STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY
2023
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
2
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 3
CONTENTS
4 CRUISE UPDATE
& FORECAST
10
CRUISE LEADERSHIP IN
RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
22
CRUISE FACTS, FIGURES,
& TRENDS
39
THE PRESENT & FUTURE
VALUE OF CRUISE
TOURISM
48
THE 2023-2028
ORDERBOOK
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
4
CRUISE UPDATE & FORECAST
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 5
85%
of travelers who have
cruised will cruise again,
6%
higher than pre-pandemic
Source: CLIA Cruise Traveler Sentiment, Perception, and Intent Survey
(Dec.2022)
CRUISE UPDATE & FORECAST
Intent to cruise is higher than
it was in December 2019—
continuing a trend that began
in the last quarter of 2020
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
6
CRUISE UPDATE & FORECAST
Global cruise capacity is forecast to grow 19% to
more than 746K lower berths from 2022 to 2028
Cruise capacity projections
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2028F2027F2026F2025F2024F2023F2022202120202019201820172016
746K
737K
726K
703K
678K
644K
625K
604K
590K
582K
540K
524K
483K
Source: CLIA Cruise Forecast /Tourism Economics Note: Capacity measured at the beginning of the year.
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 7
CRUISE UPDATE & FORECAST
Attracting 4 million new-to-cruise travelers
is key to meeting the increase in global
cruise capacity projected from 2023
to 2025
Every 1% increase in first-time cruise
travelers (international travelers who
have never cruised and are open to
cruise) is equivalent to 4 million new-
to-cruise travelers.
Source: Analysis of CLIA Passenger Data, 2019 – 2021, CLIA Cruise
Forecast /Tourism Economics (Dec. 2022); and UNWTO international
tourist arrivals data (Jan. 2023)
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
8
CRUISE UPDATE & FORECAST
Cruise tourism is rebounding faster than
international tourism arrivals
Source: CLIA Cruise Forecast/Tourism Economics (December 2022)
Projected global cruise passenger volume
(numbers represent an index of volume relative to 2019 (2019=100))
Projected global cruise passenger volume
Numbers represent an index of volume relative to 2019 (2019=100)
66
91
103
109
114
69
106
120
73
111
121
124
126
127
130
2019 2020 2021 202 2 2023 2024 2025 2026
DOWNSIDE BASELINE UPSIDE
100
19
16
Projected global cruise passenger volume
Numbers represent an index of volume relative to 2019 (2019=100)
66
91
103
109
114
69
106
120
73
111
121
124
126
127
130
2019 2020 2021 202 2 2023 2024 2025 2026
DOWNSIDE BASELINE UPSIDE
100
19
16
Cru
ise passenger volume is
f
orecast to reach 106% of
2019 levels in 2023—with
31.5 million passengers
sailing.
This compares to the
UNWTO forecast t(January
2023) that international
tourist arrivals in 2023 will be
80% to 95% of 2019 levels.
*Forecast based on the baseline forecast
from CLIA’s Cruise Forecast
(December 2022). This chart shows the
range of passengers forecast based on a
downside to upside analysis. The middle
bar provides the baseline percentage of
2019 passenger volume; bars to the left
and right provide the downside and
upside forecast, respectively). CLIA
analysis indicates the baseline forecast is
the most likely scenario.
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 9
Ocean-going cruise passengers (amounts in millions)
2023F 2024F 2025F 2026F 2027F2022202120202019
29.7
5.8
4.8
20.4
31.5
36.0
37. 2
38.5
39.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
CRUISE UPDATE & FORECAST
Cruise continues to be one of the fastest-growing
sectors of tourism
Source: CLIA Passenger Data, 2019 – 2021 and CLIA Cruise Forecast/Tourism Economics (December 2022)
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
10
CRUISE LEADERSHIP IN
RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 11
CRUISE LEADERSHIP IN RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
Cruise lines are following a path to decarbonisation
with advancements in technology, infrastructure,
and operations
• Multiple pilot projects and collaborative initiatives are underway.
• New engines and propulsion technologies are actively being planned and tested for use on cruise ships.
Technology Infrastructure Operations
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
12
CRUISE LEADERSHIP IN RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
Cruise lines are utilizing LNG now as a transitional
fuel while cruise lines explore sustainable marine
fuels and propulsion technologies
• LNG is currently the cleanest fuel available at scale while cruise lines are exploring sustainable
marine fuels, including advanced biofuels and other renewable energy solutions, such as synthetic
fuels, methanol, hydrogen, fuel cells and batteries.
