719 Imitation jewellery nes of base metal

including plate

711790 Imitation jewellery nes

1392* Manufacture of made-up textile articles,

except apparel

580500 Tapestries; hand-woven, (Gobelins,

Flanders, Aubusson, Beauvais and the like)

and needle-worked tapestries (e.g. petit

point, cross-stitch) whether or not made up

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

581100 Quilted textile products; in the piece,

composed of one or more layers of textile

materials assembled with padding by

stitching or otherwise (excluding embroidery

of heading no. 5810)

630232 Bed linen; of man-made bres (not printed,

knitted or crocheted)

630240 Table linen; knitted or crocheted

630411 Bedspreads; knitted or crocheted

630491 Furnishing articles; excluding those of

heading no. 9404, n.e.c. in heading 6304,

knitted or crocheted

630800 Fabrics, woven and yarn; in sets, whether

or not with accessories, for making up into

rugs, tapestries, embroidered table cloths

or serviettes or similar textile articles,

packaged for retail sale

1399* Manufacture of other textiles n.e.c. 580430 Lace; handmade, in the piece, in strips

or motifs, (other than fabrics of headings

60.02 to 60.06)

580610 Fabrics; woven pile (including terry towelling

and similar terry fabrics) and chenille fabrics

(excluding goods of heading 5807)

580620 Fabrics; narrow (excluding pile fabrics),

containing by weight 5% or more of

elastomeric yarn or rubber thread

580631 Fabrics; narrow woven fabrics, n.e.c. in

heading no. 5806, of cotton (excluding

goods of heading no. 5807)

580632 Fabrics, narrow woven fabrics, n.e.c. in

heading no. 5806, of man-made bres

(excluding goods of heading no. 5807)

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

580639 Fabrics; narrow woven fabrics, n.e.c. in

heading no. 5806, of textile materials n.e.c.

in item no. 5806.3 (excluding goods of

heading no. 5807)

580640 Fabrics; narrow woven, consisting of warp

without weft, assembled by means of an

adhesive (bolducs)

580810 Braids; in the piece

580890 Ornamental trimmings; tassels, pompons

and similar articles; ornamental trimmings

in the piece, without embroidery, other than

knitted or crocheted

580900 Fabrics, woven; of metal thread and

metallised yarn of heading no. 5605, of a

kind used in apparel, as furnishing fabrics

or similar purposes; n.e.c. or included

581010 Embroidery; without visible ground, in the

piece, in strips or in motifs

581091 Embroidery; with visible ground, of cotton,

in the piece, in strips or in motifs

581092 Embroidery; with visible ground, of man-

made bres, in the piece, in strips or in

motifs

581099 Embroidery; with visible ground, of textile

materials (other than cotton and man-made

bres), in the piece, in strips or in motifs

580410 Tulles and other net fabrics; excluding

woven, knitted or crocheted fabrics, (other

than fabrics of headings 60.02 to 60.06)

580421 Lace; mechanically made, of man-made

bres in the piece, in strips or in motifs,

(other than fabrics of headings 60.02 to

60.06)

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

580429 Lace; mechanically made, of textile

materials, (other than man-made bres),

in the piece, in strips or motifs, (other than

fabrics of headings 60.02 to 60.06)

1410* Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur

apparel

420310 Apparel; articles of apparel, of leather or of

composition leather

420329 Clothing accessories; gloves, mittens

and mitts, n.e.c. in heading no. 4203, of

leather or composition leather, not specially

designed for use in sports

420330 Clothing accessories; belts and bandoliers,

of leather or of composition leather

420340 Clothing accessories; of leather or of

composition leather, n.e.c. in heading no.

4203

430310 Furskin articles; apparel and clothing

accessories

611710 Shawls, scarves, mufers, mantillas, veils

and the like; knitted or crocheted

611780 Clothing accessories; knitted or crocheted,

n.e.c. in heading no. 6117

611790 Clothing; parts, knitted or crocheted

621410 Shawls, scarves, mufers, mantillas, veils

and the like; of silk or silk waste (not knitted

or crocheted)

621420 Shawls, scarves, mufers, mantillas, veils

and the like; of wool or ne animal hair (not

knitted or crocheted)

621430 Shawls, scarves, mufers, mantillas, veils

and the like; of synthetic bres (not knitted

or crocheted)

621440 Shawls, scarves, mufers, mantillas, veils

and the like; of articial bres (not knitted

or crocheted)

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

621490 Shawls, scarves, mufers, mantillas, veils

and the like; of textile materials n.e.c. in

heading no. 6214 (not knitted or crocheted)

621510 Ties, bow ties and cravats; of silk or silk

waste (not knitted or crocheted)

621520 Ties, bow ties and cravats; of man-made

bres (not knitted or crocheted)

621590 Ties, bow ties and cravats; of textile

materials other than silk or man-made

bres (not knitted or crocheted)

621710 Clothing accessories; other than those of

heading no. 6212 (not knitted or crocheted)

621790 Clothing; parts of garments or of clothing

accessories, other than those of heading no.

