Southern Gentlemen Drank
Gotham’s Expanding Horizons
What a time to be in New York City! In the Statue of Liberty
was unveiled. In electric streetcars began to carry passengers
across the city. By New York’s mass transit system, with both
elevated and subterranean railroads, boasted a greater total mileage
than London’s. In New York hosted its first tickertape parade,
witnessed by new arrival Upton Sinclair. In Ellis Island was
constructed as the entry point for hundreds of thousands of Euro-
pean immigrants each year. In , when Sinclair was seventeen,
New York public libraries opened for the first time, allowing him
to revel in books not found at home.
But New York’s dynamism had a price. By the time the family
arrived, ten thousand abandoned or orphaned children lived on
the streets of New York. Death from starvation or preventable dis-
eases was routine
—
penicillin, antibiotics, and sulfa had not been
discovered. Many of these children begged. Others, singly or in
gangs, stole to stay alive. During the s, the most notorious gang
in New York City was the Five Points Gang, named for its home
turf in the Five Points (Bowery) section of Lower Manhattan, close
to where the Sinclairs lived. Jack Finney describes the streets,
full of “carriages of black, maroon, green, brown, some shabby,
some elegant and glinting with glass and polish,” which “trotted,
lumbered, or rattled over the stones.” Delivery wagons, loaded
with barrels, crates, and sacks, were pulled by teams of enormous
steam-breathing dray horses.
The Sinclair family moved frequently, usually living in board-
ing houses, on West Sixty-Fih, West Ninety-Sixth, and West th
Streets, among others. As New York City’s population expanded,
more and more establishments oered room and board to rural
migrants, European newcomers, and assorted people who could not
or would not live in “homes.” Wendy Gamber’s survey of newspaper
advertisements reveal that “there was indeed a boardinghouse for
everyone: Swedenborgians, tailors, amateur musicians, ‘respectable