• LNG-fueled vessels and infrastructure can use and deliver bioLNG and renewable synthetic LNG
once these fuels become more broadly available
of the CLIA-member cruise
line fleet able to utilize
sustainable fuels once
available at scale
75%
of ships scheduled to debut
between 2023 and 2028 will
rely on LNG fuel for their
primary propulsion
60%
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 13
CRUISE LEADERSHIP IN RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
The number of CLIA-member cruise ships with
shoreside power capability will more than double
by 2028*
All emissions
covered
Emissions
reduced up to
99%
GHG reduced by
more than 20%,
SOx by 99%, soot
particles by 98%,
and NOx by 85%
*Based on scheduled orders as of the February 2022 order book
Every CLIA-member ship being built today
through 2028, except expedition, is scheduled
to be fitted with shoreside power capabilities
• Currently, 30% of ships, representing 40%
of capacity, is plug-in ready; 30% to be
retrofitted
29 cruise ports worldwide have at least one
berth with onshore power; 20 additional ports
funded or planned (by 2025)
• Less than 2% of the world’s cruise ports
have on-shore power; by 2025, 3% will have
shoreside power
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
14
PORTS WITH AT LEAST ONE CRUISE BERTH WITH
SHORESIDE POWER (AS OF APRIL 2023)
Status
Active
(29)
Funded
(8)
Planned (19)
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 15
ACTIVE (29)
AUSTRALIA Sydney
CANADA Halifax, NS | Montreal, QC | Vancouver, BC
CHINA Qingdao | Shanghai | Shenzhen | Xiamen
GERMANY Hamburg-Altona | Kiel | Rostock-Warnemünde
ITALY Genoa
NORWAY Bergen | Flam | Karmsund | KristiansandTrondheim
SOUTH KOREA Incheon
SWEDEN Verkö | Ystad
UK Southampton
USA Brooklyn, NY | Juneau, AK | Long Beach, CA Los
Angeles/San Pedro, CA | Oakland, CA | San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA
FUNDED (8)
FRANCE Marseille
ITALY Civitavecchia | Livorno
NORWAY Alesund | Stavanger | Tromsø
SPAIN Cadiz
USA Miami, FL
PLANNED (19)
DENMARK Aarhus
ESTONIA Tallin
FRANCE Le Havre | Nice | Toulon
GERMANY Bremen
GREECE Heraklion
ITALY La Spezia
MALTA Valetta
NETHERLANDS Amsterdam | Rotterdam
NORWAY Haugesund | Oslo
SPAIN Barcelona | Bilbao
SWEDEN Stockholm
UK Portsmouth |Tyne
USA Port Everglades, FL
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
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CRUISE LEADERSHIP IN RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
Cruise is a model for responsible and sustainable tourism
Managed tourism
• Active collaboration with ports and destinations helps
maximize the benefits of tourism for communities.
• Ship arrival and departure schedules are established with
ports up to three years in advance—and most passengers
participate in shore excursions organized by the cruise
lines with local providers—providing destinations with
advance information about tourism flows so they can plan
accordingly.
• Collaborative, sustainable tourism initiatives led by
the cruise industry, destinations, ports, community
organizations, and stakeholders are helping to achieve
mutual objectives to preserve the integrity, cultural
heritage, and beauty of the world’s most treasured
destinations for future generations.
“We’re seeing the cruise industry acting much more
proactively in collaborating with port managers to
better manage visitor flows.”
Randy Durband, CEO
Global Sustainable Tourism Council
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 17
CRUISE LEADERSHIP IN RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
Cruise is a model for responsible and sustainable tourism
Responsible sourcing for food and supplies
• Cruise lines are working with organizations to source
food responsibly (e.g., Marine Stewardship Council, the
Aquaculture Stewardship Council, and others).
• Prioritizing local sourcing of food and other supplies:
• Reduces the carbon footprint of the supply chain by
reducing the distance food and supplies need to travel
to get to the ships.
• Supports local businesses and communities and, as a
result, helps improve lives and the quality of life in the
destinations our member-line ships visit.
Water production and conservation
• Cruise ships produce up to 90% of fresh water onboard
and, through state-of-the-art systems and practices,
conserve and repurpose water rather than draw from areas
where resources are limited.
The top three food trends this year and next
are local culinary (61.11%), sustainable seafood
(35.19%) and meat substitutes (24.07%).