6212 (not knitted or crocheted)

1420* Manufacture of articles of fur 650400 Hats and other headgear; plaited or made

by assembling strips of any material,

whether or not lined or trimmed

650500 Hats and other headgear; knitted or

crocheted, or made up from lace, felt or

other textile fabric, in the piece (but not in

strips), whether or not lined or trimmed;

hair-nets of any material, whether or not

lined or trimmed

650699 Headgear; (other than safety headgear),

(of materials other than rubber or plastic),

whether or not lined or trimmed

1512* Manufacture of luggage, handbags and the

like, saddlery and harness of any material

420211 Cases and containers; trunks, suit-cases,

vanity-cases, executive-cases, brief-cases,

school satchels and similar containers, with

outer surface of leather or of composition

leather

420212 Cases and containers; trunks, suit-cases,

vanity-cases, executive-cases, brief-cases,

school satchels and similar containers,

with outer surface of plastics or of textile

materials

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

420221 Cases and containers; handbags (whether

or not with shoulder strap and including

those without handle), with outer surface of

leather or of composition leather

420222 Cases and containers; handbags (whether

or not with shoulder strap and including

those without handle), with outer surface of

sheeting of plastics or of textile materials

420231 Cases and containers; of a kind normally

carried in the pocket or in the handbag, with

outer surface of leather or of composition

leather

420232 Cases and containers; of a kind normally

carried in the pocket or in the handbag, with

outer surface of sheeting of plastics or of

textile materials

420292 Cases and containers; n.e.c. in heading

4202, with outer surface of sheeting of

plastics or of textile materials

1701* Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard 480100 Newsprint; made of bres obtained

essentially by a chemi-mechanical process

or of a weight, per m2, of more than 57g

but not more than 65g, in rolls or sheets

480210 Handmade paper or paperboard

1709* Manufacture of other articles of paper and

paperboard

481420 Wallpaper and similar wall coverings;

coated or covered on the face side, with

a grained, embossed, coloured, design-

printed or otherwise decorated layer of

plastics

481490 Wallpaper and similar wall coverings and

window transparencies of paper; n.e.c. in

heading 4814

590500 Textile wall coverings of fabrics

impregnated, coated, covered or laminated

2220* Manufacture of plastics products 392640 Plastics; statuettes and other ornamental

articles

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

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ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

2593* Manufacture of cutlery, hand tools and

general hardware

821510 Cutlery; sets of assorted articles (e.g.

spoons, forks, ladles, skimmers, cake-

servers, sh-knives, butter-knives, sugar

tongs and similar), with at least one article

plated with precious metal

821520 Cutlery; sets of assorted articles (e.g.

spoons, forks, ladles, skimmers, cake-

servers, sh-knives, butter knives, sugar

tongs and similar), not plated with precious

metal

821591 Cutlery; (e.g. spoons, forks, ladles,

skimmers, cake-servers, sh-knives, butter-

knives, sugar tongs and similar), plated with

precious metal, not in sets

2599* Manufacture of other fabricated metal

products n.e.c.

830610 Bells, gongs and the like; non-electric, of

base metal

830621 Statuettes and other ornaments; of base

metal plated with precious metal

830629 Statuettes and other ornaments; of base

metal other than plated with precious metal

2740* Manufacture of lighting equipment 940519 Chandeliers and electric ceiling or wall light

ttings; (excluding those used for lighting

public open spaces or thoroughfares), for

use other than with light-emitting diode

(LED) light sources

940531 Luminaires and light ttings; electric,

lighting strings of a kind used for Christmas

trees, for use solely with light-emitting diode

(LED) light sources

940539 Luminaires and light ttings; electric,

lighting strings of a kind used for Christmas

trees, for other than use solely with light-

emitting diode (LED) light sources

2829* Manufacture of other special-purpose

machinery

950810 Travelling circuses and travelling

menageries

3101* Manufacture of wooden furniture 940340 Furniture; wooden, for kitchen use

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

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ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

