2015] THE TALE OF THE FEE TAIL IN DOWNTON ABBEY 137
1400s, common recoveries were, well, common.
Social norms were
changing and evolving, and fee tails seemed to serve little purpose.
By the nineteenth century the fee tail was so disfavored by so
many—including the aristocracy who by then saw the value in free
alienation—that Parliament codified and simplified the disentailing
process in the Fines and Recoveries Act of 1833.
This Act allowed
the “actual tenant in tail” to alienate the estate in fee simple by
executing a “disentailing assurance” deed.
Another blow came with
the Law of Property Act of 1925, which abolished the fee tail as a legal
estate, though allowing its creation in real and personal property as
an equitable interest in trust.
These laws provide the final pieces of
the puzzle for understanding the fee tail in Downton Abbey.
III. THE FEE TAIL IN DOWNTON ABBEY
Admirably, the writers of Downton Abbey captured the flavor of
this history. As discussed above, when news of James’s and Patrick’s
deaths arrives, the first episode reveals that Robert holds the estate in
fee tail male, creating a serious problem for his wife and daughters.
Through a conversation between Robert’s wife, Cora, and his mother,
the Dowager Countess of Grantham Violet Crawley, viewers learn
that there is a way to break the entail. Cora, an American, likely
thinks this whole fee tail idea is preposterous. But she is even more
enthusiastic to break it because for some unexplained reason she
agreed, at the insistence of Robert’s father, to contractually bind her
extensive personal wealth to the entailed estate. For the Countess the
reason to break the entail is obvious—Downton Abbey is her life. From
the way Cora and the Countess speak of the entail, however, one
would think it is the 1450s and Robert would have to resort to sham.
. Id. at 252–53.
. Fines and Recoveries Act, 1833, 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 74.
. Id. Section 15 provided:
After the thirty-first day of December one thousand eight hundred and thirty-three
every actual tenant in tail, whether in possession, remainder, contingency, or
otherwise, shall have full power to dispose of for an estate in fee simple absolute, or
for any less estate, the lands entailed, as against all persons claiming the lands
entailed by force of any estate tail which shall be vested in or might be claimed by, or
which but for some previous Act would have been vested in or might have been
claimed by, the person making the disposition, at the time of his making the same,
and also as against all persons, including the King’s most excellent Majesty, whose
estates are to take effect after the determination or in defeasance of any such estate
tail; saving always the rights of all persons in respect of estates prior to the estate tail
in respect of which such disposition shall be made, and the rights of all other persons,
except those against whom such disposition is by this Act authorized to be made.
Id.
. Law of Property Act, 1925, 15 & 16 Geo. 5, c. 20.