2023 F&B at Sea Trends Report
CRUISE LEADERSHIP IN RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
Cruise is a model for responsible and sustainable tourism
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
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CRUISE LEADERSHIP IN RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
Cruise is a model for responsible and sustainable tourism
Sustainable and locally sourced tour excursions
• Many cruise lines oer a variety of shore excursion
programs that are focused on sustainability and are
pursuing sustainable tour excursion certification with
respected conservation organizations and other groups
based on the Global Sustainable Tourism Council’s Industry
Standard criteria.
• The wide range of sustainable shore excursions include
those that take travelers to national parks, wildlife
rehabilitation centers, biodynamic farms and sustainable
businesses, as well as support species and habitat
protection.
• In addition, many excursions include carbon-free walk,
cycle, paddle or sail experiences rather than a coach tour.
• And because shore excursions are locally sourced, they
create jobs that benefit local communities.
Cruise travel also provides opportunities for
personal growth and greater understanding of the
world by connecting people to places in ways that
create greater understanding and appreciation for
each other’s cultures, as well as better awareness
of the environment.
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 19
CRUISE LEADERSHIP IN RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
Ocean and marine life protection
Cruise lines have a range of dedicated programs for
ocean and marine life protection. Examples include:
• Coral reef restoration
• Advanced wastewater treatment systems that rival
land-based systems
• Agreement by CLIA cruise line members to avoid or
voluntarily reduce vessel speed in sensitive areas or when
marine life is observed
• Underwater noise and vibration reduction systems,
including specially designed hulls, propellers, and noise
suppression devices
• Partnerships with a variety of research and ocean and
marine life protection organizations
• On-board scientists to support important research for
the benefit of the ocean and marine life
CRUISE LEADERSHIP IN RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
Cruise is a model for responsible and sustainable tourism
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 21
75% of the
CLIA-member
fleet capable of
using sustainable
fuels once available
at scale
Up to 90%
of fresh water
produced onboard
Through state-of-the-art
systems and practices,
cruise lines are able to
conserve and repurpose
onboard rather than
drawing from areas where
resources are limited
88% of non-LNG new-build
ships specified for EGCS
Exhaust gas cleaning systems (EGCS)
• 98% reduction in sulfur oxide levels
• 50% reduction in typical total
particulate matter (including elemental
and organic carbon and black carbon)
• 12% reduction in nitrogen oxides
• 79% of global capacity utilizes EGCS
Cruise lines have
dedicated programs and
systems designed to
protect marine life
• Members agree to avoid or
voluntarily reduce vessel speed
in sensitive areas
• Underwater noise and vibration
reduction systems
• Onboard scientists to support
important ocean and marine
life research
Every CLIA-member ship
being built today, except expedition,
is specified to have shoreside
power capability
• 40% of the CLIA cruise line member fleet is
plug-in ready, 30% to be retrofitted
• Only 3% of the world’s ports have onshore power
Some ships
repurpose 100%
of waste
• Programs supporting
land-free ship operations
• Surplus heat transferred from
machinery to heat water for
showers and pools
• Bio-digesters reduce
food waste
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
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CRUISE LEADERSHIP IN
RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
CLIA-member cruise
ships and operations
become more
sustainable and
ecient every year
Cruise ships are subject to multiple
inspections each year –announced and
unannounced – for compliance with strict
environmental and safety regulations.
Source: CLIA Environmental Technologies and Practices
Report (October 2022) and individual cruise line
sustainability reports. Projections are for the CLIA-
member cruise line fleet, inclusive of current ships in
service plus new ships coming online from the date of
this report through 2028, and do not account for vessel
retirements during that period. Vessels most likely to be
retired first are those without, or unable to be retrofitted
with, advanced environmental technologies.
Average age of ships in the
CLIA-member fleet
is 14.1 years
38 LNG-powered ships
specified to be in service by 2028
• LNG reduces GHG more than 20%,
SOx (99%), soot particles (98%),
NOx (85%)
• LNG-fueled vessels can transition
to bioLNG and renewable synthetic
LNG once available at scale
96% of ships have low-
friction hull coatings
Air lubrication systems and
special hull coatings increase
fuel eciency by nearly 10%
100% of new ships specified
for Advanced Wastewater
Treatment Systems
• Advanced wastewater
treatment systems (AWTS)
rival land-based facilities
• 78% of CLIA-member ships
sailing fitted with AWTS
Using digital
technology to be
more energy ecient
• From tracking the energy use of
appliances in a ship’s galley to routing
ships optimally, digital technologies
oer a new energy-saving tool
• Each new class of ship that is
launched is around 20% more
ecient than the last
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
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CRUISE FACTS,
FIGURES, & TRENDS
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 23
CRUISE FACTS, FIGURES, & TRENDS
Top 15 trends we are tracking now
1. Younger generations are the future of cruise with
88% of Millennials and 86% of Gen-X travelers who
have cruised before say they plan to cruise again.