940350 Furniture; wooden, for bedroom use

940360 Furniture; wooden, other than for ofce,

kitchen or bedroom use

3102* Manufacture of other furniture 940320 Furniture; metal, other than for ofce use

940382 Furniture; of bamboo

940383 Furniture; of rattan

940389 Furniture; of cane, osier, or similar materials

(other than bamboo or rattan)

3240* Manufacture of games and toys 950300 Tricycles, scooters, pedal cars and similar

wheeled toys; dolls’ carriages; dolls; other

toys; reduced-size (scale) models and

similar recreational models, working or not;

puzzles of all kinds

950420 Billiard articles and accessories of all kinds

950440 Games; playing cards

950490 Games; articles for funfair, table or parlour

games, including pintables, special tables

for casino games, automatic bowling alley

equipment, n.e.c. in heading 9504

950430 Games; operated by coins, banknotes,

bank cards, tokens or by other means of

payment, other than billiard articles and

accesssories, and automatic bowling alley

equipment

3250* Manufacture of medical and dental

instruments and supplies

960190 Bone, tortoise shell, horn, antlers, coral,

mother-of-pearl and other animal carving

material and articles thereof (including

articles obtained by moulding)

900410 Sunglasses; corrective, protective or other

3290* Other manufacturing n.e.c. 950510 Christmas festivity articles

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

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ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

950590 Festive, carnival or other entertainment

articles including novelty jokes and

conjuring tricks; other than Christmas

festivity articles

670290 Flowers, foliage and fruit, articial, and parts

thereof; articles made of articial owers,

foliage or fruit, of materials other than

plastics

960110 Ivory and articles thereof; worked

960200 Vegetable, mineral carving material and

articles of these materials, moulded or

carved articles of wax, stearin, natural

gums, resins or modelling pastes, worked

unhardened gelatin (not heading no. 3503)

Music, performing and visual

arts

1820 Reproduction of recorded media 852321 Magnetic media; cards incorporating a

magnetic stripe, whether or not recorded,

excluding products of Chapter 37

3220 Manufacture of musical instruments 920110 Upright pianos, including auto-players

920120 Grand pianos, including auto-players

920190 Harpsichords, keyboard stringed

instruments nes

920210 String musical instruments played with a

bow

920290 String musical instruments nes

920510 Brass-wind instruments

920590 Wind musical instruments except brass

920600 Percussion musical instruments

920710 Keyboard instruments electrical/requiring

amplier

920790 Musical instruments nes, electric/requiring

amplier

920810 Musical boxes

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

920890 Musical instruments etc nes

920930 Strings, musical instrument

920991 Parts and accessories for pianos

920992 Parts and accessories for string musical

instruments

920994 Parts/accessories for electric amplied

instruments

920999 Parts and accessories for the musical

instruments nes

5920 Sound recording and music publishing

activities

490400 Music, printed or in manuscript 11.1.1 Audiovisual services

852380 Media n.e.c. in heading 8523, whether or

not recorded, excluding products of Chapter

8552 Cultural education

9011 Literary creation and musical composition

activities

11.1.2 Artistic related services

9012 Visual arts creation activities 491191 Pictures, designs and photographs

970191 Paintings, drawings and pastels; executed

entirely by hand, other than drawings of

heading no. 4906, of an age not exceeding

100 years

11.1.2 Artistic related services

970192 Mosaics; executed entirely by hand, other

than drawings of heading no. 4906, of an

age not exceeding 100 years

11.1.2 Artistic related services

970199 Artwork; other than paintings, drawings,

pastels mosaics, executed entirely by hand,

other than drawings of heading no. 4906, of

an age not exceeding 100 years

11.1.2 Artistic related services

970290 Engravings, prints and lithographs; original

of an age not exceeding 100 years

11.1.2 Artistic related services

970390 Sculptures and statuary; original, in any

material, of an age not exceeding 100 years

11.1.2 Artistic related services

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

9013 Other arts creation activities

9020 Activities of performing arts

9031 Operation of arts facilities and sites

9039 Other support activities to arts creation and

performing arts

Software, video games,

computer and web services

2619* Manufacture of electronic components and

boards n.e.c.

852352 Semiconductor media; smart cards, whether

or not recorded, excluding products of

Chapter 37

852359 Semiconductor media; other than smart

cards, whether or not recorded, excluding

products of Chapter 37

2620* Manufacture of computers and peripheral

equipment

852351 Semiconductor media; solid-state non-

volatile storage devices, whether or not

recorded, excluding products of Chapter 37

2640* Manufacture of consumer electronics

5821 Publishing of video games 950450 Games; video game consoles and

machines, other than those of subheading

9504.30

5829 Other software publishing 852329 Magnetic media for the recording of sound/

of other phenomena, but excl. products of

Ch. 37., other than cards incorporating a

magnetic stripe

8.3 Licenses to reproduce and/or distribute

computer software

852341 Optical media for the recording of sound

or of other phenomena, unrecorded (excl.

goods of chapter 37)

852349 Optical media for the recording of sound or

of other phenomena (excl. unrecorded and

goods of chapter 37)

6211 Development of video games, video game

software, and video game software tools

6219 Other computer programming activities 9.2.1 Computer services - Computer software

6220 Computer consultancy and computer

facilities management activities

9.2.2 Computer services - Other computer

services

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

IV. TABLES OF INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION CODES FOR DATA COLLECTION

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

2022

HS description

EBOPS

2010

EBOPS description

6290 Other information technology and computer

service activities

6310 Computing infrastructure, data processing,

hosting and related activities

6390 Web search portals activities and other

information service activities

Research and development 7210 Research and experimental development on

natural sciences and engineering

10.1.1.1 Provision of customized and non-

customized research and development

services

7220 Research and experimental development on

social sciences and humanities

10.1.1.2 Sale of proprietary rights arising from

research and development

10.1.1.1 Provision of customized and non-

customized research and development

services

7740 Leasing of intellectual property and similar

products, except copyrighted works

8.2 Licenses for the use of outcomes of

research and development

10.2.2 Advertising; market research; and public

opinion polling

* Indicative list of industries contributing to the manufacturing of some creative and cultural goods

Some HS codes could correspond to several ISIC codes. However, to avoid repetition, HS codes are included only under one corresponding ISIC cate-

gory.

Impact of change in

statistical coverage

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

V. IMPACT OF CHANGE IN STATISTICAL COVERAGE

As expected, changes in the statistical coverage of creative goods do not significantly change the value of global

exports in creative trade (see Figure 2), as no creative goods were dropped (as per request by the UNCTAD

Informal Working Group on the Creative Economy) and only 33 goods were added during the update of the

statistical classifications. There will be no change in the coverage of trade in creative services.

Figure 2. Global exports of creative goods calculated with UNCTAD’s “updated” and “old” framework

(US$ billion)

Source: UNCTAD.

However, the updated framework will change the analytical categories showing creative product groups. The

new product groups will reflect the list of creative industries.

Figure 3 shows the product groups in the “old” framework. Design goods have been dominating creative goods

exports (UNCTAD, 2022). In 2020, design goods accounted for 62.9 per cent of total creative goods exports,

followed by new media products (13.4 per cent), art crafts (8 per cent), visual arts (6.2 per cent), publishing (5.4

per cent), audio-visuals (3.1 per cent), and performing arts (1 per cent). Among design goods, the main exported

products are interior design products (20.1 per cent of total creative exports), fashion (15.9 per cent), jewellery

(15.3 per cent), and toys (11.4 per cent).

Figure 4 presents data using the “updated” framework, regrouping products according to the creative industries.

In 2020, manufacturing crafts and design goods comprised 73 per cent of global creative merchandise exports.

Software, video games, computer and web services accounted for 13.6 per cent, books and publishing for 4.7

per cent, and music, performing and visual arts for 4.5 per cent. Because of the large share of crafts and design

goods in the world’s creative goods exports, we suggest further sub-groups for this category, such as carpets,

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

V. IMPACT OF CHANGE IN STATISTICAL COVERAGE

fashion accessories, interior design goods, toys, wickerware, yarn, and jewellery. Figure 5 shows the world

exports of further sub-categories in crafts and design goods.

Figure 3. World creative goods exports by product groups with UNCTAD’s “old” framework (US$ billion)

Source: UNCTAD.

Figure 4. World creative goods exports by product groups with UNCTAD’s “updated” framework (US$ billion)

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

V. IMPACT OF CHANGE IN STATISTICAL COVERAGE

Source: UNCTAD.

Figure 5. World exports of crafts and design goods with UNCTAD’s “updated” framework (US$ billion)

Source: UNCTAD.

VI.