2. There is more interest than ever before among
Millennials and Gen-X travelers to take their first
cruise with 73% of those who have never cruised
indicating they will consider a cruise vacation.
Millennials were most interested at 77%, followed by
Gen-X at 73%.
3. To attract more first-time cruisers and meet the needs of
repeat cruisers, cruise lines are offering both shorter and
longer cruise itineraries. As a result, while the average cruise
length continues to be around 7 days, the range of options
for cruise duration has expanded.
MILLENNIALS
88%
GEN-X
86%
Percentage of
Millennials
and Gen-X cruisers that
plan to cruise again
Percentage of first-time cruisers interested in
cruising
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
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4. Solo cruise travel is on the rise. Cruise lines are responding
by increasing the number of
single-cabins in new ships and
retrofitting some of their existing ships to include additional
cabins designed for those traveling alone.
5. There is an acceleration of environmental technologies
and practices present on cruise ships as the industry pursues
net-zero carbon cruising by 2050. See pages 20-21 for examples
of some of these features.
6. The commitment of cruise travelers and potential new-to-cruise travelers to the environment is on the
rise with 50% of current and potential cruise travelers saying they are more committed to making travel
decisions based on environmental impacts than they were three years ago.
CRUISE FACTS, FIGURES, & TRENDS
Top 15 trends we are tracking now
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 25
7. Cruise lines are increasingly offering environmental education and
sustainable tour experiences for passengers. As a result, 84% of cruise
travelers are more aware of the responsible nature of cruise travel and the
importance of the environment.
9. Younger cruise travelers—from Gen Z to Millennials to Gen X—turn to travel
advisors to book their cruises more so than any other generation (50% more than
Traditionalists and Baby Boomers).
8. The number of accessible cabins across the cruise line fleet is increasing. The
increase is helping to meet the needs of cruise travelers who have limited
mobility, or who are traveling with someone with limited mobility--the vast
majority of whom (across every generation) say they view a cruise holiday as
the only travel option that meets their needs. Similar results are showing up
related to sensory and cognitive considerations.
CRUISE FACTS, FIGURES, & TRENDS
Top 15 trends we are tracking now
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
26
10. Cruise holidays appeal to those looking for
multi-generational travel options. Today 73% of
cruise travelers are sailing with family members that
represent at least two generations.
11. The CLIA-member cruise line fleet of ships is projected to exceed 300 ocean-going vessels for the first
time in 2024. The increase in ships and itineraries is well-timed to meet strong demand for cruise travel,
which is rebounding faster than international arrivals. Based on CLIA's forecast, cruise tourism will likely
reach 106% of 2019 passenger volume in 2023. This compares to the UNWTO forecast (January 2023) that
international tourist arrivals in 2023 will be 80% to 95% of 2019 levels.
12. Traveler interest in booking an expedition cruise is higher than ever as travelers seek more immersive,
responsible, bucket-list travel experiences. The trend is evident across all age groups as the number of
passengers sailing on expedition cruises more than doubled from 2016 to 2022. Other signs: Search
results for expedition cruise travel to Antarctica increased 51% in 2022 compared to 2019. In addition,
during 2022, 137,000 cruise travelers sailed on expedition ships. Though this number is lower than 2019
when 187,000 cruise travelers chose an expedition cruise, 2022 expedition passenger volume was nearly
70% higher than it was in 2016.
CRUISE FACTS, FIGURES, & TRENDS
Top 15 trends we are tracking now
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 27
14. More cruise travelers plan to book longer cruises for
their next holiday with 43% saying they plan to book a
longer cruise and 43% saying they plan to book a similar-
length cruise.
15. Family and friends have the most influence on traveler
decisions to book a cruise or not with 86% of cruise
travelers saying family and friends had either some
influence or significant influence in their choice to cruise.