Conclusions

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

VI. CONCLUSIONS

The paper represents a significant step forward in addressing the challenges of measuring the creative economy

and trade in creative goods and services. The proposed framework, while not without its imperfections inherent

in the measurement of creative activities, stands as a valuable tool and starting point, particularly for developing

countries seeking to assess and leverage their creative industries for economic development. The collaborative

efforts involved in its development, including global consultations with creative economy experts, official

statisticians, and trade statisticians within the UNCTAD Informal Working Group on the Creative Economy and

the United Nations Task Team on International Trade Statistics, underscore the framework’s robust foundation.

The paper creates synergies with other organizations’ work on the cultural and creative economy, such as

UNESCO, and moves towards a globally shared understanding of the cultural and creative scope. The framework

ensures relevance and adaptability by aligning with the latest statistical classifications for industrial activities and

international merchandise trade statistics. A pilot project in Angola (UNCTAD, 2023) showed the applicability

and utility of the framework, offering a methodology that can be adapted and replicated in other developing

countries. The paper and its proposed framework contribute substantially to the ongoing dialogue on measuring

the creative economy, providing a foundation for informed policy decisions and national strategies for creative

industries.

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

ENDNOTES

Endnotes

See https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/td541add2_en.pdf.

See https://undocs.org/Home/

Mobile?FinalSymbol=A%2FRES%2F74%2F198&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False

See https://undocs.org/Home/

Mobile?FinalSymbol=A%2FRES%2F78%2F133&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False

See https://g7g20-documents.org/database/document/2023-g20-india-sherpa-track-culture-ministers-ministers-

language-g20-culture-ministers-meeting-outcome-document-and-chairs-summary.

Annex

Correspondence table for

creative industries in

ISIC Rev. 4 and ISIC Rev. 5

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

ANNEX

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

ISIC

Rev. 4

ISIC Rev. 4 description

Advertising and marketing 7310 Advertising activities 7310 Advertising

7320

Market research and public opinion

polling

7320

Market research and public opinion

polling

Architecture 7110

Architectural and engineering, and

related technical consultancy activities

7110

Architectural and engineering, and

related technical consultancy activities

Audiovisual, multimedia and

photography

5911

Motion picture, video and television

programme production activities

5911

Motion picture, video and television

programme production activities

5912

Motion picture, video and television

programme post-production activities

5912

Motion picture, video and television

programme post-production activities

5913

Motion picture, video and television

programme distribution activities

5913

Motion picture, video and television

programme distribution activities

5914 Motion picture projection activities 5914 Motion picture projection activities

6010

Radio broadcasting and audio

distribution activities

6010 Radio broadcasting

6020

Television programming and

broadcasting and video distribution

activities

6020

Television programming and

broadcasting activities

6031 News agency activities 6391 News agency activities

6039

Social network sites and other content

distribution activities (new class in ISIC

Rev. 5)

7420 Photographic activities 7420 Photographic activities

Books and publishing 4761

Retail sale of books, newspapers,

stationery and ofce supplies

4761

Retail sale of books, newspapers and

stationary in specialized stores

5811 Publishing of books 5811 Publishing of books

5812 Publishing of newspapers 5813

Publishing of newspapers, journals and

periodicals

5813 Publishing of journals and periodicals 5813

Publishing of newspapers, journals and

periodicals

5819 Other publishing activities 5819 Other publishing activities

7430

Translation and interpretation activities

(new class in ISIC Rev. 5)

9111 Library activities 9000 Library and archive activities

Cultural and natural heritage 5310* Postal activities 5310* Postal activities

9112 Archives activities 9000 Library and archive activities

9121 Museum and collection activities 9102

Museum activities and operation of

historical sites and buildings

9122 Historical site and monument activities 9102

Museum activities and operation of

historical sites and buildings

9130

Conservation, restoration and other

support activities for cultural heritage

9102

Museum activities and operation of

historical sites and buildings

9141

Botanical and zoological garden

activities

9103

Botanical and zoological gardens and

nature reserves activities

9142 Nature reserve activities 9103

Botanical and zoological gardens and

nature reserves activities

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

ANNEX

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

ISIC

Rev. 4

ISIC Rev. 4 description

Design: product, graphic and

fashion design

7410 Specialised design activities 7410 Specialised design activities

Manufacturing of crafts and

design goods

1391

Manufacture of knitted and crocheted

fabrics

1391

Manufacture of knitted and crocheted

fabrics

1393 Manufacture of carpets and rugs 1393 Manufacture of carpets and rugs

1629

Manufacture of other products of wood;