C
RUI
SE
FACTS, F
IGURES, & TRENDS
Top 15 trends we are tracking now
13. Cruise lines are offering more immersive cruise travel
opportunities to passengers. Cruise lines are scheduling
longer stays, including overnight stays, in certain ports of call.
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
28
CRUISE FACTS, FIGURES, & TRENDS
North America remains the largest source market with other
markets increasing in popularity, especially the Med
Source: CLIA One Resource 2022 Passenger Data
15,408
12,592
49
57
168
218
108
263
935
1,352
3,738
7,2 2 6
20
30
88
131
149
161
426
471
791
5,433
Source Markets 2019 and 2022 Passenger Volume (amounts in 000s)
CENTRAL AMERICA
CARIBBEAN
AFRICA
SCANDINAVIA/ICELAND
MIDDLE EAST/ARABIA
EASTERN EUROPE
SOUTH AMERICA
AUSTRALIA/
NZ/PACIFIC
ASIA
WESTERN EUROPE
NORTH AMERICA
2019 2022
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 29
CRUISE FACTS, FIGURES, & TRENDS
The Caribbean remains the top destination for cruise travelers
Source: CLIA One Resource 2022 Passenger Data
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
30
CRUISE FACTS, FIGURES, & TRENDS
Average age and cruise length for top source markets, 2022
36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Avg. Age
4
6
8
10
Avg. Length in Days
Western
Europe
Scandinavia/Iceland
North
America
Eastern
Europe
Caribbean
Australia/
NZ/Pacific
South
America
No Region
Identified
Middle East/
Arabia
Central
America
Asia
Africa
Source: CLIA One Resource 2022 Passenger Data
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 31
CRUISE FACTS, FIGURES, & TRENDS
Average age and cruise length by destination/itinerary, 2022
38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64
Avg. Age
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Avg. Length in Days
Panama Canal/
South Am
Northern
Europe
NA West Coast/
Mexico/California/
Pacific Coast
Eastern Med.
Central & Western Med.
Caribbean/
Bahamas/
Bermuda
Canary Isl.
Canada/
New England
Baltics
Australia/
NZ/Pacific
Asia &
China
Alaska
Africa/
Middle East
Transatlantic
& World Cruise
Hawaii
Exploration
Dest.
Source: CLIA One Resource 2022 Passenger Data
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
32
CRUISE FACTS, FIGURES, & TRENDS
Top 20 ports visited per year
PORT/DESTINATION EMBARK & DISEMBARK TRANSIT TOTAL
Miami 2,526,900 42,350 5,096,150
Port Canaveral 2,013,340 282,700 4,308,940
Cozumel 31,820 3,893,590 3,893,590
Port Everglades 1,757,340 10,100 3,524,780
Nassau 500 3,311,700 3,312,700
Shanghai 1,622,700 13,500 3,258,900
Barcelona 661,630 1,215,000 2,538,260
Civitavecchia 596,650 1,218,000 2,412,100
Southampton 929,700 228,000 2,087,400
San Juan 399,870 1,219,600 2,019,340
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 33
CRUISE FACTS, FIGURES, & TRENDS
The future of cruise is the younger generation—and
getting younger. GenX and Millennials are the most
enthusiastic about planning a cruise holiday
15%
0-19
20%
20-39
32%
40-59
33%
60+
% of Cruise Passengers Who Plan to Cruise Again
65
%
70
%
75
%
80
%
90
%
85
%
TRADITIONALISTS BABY BOOMERS GEN-X MILLENIALS GEN-Z
78%
82%
86%
88%
78%
Average age of cruise tourist
46.5
Millennials are the most
enthusiastic cruisers of the future
Source: CLIA Cruise Traveler Sentiment, Perception, and Intent Survey (March 2023)
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
34
CRUISE FACTS, FIGURES, & TRENDS
Many cruise lines are increasing the number of single
cabins as an increasing number of cruise travelers choose
to cruise solo. Here’s how far in advance solo travelers
book their cruises:
Less than
1 month
24 months +
1-6 months
6-12 months
12-18 months
18-25 months
10.9%
3.1%
1.6%
1.6%
How far in advance do you book your sailing?
(solo travelers who have cruised before and will cruise again)
54.7%
28.1%
Most solo travelers
book their cruises
between 1 and 12
months prior to
sailing
Source: CLIA Cruise Traveler Sentiment, Perception, and Intent Survey (March 2023)
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 35
CRUISE FACTS, FIGURES, & TRENDS
Accessibility is a growing need…and cruise lines are
providing more wheelchair accessible options
Generation
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 100%
% of Total Count of Response Id
Traditionalists
(Low Sample)
Baby Boomers
Gen X
Millennials
Gen Z
Grand Total
83%
89%
89%
82%
79%
84%
17%
11%
11%
18%
21%
16%
Percentage of cruise travelers with limited mobility
Do you or a traveling companion experience mobility challenges?
No
Yes
Source: CLIA Cruise Traveler Sentiment, Perception, and Intent Survey (March 2023)
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
36
CRUISE FACTS, FIGURES, & TRENDS
A cruise holiday meets the needs of travelers with limited
mobility more often than other holiday travel options
Yes
Not
Sure
No
82%
7%
11%
Percentage of travelers who said
cruise is the only holiday travel option for them
Percentage of cruise travelers or those traveling with someone with limited mobility who responded yes
Source: CLIA Cruise Traveler Sentiment, Perception, and Intent Survey (March 2023)
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 37
CRUISE FACTS, FIGURES, & TRENDS
Younger generations are using travel advisors to book cruises at a
higher rate than other generations (who are more seasoned cruisers)
Generation
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 100%
Traditionalists
Baby Boomers
Gen X
Millennials
Gen Z
Grand Total
62%
56%
32%
34%
31%
35%
38%
44%
68%
66%
69%
65%
Percentage of cruise travelers by generation who answered “yes” to the question:
Did you use a travel advisor to book your cruise in the last six months?
No
Yes
Source: CLIA Cruise Traveler Sentiment, Perception, and Intent Survey (March 2023)
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
38
CRUISE FACTS, FIGURES, & TRENDS
Family and friends have the strongest influence on traveler
decisions to book a cruise or not
45%41% 14%
Friends & Family
27%51%22%
52%29% 20%
52%26% 22%
53%23% 24%
47%35%18%
38%17% 45%
Significant influence Some influence No influence at all
News Coverage About Travel
News Coverage About Cruise Industry
Marketing & Advertising
Travel Advisor / Travel Agency
Opinions of High Profile Individuals
Social Media Influencers
What level of influence do the following have on your decision to book a cruise?
Source: CLIA Cruise Traveler Sentiment, Perception, and Intent Survey (December 2022)
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 39
THE PRESENT & FUTURE
VALUE OF CRUISE TOURISM
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
40
Source: CLIA 2021 Economic Impact Study, Oxford Economics. 2022 (Economic Impact results to be released in September 2023)
THE PRESENT & FUTURE VALUE OF CRUISE TOURISM
Economic impact highlights 2021
Operational ramp up and shipbuilding helped cruise contribute meaningful economic contributions
despite loss in passenger volume
Although the majority of cruise markets remained closed during 2021, and restart in North America did
not begin until the end of June, the cruise sector still produced some meaningful economic benefits.
Global:
$75B in total economic contribution, supporting 848K jobs
Rest of the world:
$11B in total economic contribution, supporting 411K jobs
Europe:
$44B in total economic contribution, supporting 315K jobs
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 41
THE PRESENT & FUTURE VALUE OF CRUISE TOURISM
Cruise tourists add value before, during, and after sailing
Every 24
cruisers
worldwide supports
one full-time
equivalent job
More than 6 in 10
people (63%)
who have taken a cruise say that
they have returned to a destination
that they first visited via cruise ship
Source: The Global Economic Contribution of Cruise Tourism in 2019, BREA Source: CLIA SPI Survey, November 2021
Cruisers spend an average of
$750 USD per
passenger
in port cities over the course of a
typical seven-day cruise
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
42
THE PRESENT & FUTURE VALUE OF CRUISE TOURISM
Economic impact set to rebound
Strong demand and forecast for passenger volume bodes well for future economic contributions from cruise
Looking ahead, the cruise sector is expected to move closer to 2019 levels in 2023 with passenger
volume forecast to reach 27 million to 33 million cruisers globally.
Source: CLIA 2019 Economic Impact Study, Oxford Economics
$155B
TO THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
1.2M
JOBS
$50B
IN WAGES
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 43
Even though passenger and crew
onshore visits were down nearly
90% in 2021 compared to 2019,
total economic contribution from
global cruise activity was only
down 53% for the year.
As part of the responsible resumption
of cruise, cruise lines generated direct
spend as they ramped up operations.
This helped mitigate the loss of cruise
activity during a year where the
largest cruise market in the world was
open for just six months and other key
markets had virtually no cruise activity
(e.g., Asia, Australia, and Canada).