manufacture of articles of cork, straw

and plaiting materials

1629

Manufacture of other products of wood;

manufacture of articles of cork, straw

and plaiting materials

2310

Manufacture of glass and glass

products

2310

Manufacture of glass and glass

products

2393

Manufacture of other porcelain and

ceramic products

2393

Manufacture of other porcelain and

ceramic products

3211

Manufacture of jewellery and related

articles

3211

Manufacture of jewellery and related

articles

3212

Manufacture of imitation jewellery and

3212

Manufacture of imitation jewellery and

1392*

Manufacture of made-up textile articles,

except apparel

1392*

Manufacture of made-up textile articles,

except apparel

1399* Manufacture of other textiles n.e.c. 1399* Manufacture of other textiles n.e.c.

1410*

Manufacture of wearing apparel, except

fur apparel

1410*

Manufacture of wearing apparel, except

fur apparel

1420* Manufacture of articles of fur 1420* Manufacture of articles of fur

1512*

Manufacture of luggage, handbags and

the like, saddlery and harness of any

material

1512*

Manufacture of luggage, handbags and

the like, saddlery and harness of any

material

1701*

Manufacture of pulp, paper and

paperboard

1701*

Manufacture of pulp, paper and

paperboard

1709*

Manufacture of other articles of paper

and paperboard

1709*

Manufacture of other articles of paper

and paperboard

2220* Manufacture of plastics products 2220* Manufacture of plastics products

2593*

Manufacture of cutlery, hand tools and

general hardware

2593*

Manufacture of cutlery, hand tools and

general hardware

2599*

Manufacture of other fabricated metal

products n.e.c.

2599*

Manufacture of other fabricated metal

products n.e.c.

2740* Manufacture of lighting equipment 2740* Manufacture of lighting equipment

2829*

Manufacture of other special-purpose

machinery

2829*

Manufacture of other special-purpose

machinery

3101* Manufacture of wooden furniture 3101* Manufacture of wooden furniture

3102* Manufacture of other furniture 3102* Manufacture of other furniture

3240* Manufacture of games and toys

3250*

Manufacture of medical and dental

instruments and supplies

3250*

Manufacture of medical and dental

instruments and supplies

3290* Other manufacturing n.e.c. 3290* Other manufacturing n.e.c.

ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:

A REVISED FRAMEWORK FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND TRADE

ANNEX

Creative industry group

(Analytical categories)

ISIC

Rev. 5

ISIC Rev. 5 description

ISIC

Rev. 4

ISIC Rev. 4 description

Music, performing and visual arts 1820 Reproduction of recorded media 1820 Reproduction of recorded media

3220 Manufacture of musical instruments

5920

Sound recording and music publishing

activities

5920

Sound recording and music publishing

activities

8552 Cultural education 8542 Cultural education

9011

Literary creation and musical

composition activities

9000

Creative arts and entertainment

activities

9012 Visual arts creation activities 9000

Creative arts and entertainment

activities

9013 Other arts creation activities 9000

Creative arts and entertainment

activities

9020 Activities of performing arts 9000

Creative arts and entertainment

activities

9031 Operation of arts facilities and sites 9000

Creative arts and entertainment

activities

9039

Other support activities to arts creation

and performing arts

9000

Creative arts and entertainment

activities

Software, video games, computer

and web services

2619*

Manufacture of electronic components

and boards n.e.c.

2619

Manufacture of other electronic

components and boards

2620*

Manufacture of computers and

peripheral equipment

2620*

Manufacture of computers and

peripheral equipment

2640* Manufacture of consumer electronics 2640* Manufacture of consumer electronics

5821 Publishing of video games 5820 Software publishing

5829 Other software publishing 5820 Software publishing

6211

Development of video games, video

game software, and video game

software tools

6201 Computer programming activities

6219 Other computer programming activities 6201 Computer programming activities

6220

Computer consultancy and computer

facilities management activities

6202 Computer consultancy activities

6290

Other information technology and

computer service activities (new class in

ISIC Rev. 5)

6310

Computing infrastructure, data

processing, hosting and related activities

(new class in ISIC Rev. 5)

6390

Web search portals activities and other

information service activities (new class

in ISIC Rev. 5)

Research and development 7210

Research and experimental development

on natural sciences and engineering

7210

Research and experimental development

on natural sciences and engineering

7220

Research and experimental development

on social sciences and humanities

7220

Research and experimental development

on social sciences and humanities

7740

Leasing of intellectual property and