Source: CLIA 2021 Economic Impact Study, Oxford Economics (2022 Economic Impact results to be released in September 2023)
LEVELS 2021 2020 2019
PASSENGER AND CREW ONSHORE VISITS, MILLIONS 16 26 148
DIRECT EXPENDITURES, $ BILLIONS $34 $29 $72
TOTAL OUTPUT CONTRIBUTION, $ BILLIONS $75 $63 $54
TOTAL INCOME CONTRIBUTION, $ BILLIONS $25 $26 $51
TOTAL EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTION, HEADCOUNT 862,025 576,451 1,166,213
% CHANGE RELATIVES TO 2019 2021 2020
PASSENGER AND CREW ONSHORE VISITS -89% -82%
DIRECT EXPENDITURES -53% -60%
TOTAL OUTPUT CONTRIBUTION 38% 17%
TOTAL INCOME CONTRIBUTION -51% -49%
TOTAL EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTION -26% -51%
THE PRESENT AND FUTURE VALUE OF CRUISE TOURISM
Economic impact highlights 2021
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
44
THE PRESENT AND FUTURE VALUE OF CRUISE TOURISM
Economic impact highlights 2021
• U.S. embarkations in 2021 were 86% lower than
levels in 2019—directly aecting the level of
passenger and cruise spend during the year.
• However, cruise line purchases as part of the
ramp-up of operations for cruise resumption
in the U.S. at the end of June 2021 limited the
impact.
• Wages for crew and sta appear to have been
relatively stable during the pause in operations,
and even increased in nominal terms.
Source: CLIA 2021 Economic Impact Study, Oxford Economics (2022 Economic Impact results to be released in September 2023)
Cruise line purchases were the main driver of
economic contribution from cruise in the United
States during 2021:
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 45
ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS 2021 2019 %CHANGE
DIRECT
DIRECT CRUISE INDUSTRY EXPENDITURES, $ BILLIONS $8.7 $25.1 -65%
EMPLOYMENT 52,461 178,104 -71%
GROSS INCOME, $ BILLIONS $3.0 $9.0 -67%
TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT
TOTAL OUTPUT, $ BILLIONS $19.0 $55.0 -65%
EMPLOYMENT 109,517 436,611 -75%
TOTAL GROSS INCOME, $ BILLIONS $8.0 $24.0 -67%
EXPENDITURES
2021 2019 %CHANGE
PASSENGERS SIURCED FROM US, MILLIONS
2.5 14.2 -82%
US EMBARKATION, MILLIONS 2.0 13.8 -86%
CRUISE LINES, $ BILLIONS $6.3 $18.1 -65%
PASSENGERS AND CREW, $ BILLIONS $0.7 $5.1 -86%
CREW GROSS WAGES, $ BILLIONS $1.7 $1.9 -12%
DIRECT US-BASED SPENDING, $ BILLIONS $8.7 $25.1 -65%
Source: CLIA 2021 Economic Impact Study, Oxford Economics (2022 Economic Impact results to be released in September 2023)
THE PRESENT AND FUTURE VALUE OF CRUISE TOURISM
Economic impact highlights 2021
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
46
THE PRESENT AND FUTURE VALUE OF CRUISE TOURISM
Economic impact highlights 2021
A strong shipbuilding sector was key to supporting economic impact in Europe
Regional view of direct economic impact
MARKET AREA TOTAL SPEND CRUISE LINE PURCHASES PAX SPEND SHIPBUILDING CREW/STAFF INCOME
$ AMOUNTS IN MILLIONS
GLOBAL $35,371 $15,415 $1,912 $13,033 $5,011
EUROPE $20,740 $5,944 $847 $12,381 $1,558
USA $8,676 $6,310 $654 $37 $1,674
REST OF THE WORLD $5,955 $3,160 $411 $605 $1,779
€ AMOUNTS IN MILLIONS
EUROPE €17,629 €5,052 €720 €10,533 €1,324
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION
EUROPE 59% 39% 44% 95% 31%
USA 25% 41% 34% 0% 33%
REST OF THE WORLD 17% 21% 22% 55% 36%
Source: CLIA 2021 Economic Impact Study, Oxford Economics (2022 Economic Impact results to be released in September 2023)
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 47
THE PRESENT AND FUTURE VALUE OF CRUISE TOURISM
Economic impact highlights 2021
Direct spend (cruise line purchases) by region
Source: CLIA 2021 Economic Impact Study, Oxford Economics (2022 Economic Impact results to be released in September 2023)
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
48
THE 2023-2028
ORDERBOOK
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 49
THE 2023-2028 ORDERBOOK
14 new ships will enter service during 2023, oering new
itineraries and experiences
CRUISE LINE SHIP SHIPYARD FIRST SAILING*
CARNIVAL CRUISE LINE Jubilee Meyer-Werft (Germany) Dec 2023
CELEBRITY CRUISES Ascent Chantiers de L’Atlantique (France) Dec 2023
EMERALD CRUISES Sakara Halong Shipbuilding (Vietnam) Aug 2023
EXPLORA JOURNEYS Explora I Fincantieri (Italy) July 2023
MSC CRUISES Euribia Chantiers de L’Atlantique (France) June 2023
NORWEGIAN CRUISE LINE Viva Fincantieri (Italy) Aug 2023
OCEANIA CRUISES Vista Fincantieri (Italy) May 2023
REGENT SEVEN SEAS CRUISES Seven Seas Grandeur Fincantieri (Italy) Nov 2023
SCENIC YACHT CRUISES Eclipse II Rijeka (Croatia) April 2023
SEABOURN Pursuit T
. Mariotti (Italy) Aug 2023
SIL
VERSEA CRUISES Silver Nova Meyer Werft (Germany) Aug 2023
SWAN HELLENIC CRUISES Hellenic Diana Helsinki (Finland) April 2023
VIRGIN CRUISE LINE Brilliant Lady Fincantieri (Italy) Dec 2023
VIRGIN CRUISE LINE Resilient Lady Fincantieri (Italy) May 2023
Source: CLIA orderbook data (*CLIA cruise line member vessels scheduled for delivery in 2023, launch dates subject to change)
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
50
THE 2023-2028 ORDERBOOK
CLIA cruise line members are introducing 44 new ships
from 2023 through 2028
YEAR # SHIPS # LB CAPACITY AVG. CAPACITY MIN. CAPACITY MAX. CAPACITY
2023 14 29,527 2,109 100 5,610
2024 12 30,064 2,505 200 5,714
2025 8 31,820 3,978 1,200 6,000
2026 4 14,082 3,521 922 5,610
2027 4 10,894 2,724 922 5,400
2028 2 4,572 2,286 922 3,650
Total 44 120,959 2,749 100 6,000
Source: CLIA orderbook data (2023-2028)
CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 51CRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 51
About Cruise Lines
International Association
C
ruise Lines International Association (CLIA) is the world’s largest
cruise association, providing a unified voice for the industry as the
leading authority of the global cruise community. Together with our
members and partners, CLIA supports policies and practices that
foster safe, healthy, and sustainable cruise operations; tourism
strategies that maximize the socio-economic benefits of cruise
travel; and technologies and innovations that protect and preserve
our planet.
Our commitment to sailing to a better future extends well beyond
minimizing environmental impacts to also include harnessing the
power of travel to contribute to responsible tourism, connect
people and places, and create positive travel experiences that
inspire lifelong cruisers and generations of new-to-cruise travelers to
sail responsibly.
CLIA’s global headquarters are in Washington, DC, with regional
offices located in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and
Australasia. To learn more about the advancements our industry is
making toward sustainable development goals that make cruise
the best way to see the world, please visit cruising.org and
cruiseinfohub.com.
CLIA MEMBERSHIP
53 Member Cruise Lines
• 43 Ocean Members (28 global + 15 regional)
with 293 vessels
• 10 River Cruise Marketing Affiliates (3 global + 7 regional)
with 194 vessels
OCEAN
LOWER BERTHS
2021 2022 2023
Global 514,000 547,000 580,000
Regional 46,000 32,000 34,000
Total 560,000 579,000 614,000
Includes 95% of global ocean-going cruise passenger capacity
• Nearly 300 Executive Partners
• 75,000 Travel Trade Members:
15,000 Agencies
60,000 Agents
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
52
CLIA global ocean cruise line members
CLIA MEMBERSHIP
CRUISE LINES INTERNACRUISE LINES INTERNATIONAL ATIONAL ASSSOCIASOCIATIONTION
5153
CLIA regional ocean cruise line members
CLIA MEMBERSHIP
THE STATE OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY 2023
54
CLIA river cruise marketing affiliate members
CLIA MEMBERSHIP
cruising.org
#WeAreCruise
May 2023